RESEARCH REVISION 39 · 12 OCTOBER 2026
Start with past account systems themselves: the debts, prices, taxes and ledgers that establish their existence. Then ask what followed them.
A currency ending is not a whole family dying out. Conversion can connect an ended currency to a surviving line. An empty branch can also be unfinished research. None of the disconnected components below is labelled a proven extinct family.
Dates below are sourced formal replacement or cessation observations, not guarantees that every residual debt or redemption window ended. Most ancient and regional endings remain unresolved. Current scope remains the inherited 154 codes; this is not a new 2026 currency census.
Download full revision39 · All-node audit JSON · Dated return conversions
| Currency / account system | Lifecycle finding | Recorded succession |
|---|---|---|
| Rob gold-dinar legal accounting Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Asante gold-account reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLifecycle review: unresolved No complete family extinction established.printed94: denomination system and court fines;90: fieldwork1968 | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Buganda simbi / kiasa reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Congo state-regulated mitako reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLifecycle review: administrative conversion framework observed; general ending unproven No complete family extinction established.printed26–27/PDF43–44, nzimbu; printed42–43/PDF59–60, mitako; printed52–55/PDF69–72, decrees, accounting and survival | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| East African coastal doti-merikani reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Gambia River trade bar African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| German East African rupee–pesa accounting African and Pacific account systems | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint East African shilling |
| Kongo nzimbu reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsThesis separates later ritual survival from transactional monetary demand. No complete family extinction established.printed26–27/PDF43–44, nzimbu; printed42–43/PDF59–60, mitako; printed52–55/PDF69–72, decrees, accounting and survival | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Kove tambu obligation reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Later survival documented; present status unreviewedEvidence and limitsLifecycle review: positive survival in1966–1972; later fate unreviewed Positive historical continuation only; current2026status was not audited.Opening fieldwork paragraph1966; paragraph beginning For every fathom; paragraph beginning To become a mahoni; paragraphs on recent inflation | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Moroccan Hassani reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsCashreplacement documented; total endingofall oldobligations notseparately established.Printed410/PDF5,SituationmonétaireduMaroc | Main path to a modern endpoint Moroccan franc |
| Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Tolai tambu reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Later survival documented; present status unreviewedEvidence and limitsLifecycle review: European-trade prohibition did not establish disappearance. Positive historical continuation only; current2026status was not audited.printed76/PDF4; printed80–82/PDF8–10 | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Tunisian piastre / riyal reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending / replacement documented · 1891Evidence and limitsPrincipal unit replaced by franc reckoning. This does not prove every old coin or legacy private claim disappeared immediately.Protectorate section first paragraph | Main path to a modern endpoint Tunisian franc |
| Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoning African and Pacific account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Achaemenid daric payment unit Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Attic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo cessation or terminal conversion established by this bounded source pass. Latest inspected observation is not an ending date. Dated local conversion or continuation of Athenian account obligations under Hellenistic/Roman administration. Coin issues ending or a drachma/denarius exchange rate is insufficient.Research adjudication; absence of a current graph descendant does not establish extinction. | Main path to a modern endpoint Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions → Sasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning |
| Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting → Late Ptolemaic and Augustan Egyptian bronze-drachma reckoning |
| Ephesian Artemision gold account unit Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Govardhana / Nasik kahapana account Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Hellenistic Sardian chrysous account Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLocal Sardian temple credit and estate assessments; not an assertion that every Hellenistic gold stater shared one currency identity. No complete account-unit termination established in this pass.Epigraphic Dossier no. 7, pp. 210–213, col. I 4–10 and col. II 1–19; CHANGE date fields | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Late Ptolemaic and Augustan Egyptian bronze-drachma reckoning Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLast evidence admitted here is not an abolition date.p. 211, BGU XIV 2376 and nn. 30–33 | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Old Assyrian silver reckoning at Kanesh Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo cessation or terminal conversion established by this bounded source pass. Latest inspected observation is not an ending date. Dated later accounts or conversion of outstanding silver obligations; archive destruction or merchant disappearance is insufficient.Research adjudication; absence of a current graph descendant does not establish extinction. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Old Babylonian silver shekel reckoning Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo cessation or terminal conversion established by this bounded source pass. Latest inspected observation is not an ending date. A local sequence into later Babylonian accounting or a reform/conversion rule. Dynastic collapse alone would not establish unit termination.Research adjudication; absence of a current graph descendant does not establish extinction. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Ramesside copper-deben value reckoning Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo cessation or terminal conversion established by this bounded source pass. Latest inspected observation is not an ending date. Dated later local accounts showing persistence, redefinition or disappearance of copper-deben valuation; never use New Kingdom political end as automatic currency termination.Research adjudication; absence of a current graph descendant does not establish extinction. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolved | Main path to a modern endpoint Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence |
| Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo cessation or terminal conversion established by this bounded source pass. Latest inspected observation is not an ending date. Local seventh-century accounts and reform evidence establishing relation to dinar accounting; separately, continuity into later Byzantine nomisma/hyperpyron. Neither conquest nor a surviving solidus coin proves conversion.Research adjudication; absence of a current graph descendant does not establish extinction. | Main path to a modern endpoint Frankish denier–livre reckoning → Visigothic solidus accounting |
| Ur III Girsu barley-gur reckoning Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Ur III Umma silver-shekel reckoning Ancient account units — disconnected | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Saudi riyal Arabian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Qatar and Dubai riyal |
| South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar Arabian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Yemeni rial |
| Yemeni rial Arabian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Albanian gold franc / frang Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Albanian lek |
| Albanian lek Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Algerian dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Algerian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Algerian dinar → Libyan dinar |
| Belgian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Burundian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| CFA franc (BCEAO) Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Guinean franc, first unit → Malian franc → Mauritanian ouguiya |
| CFA franc (BEAC) Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| CFP franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Vanuatu vatu / New Hebrides franc |
| Comorian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Congolese franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Congolese franc, pre-1967 Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Rwanda–Burundi franc → Zaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales → Katangese franc |
| Djiboutian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| East African shilling Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Kenyan shilling → Tanzanian shilling → Ugandan shilling → Somali shilling → Ethiopian birr → South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar |
| Eastern Swiss Reichswährung gulden (contract unit) Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Swiss franc |
| Eritrean nakfa Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ethiopian birr Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Eritrean nakfa |
| Federal Yugoslav / Serbian dinar — successor continuity Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| French Somaliland CFA franc Carolingian pound | Ending / replacement documented · 1949Evidence and limitsResident monetary accounts converted to Djibouti francs by law.Arts1,5–6 | Main path to a modern endpoint Djiboutian franc |
| French franc — 1795 to euro conversion Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements → CFP franc → Malagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase → CFA franc (BCEAO) → CFA franc (BEAC) → French Somaliland CFA franc → Bulgarian lev |
| Guinean franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Guinean franc, first unit Carolingian pound | Ending / replacement documented · 1972Evidence and limitsGuineanfirstfranc ends through syli succession,not familyextinction.PDF31,Guinea amendment | Main path to a modern endpoint Guinean syli |
| Iraqi dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Israeli new shekel Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Israeli pound Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Israeli new shekel |
| Italian lira Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements → Tripolitanian Military Authority lira |
| Jordanian dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Katangese franc Carolingian pound | Ending / replacement documented · 1963 | Dated return to a surviving line Congolese franc, pre-1967 |
| Kenyan shilling Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Kuwaiti dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Libyan dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Macedonian denar — national continuity Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Malagasy ariary Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Malagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Malagasy ariary → Comorian franc |
| Malawi kwacha Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Malawi pound Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Malawi kwacha |
| Mauritanian ouguiya Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Moroccan dirham Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Moroccan franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Moroccan dirham |
| Palestine pound Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Jordanian dinar → Israeli pound |
| Postwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Croatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency → Slovenian tolar → Federal Yugoslav / Serbian dinar — successor continuity → Macedonian denar — national continuity → Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar |
| Rwandan franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Rwanda–Burundi franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Rwandan franc → Burundian franc |
| Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Serbian dinar — occupation-era currency |
| Somali shilling Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Southern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Malawi pound → Zambian pound |
| Swiss franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tanzanian shilling Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tunisian dinar Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tunisian franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Tunisian dinar |
| Ugandan shilling Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Vanuatu vatu / New Hebrides franc Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Zaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Congolese franc |
| Zambian kwacha Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Zambian pound Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Zambian kwacha |
| Zurich gulden account unit Carolingian pound | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Swiss franc |
| Angolan angolar Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 1958Evidence and limitsAngolar became escudo again in December1958.Glossary p8 | Main path to a modern endpoint Angolan escudo |
| Angolan escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Angolan kwanza |
| Angolan kwanza Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Argentine peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Argentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Austral |
| Austral Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Argentine peso |
| Barbados dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Bermudian dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Boliviano Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Peso boliviano |
| Boliviano Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Brazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Brazilian real |
| Brazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Brazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity |
| Brazilian real Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Brazilian real (réis) Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Brazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency → Uruguayan peso |
| British Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Trinidad and Tobago dollar → Guyana dollar → Barbados dollar |
| British Columbia decimal dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Canadian dollar |
| British Honduras / Belize dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Brunei dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Buenos Aires peso moneda corriente Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Argentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity |
| Canadian dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Cape Verdean escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Chilean escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Chilean peso |
| Chilean peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Chilean escudo |
| Chilean peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Colombian peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Panamanian balboa |
| Confederate dollar Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 1865Evidence and limitsConfederate currency became worthless in 1865; no general successor conversion is established. Judicial recovery of the historical value of a private debt is not currency redemption.pp. 1–3 and 12–14; November 28, 1864 note; distinction between Confederate and lawful US dollars | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Costa Rican colón Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Costa Rican peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Costa Rican colón |
| Cuban peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Cuban peso |
| Córdoba oro Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Dominican peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ecuadorian sucre Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 2000Evidence and limitsEcuador adopted dollar accounting in 2000; the reported final cash-exchange deadline was 8 June 2001. Residual redemption is separate from active unit replacement.II.A, printed6–7 | Main path to a modern endpoint United States dollar |
| Guatemalan peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Guatemalan quetzal → British Honduras / Belize dollar |
| Guatemalan quetzal Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Guyana dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Haitian gourde Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Halifax pound of account Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Honduran lempira Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Honduran real / peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Honduran lempira |
| Inti Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Peruvian sol |
| Lao kip Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Liberian dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Malaysian dollar / ringgit Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Mauritius colonial dollar accounting Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 1877Evidence and limitsLocal dollars were converted to rupees at two rupees per dollar effective1January1877.Printed p.175 | Main path to a modern endpoint Mauritian rupee |
| Mexican peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Straits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar → Hong Kong dollar → Philippine peso, twentieth-century reform lineage → Macao pataca → Indochinese piastre |
| Mozambican escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Mozambican metical |
| Mozambican metical Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| New Brunswick decimal dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| New Brunswick pound of account Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Newfoundland dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Nicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Córdoba oro |
| Nicaraguan peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Nicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale |
| Nova Scotia decimal dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Canadian dollar |
| Panamanian balboa Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Paraguayan guaraní Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Paraguayan peso fuerte Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Paraguayan guaraní |
| Peruvian libra — principal account unit Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 1930Evidence and limitsLaw6746converted existing libra obligations to soles oro.Printed6 | Main path to a modern endpoint Sol de oro |
| Peruvian sol Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Peruvian sol — nineteenth-century account unit Castilian real | Ending / replacement documented · 1901–1903Evidence and limitsPrincipal-unit replacement occurred in1901; existing silver-sol obligations retained a two-year transitional settlement provision before required pound settlement.Article1 and transitory article3 | Main path to a modern endpoint Peruvian libra — principal account unit |
| Peso boliviano Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Boliviano |
| Philippine peso, twentieth-century reform lineage Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Portuguese escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements → Mozambican escudo → São Tomé escudo → Guinea-Bissau peso → Angolan angolar |
| Portuguese real Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Portuguese escudo → Cape Verdean escudo → Brazilian real (réis) |
| Prince Edward Island decimal dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Canadian dollar |
| Prince Edward Island pound of account Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Prince Edward Island decimal dollar |
| Royal / Vientiane kip Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Lao kip |
| Salvadoran colón Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Singapore dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Sol de oro Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Inti |
| South Vietnamese đồng Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Vietnamese đồng |
| Spanish peseta Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements → Equatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele |
| Spanish real / peso de a ocho Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint United States dollar → Colombian peso → Mexican peso → Salvadoran colón → Haitian gourde → Uruguayan peso → Buenos Aires peso moneda corriente → British Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar → Mauritius colonial dollar accounting → Nicaraguan peso → Guatemalan peso → Honduran real / peso → Ecuadorian sucre → Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting → Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity |
| Straits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Singapore dollar → Malaysian dollar / ringgit → Brunei dollar → Riau Islands rupiah |
| São Tomé dobra Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| São Tomé escudo Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint São Tomé dobra |
| Trinidad and Tobago dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| United States dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Dominican peso → Zimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency → Liberian dollar → Confederate dollar |
| Uruguayan peso Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Vancouver Island decimal dollar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint British Columbia decimal dollar |
| Venezolano Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Venezuelan bolívar |
| Venezuelan bolívar Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Vietnamese đồng Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), 2024 introduction Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Zimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency Castilian real | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), 2024 introduction |
| Cambodian riel East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Cambodian riel before abolition East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Chinese customs gold unit East Asian lineages | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Mongolian tögrög → Jinan yuan → Harbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting |
| Haikwan customs tael East Asian lineages | Ending / replacement documented · 1933 | No modern path recorded Chinese customs gold unit |
| Harbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting East Asian lineages | Ending unresolved | Main path to a modern endpoint Manchukuo yuan |
| Hong Kong dollar East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Japanese mon East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Japanese ryō East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Japanese yen |
| Japanese silver monme / ginme accounting East Asian lineages | Ending / replacement documented · 1868Evidence and limitsAccount-unit abolition: Administrative Proclamation 381 prohibited silver-denominated loans and required conversion into gold or cash reckoning at the transaction-day rate. Later 1868 order specified gold-denominated government notes.PDF43,section2-2ロ; note159 cites法令全書明治元年p158 | Main path to a modern endpoint Japanese ryō → Japanese mon |
| Japanese yen East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Taiwan dollar → Korean yen / won before the North–South currency separation |
| Jinan yuan East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Renminbi |
| Korean yen / won before the North–South currency separation East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint North Korean won → South Korean hwan |
| Macao pataca East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Manchukuo yuan East Asian lineages | Ending unresolved | Main path to a modern endpoint Northeast Chinese yuan accounting |
| Mongolian tögrög East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| North Korean won East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Northeast Chinese yuan accounting East Asian lineages | Ending / replacement documented · 1951Evidence and limitsStatutory account replacement effective1April1951; instrument redemption continued afterward.Order article2 and PBC implementation notice | Main path to a modern endpoint Renminbi |
| Qin cash (qian) fiscal accounting East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Renminbi East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Shanghai tael East Asian lineages | Ending / replacement documented · 1933 | Main path to a modern endpoint Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity |
| South Korean hwan East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint South Korean won |
| South Korean won East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Taiwan dollar East Asian lineages | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tang cash / guan accounting East Asian lineages | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Tibetan tangka accounting East Asian lineages | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Amsterdam bank florin / bank guilder European predecessor branches | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Austrian krone — post-imperial currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency |
| Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint German mark — 1871–1948 continuity |
| Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency |
| Croatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Croatian kuna — 1994 currency |
| Czechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna → Slovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency |
| East German mark — 1948 currency and later names European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Deutsche Mark |
| Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity |
| Genoese commercial lira — lira fuori banco European predecessor branches | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsActual final account-unit use remains unestablished. Legal accounting prohibition; practical use persisted, so not final actual use.Appendix pp.194–195; Appendix p.197 | Main path to a modern endpoint Italian lira |
| Genoese lira di banco European predecessor branches | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Genoese lira di permesso European predecessor branches | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Greek phoenix European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Modern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity |
| Hamburg mark banco European predecessor branches | Ending / replacement documented · 1873 | Main path to a modern endpoint German mark — 1871–1948 continuity |
| Hungarian korona — post-imperial account unit European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Hungarian pengő |
| Latvian lats — interwar currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Dated return to a surviving line Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity |
| Latvian ruble — 1919-era currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Dated return to a surviving line Latvian lats — interwar currency |
| Latvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Latvian lats — restored 1993 currency |
| Lithuanian litas — interwar currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity |
| Lithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Lithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency |
| Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Italian lira |
| Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity |
| Romanian leu European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Serbian dinar — occupation-era currency European predecessor branches | Ending / replacement documented · 1945 | Main path to a modern endpoint Postwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations |
| Slovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency |
| South German florin — nineteenth-century unit European predecessor branches | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint German mark — 1871–1948 continuity |
| Tripolitanian Military Authority lira European predecessor branches | Ending / replacement documented · 1952 | Main path to a modern endpoint Libyan dinar |
| Venetian banco ducat — Banco del Giro accounts European predecessor branches | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Equatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint CFA franc (BEAC) |
| Frankish denier–livre reckoning France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Livre tournois → Livre parisis → Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting → Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting → Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting → Aragonese Jaca account money |
| Guinea-Bissau peso France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint CFA franc (BCEAO) |
| Guinean syli France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Guinean franc |
| Helvetic franc, 1799 France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Swiss franc |
| Livre parisis France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Livre tournois France and western antecedents | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint French franc — 1795 to euro conversion |
| Malian franc France and western antecedents | Ending / replacement documented · 1984 | Dated return to a surviving line CFA franc (BCEAO) |
| Aruban florin Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Austrian gulden — pre-1892 unit Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Austro-Hungarian krone |
| Austrian schilling — postwar currency Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Austro-Hungarian krone Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Austrian krone — post-imperial currency → Czechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency → Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom → Hungarian korona — post-imperial account unit |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Bosnian convertible mark |
| Bosnian convertible mark Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Curaçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Aruban florin |
| Czech koruna — 1993 currency Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Czech koruna — 1993 currency → Slovak koruna — 1993 currency |
| Danish krone Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Icelandic króna |
| Danish rigsdaler Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Danish krone |
| Danzig gulden Guldengroschen | Ending / replacement documented · 1939Evidence and limitsAbsorbed into existing German-mark currency lineage, not an unconverted dead-end.p.49, Danzig, Free City of, opening and Present legal provisions; p.947, currency reorganization of former Free City of Danzig; decrees 1 September 1939 (RGBl I 1567) and 7 September 1939 (RGBl I 1691) | Dated return to a surviving line German mark — 1871–1948 continuity |
| Deutsche Mark Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Dutch guilder (euro predecessor) Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements → Curaçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder → Surinamese guilder → Amsterdam bank florin / bank guilder → Luxembourg franc |
| Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Turkish lira → Romanian leu |
| German mark — 1871–1948 continuity Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Lithuanian litas — interwar currency → Austrian schilling — postwar currency → Deutsche Mark → East German mark — 1948 currency and later names → Danzig gulden → Polish mark → Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon |
| Hungarian forint Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Hungarian pengő Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Hungarian forint |
| Icelandic króna Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Indonesian rupiah Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Norwegian krone Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Norwegian speciedaler Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Norwegian krone |
| Polish mark Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Polish złoty |
| Polish złoty Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Prussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint German mark — 1871–1948 continuity |
| Riau Islands rupiah Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Indonesian rupiah |
| Surinamese dollar Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Surinamese guilder Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Surinamese dollar |
| Swedish krona Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Swedish riksdaler specie Guldengroschen | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Swedish krona |
| Aragonese Jaca account money Iberian account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo complete account-unit termination established in this pass.See account observation. | Main path to a modern endpoint Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting |
| Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsInspected late contracts retain libra wording alongside peseta valuation; a completed general termination is not established. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting Iberian account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Spanish escudo —1864 account unit |
| Cordoban dinar-dirham accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo inspected record establishes abolition or conversion into a later unit.p118 section2.2 | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Galician solidus accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo complete account-unit termination established in this pass.See account observation. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Granadan dirham–dinar / pesante reckoning Iberian account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Mallorcan account money Iberian account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting Iberian account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsGeneral account replacement does not extinguish all old libra-denominated obligations;1473 adjustment evidence shows their persistence.1473adjustment paragraphs | Main path to a modern endpoint Portuguese real |
| Spanish escudo —1864 account unit Iberian account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Spanish peseta |
| Valencian account money Iberian account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Visigothic solidus accounting Iberian account systems | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Central Mexican quachtli reckoning Indigenous American account systems | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo final termination of this account unit has been established. Documented note withdrawal or absence of a modern path is insufficient.See source locators for dated observations, which are not complete lifespans. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Southern New England wampum reckoning Indigenous American account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Tlaxcala cacao account unit Indigenous American account systems | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Iranian rial Iranian histories | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions Iranian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Iranian rial |
| Sasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning Iranian histories | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded Pratihara / Siyadoni dramma accounting |
| Egyptian pound Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Libyan dinar → Syrian pound → Sudanese pound before the dinar → Palestine pound |
| Lebanese pound Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ottoman Levantine sultani gold account Ottoman | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNeither cessation of coin production nor the latest admitted account proves termination of obligations.Printed pp. 195–196, n. 439; Damascus court record D-1-38-2 | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Serbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions Ottoman | Ending / replacement documented · 1878–1879Evidence and limitsSerbian groš accounts were converted into dinar accounts under the 1878 law, implemented in 1879; residual contract and redemption details are not completely audited.pp101–102 | Main path to a modern endpoint Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity |
| South Sudanese pound Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Sudanese dinar Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Sudanese pound |
| Sudanese pound Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint South Sudanese pound |
| Sudanese pound before the dinar Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Sudanese dinar |
| Syrian pound Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Lebanese pound |
| Turkish lira Ottoman | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Saudi riyal → Serbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions |
| Armenian dram Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Azerbaijani manat Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Belarusian ruble Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Georgian coupon Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Georgian lari |
| Georgian lari Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Kazakhstani tenge Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Kyrgyzstani som Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Moldovan cupon Ruble | Ending / replacement documented · 1993 | Main path to a modern endpoint Moldovan leu |
| Moldovan leu Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Estonian kroon — restored 1992 currency → Latvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency → Lithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 → Armenian dram → Azerbaijani manat → Belarusian ruble → Kyrgyzstani som → Kazakhstani tenge → Turkmen manat → Finnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity → Ukrainian karbovanets → Georgian coupon → Uzbekistani sum-coupon → Tajikistani ruble → Moldovan cupon → Latvian ruble — 1919-era currency |
| Tajikistani ruble Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Tajikistani somoni |
| Tajikistani somoni Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Turkmen manat Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ukrainian hryvnia Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ukrainian karbovanets Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Ukrainian hryvnia |
| Uzbekistani sum Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Uzbekistani sum-coupon Ruble | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Uzbekistani sum |
| Afghan afghani Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Afghan rupee — Kabuli account unit Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Afghan afghani |
| Bahraini dinar Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint UAE dirham |
| Bangladeshi taka Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Bhutanese ngultrum Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Bombay xeraphin accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Calcutta sicca rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Indian rupee |
| Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Maldivian rufiyaa |
| Cochin panam / fanam accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee Rupee | Ending unresolved | Main path to a modern endpoint Indian rupee |
| Indian rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Kenya and Uganda florin → Pakistani rupee → Kuwaiti dinar → Bahraini dinar → Omani rial — Saidi and Omani naming stages → Iraqi dinar → Bhutanese ngultrum → Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee → Myanmar kyat → Mauritian rupee → Qatar and Dubai riyal → German East African rupee–pesa accounting |
| Kenya and Uganda florin Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint East African shilling |
| Madras pagoda–fanam accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Indian rupee |
| Maldivian rufiyaa Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Mauritian rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Seychellois rupee |
| Mughal rupee–dam accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Calcutta sicca rupee |
| Myanmar kyat Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Nepalese 16-ganda paisa rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Nepalese rupee |
| Nepalese rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Odisha / Orissa cowrie accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Omani rial — Saidi and Omani naming stages Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Pakistani rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Bangladeshi taka |
| Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account Rupee | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsLocal contractual denomination; not all Patna coin issues. No complete account-unit termination established in this pass.Judgment paragraph1 | Main path to a modern endpoint Calcutta sicca rupee |
| Pratihara / Siyadoni dramma accounting Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Qatar and Dubai riyal Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Qatari riyal → UAE dirham |
| Qatari riyal Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Seychellois rupee Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Travancore Sirkar rupee Rupee | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| UAE dirham Rupee | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Bulgarian lev Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Croatian kuna — 1994 currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Cypriot pound Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Estonian kroon — restored 1992 currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Euro — converging national replacements Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| European Currency Unit (ECU) Single roots and euro | Ending / replacement documented · 1999 | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| European unit of account (EUA) Single roots and euro | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limits1981 conversion is documented for specified ACP assistance; universal final EUA use is not established by this sectoral act.Articles1 and3 | Main path to a modern endpoint European Currency Unit (ECU) |
| Finnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Irish pound — modern currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Latvian lats — restored 1993 currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Lithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Luxembourg franc Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Maltese pound / lira Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Modern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Slovak koruna — 1993 currency Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Slovenian tolar Single roots and euro | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Euro — converging national replacements |
| Balinese cash / pisis accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Balinese masaka accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Cambodian bat–ligature legal accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Indochinese piastre Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Royal / Vientiane kip → Cambodian riel before abolition → South Vietnamese đồng |
| Laguna kati–suwarna debt accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Old Javanese masa–suwarna accounting Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Thai baht Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Upper Burmese kyat debt reckoning Southeast Asian histories | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Australian dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Solomon Islands dollar → Papua New Guinean kina |
| Australian pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Australian dollar |
| Bahamian dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Biafran pound Sterling and early English | Ending / replacement documented · 1970–1972Evidence and limitsPostwarrecall/flatgrant wasnot proportionalconversion ofBiafrandebts. Courtrefused substitutingNigeriancurrency for1969Biafranobligation.Opening facts (February 1969 oil sale); discussion of Decree 48/1968; final paragraphs on absence of official conversion and prohibited substitution; Attributed article beginning below the page introduction; The Bank of Biafra; The first Republic of Biafra Bank note issue; final recall paragraphs before Bibliography | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Botswana pula Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Cayman Islands dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Falkland Islands pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Fiji dollar, 1969 reform Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Fiji pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Fiji dollar, 1969 reform |
| Gambian dalasi Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Gambian pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Gambian dalasi |
| Ghanaian cedis Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Ghanaian pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Ghanaian cedis |
| Irish pound — pre-1826 account unit Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Pound sterling |
| Jamaican dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Cayman Islands dollar |
| Jamaican pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Main path to a modern endpoint Jamaican dollar |
| Lesotho loti Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Namibia dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| New Jersey provincial pound of account Sterling and early English | Ending unresolved | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| New Zealand dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| New Zealand pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint New Zealand dollar → Samoan tālā |
| Nigerian naira Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Nigerian pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Nigerian naira → Biafran pound |
| Papua New Guinean kina Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Pennsylvania pound of account Sterling and early English | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo final termination of this account unit has been established. Documented note withdrawal or absence of a modern path is insufficient.See source locators for dated observations, which are not complete lifespans. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Pound Scots Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| Pound sterling Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Bahamian dollar → Bermudian dollar → Vancouver Island decimal dollar → British Columbia decimal dollar → West African Currency Board pound → Irish pound — modern currency → Tongan pound → Saint Helena pound → Falkland Islands pound → Hong Kong dollar → Maltese pound / lira → Cypriot pound → Australian pound → New Zealand pound → Fiji pound → Jamaican pound → South African pound → Southern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency |
| Saint Helena pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Samoan tālā Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Sierra Leonean leone Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Solomon Islands dollar Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| South African pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint South African rand — origin and Namibia context |
| South African rand — origin and Namibia context Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Inherited modern endpoint Botswana pula → Swazi lilangeni → Lesotho loti → Namibia dollar |
| Swazi lilangeni Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tongan paʻanga Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this passEvidence and limitsNo new lifecycle adjudication in this sweep. Existing relationships and dated observations are retained. | Inherited modern endpoint No successor established here |
| Tongan pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Tongan paʻanga |
| Virginia pound of account Sterling and early English | Ending unresolvedEvidence and limitsNo final termination of this account unit has been established. Documented note withdrawal or absence of a modern path is insufficient.See source locators for dated observations, which are not complete lifespans. | No modern path recorded No successor established here |
| West African Currency Board pound Sterling and early English | Ending not reviewed in this pass | Main path to a modern endpoint Ghanaian pound → Nigerian pound → Sierra Leonean leone → Gambian pound |
The graph has 55 components with no inherited modern endpoint, counting optional connections and dated returns. This does not prove they were distinct historical families or that they became extinct. Each needs a local succession and termination investigation.
Inspect all 202 retained withheld records. Instruments, composite labels and unresolved identities remain separate from admitted currencies.