Research bibliography

1090 source records, including preserved editions and historical IDs. Inspection notes distinguish original texts, issuer retrospectives, scholarship and limited access. A source record alone does not admit a relationship.

Search sources

Source	Bibliographic record	Inspection and limits
S01	Pasted text(2).txt Project source CSV header and data rows 1 to 433	Review notes Imported in full Preserved assertions; not independently verified
S05	FAQs Japanese Currency Bank of Japan Currency Museum Q1, Q3, Q4 and Q5	Review notes Relevant sections inspected Use questions individually; broad overview, not a reform-law facsimile
S06	Historical Events and Currencies in Use Contents Bank of Japan Currency Museum Ancient, medieval, early modern and modern named subsections	Review notes Relevant sections inspected Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration Read medieval and early-modern sections, retrieved lines38–99 and119–129, plus modern1871 summary. Not the underlying Japanese archival records.
S07	History of Japanese Paper Currency Before the Edo period National Printing Bureau Japan 1600s and 1661 entries; updated 28 March 2024	Review notes Entries inspected A first-issue claim still needs definition and catalogue support
S08	History of Japanese Paper Currency Meiji era National Printing Bureau Japan 1868, 1870 and 1871 headings; issue dates in body text	Review notes Entries inspected Commissioning and issue dates differ; headings are not always issue dates
S18	Yamada Hagaki: An Investigation of Japan’s Oldest Private Paper Currency Daishi Chieda Study of Economic History 27 (2024), pp. 202–187; introduction, sections 2–3, Figure b and note 1	Review notes Relevant text and figure transcription inspected; no original object examination One article; no independent review. Figure a caption gives 1615 while text and key give 1623. That specimen is not used for a dated event.
S19	Excavation Survey Report on the Asuka-ike Site, Monograph 71: English summary Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Summary C: East Bank Workshop 1; D(i): Gold and silver; Coinage-related artefacts	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Summary rather than the complete Japanese report. Stratigraphic dating is an interpretation; minting is not circulation.
S20	日本初期貨幣研究史略―和同開珎と富本銭・無文銀銭の評価をめぐって松村恵司 (Keiji Matsumura) IMES Discussion Paper 2004-J-14, April 2004; printed p.1 (PDF p.5)	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Author’s interpretation, not an official Bank of Japan position. English paraphrase requires specialist language review.
S21	富本銭だけじゃない！国宝奈良県飛鳥池遺跡出土品の魅力… 横須賀倫達; Agency for Cultural Affairs 8 May 2026; discussion of Fuhon-sen and the Kaiyuan model	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Modeled-on wording is interpretive. It establishes neither replacement nor an exchange ratio.
S22	唐「開元通宝」 [Tang: Kaiyuan Tongbao] MIHO Museum Object heading, date and ownership lines	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Private collection, not museum ownership; no accession number displayed. Webpage ID is not an object identifier.
S23	経塚―56億7000万年のタイムカプセル― 作品リスト Tokyo National Museum Japanese object list: 開元通宝, E-7569	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Twelfth-century context and type’s first minting in 621 must not become an individual manufacture date. Burial is not proof of circulation.
S24	中世の埋蔵銭 [Medieval buried coins] Toyama City archaeological centre, Board of Education 八尾町高善寺地内〔昭和59(1984)年出土〕; July 2023 identification status	Review notes Relevant passages inspected; no physical object examination Partial identification census dated July 2023, not a complete or current inventory. Deposit purpose and monetary use remain separate questions.
S25	Radiocarbon-dating an early minting site: the emergence of standardised coinage in China Hao Zhao et al. Abstract, two paragraphs; Antiquity 95(383), 2021, pp.1161–1178	Review notes Abstract and bibliographic record inspected; full text not consulted Date is the authors’ approximate site-level result. Samples, model and confidence intervals require full-text review. No global origin claim is adopted.
S26	Banliang coin National Museum of China Object heading: Qin(221–206 BC); diameter and weight line	Review notes Complete short catalogue entry inspected No accession number or findspot supplied. Period attribution and reported mass do not establish a universal mint standard.
S27	Banliang Coins, JK380-3 Kyoto National Museum Overview; Museum No.; Period; set caveat	Review notes Complete entry inspected Period says Qin but numeric year, quantity and findspot are blank. Entry may represent an item or set; present museum location is not ancient circulation evidence.
S28	Banliang Bank of Korea Money Museum Description, third paragraph (liang and zhu)	Review notes Description inspected Nominal unit explanation, not measured specimen mass. First-issue chronology in the opening paragraph is not adopted without specialist review.
S29	On the Function of Cowries in Shang and Western Zhou China Yung-ti Li Article abstract only; Journal of East Asian Archaeology 5(1–4), 2003, pp.1–26	Review notes Abstract inspected; full text not available in inspected page Records the author’s argument, not established consensus. The paper’s textual examples and subsequent scholarship remain to be inspected. Citation snippets below the abstract are not used.
S30	Echizen Fukui hansatsu, silver 5 monme National Printing Bureau, Banknote and Postage Stamp Museum Object description and issue-date table	Review notes Relevant text inspected; image inscription inspected only where specified c.1665 is the selected object attribution; 1661 concerns earlier surviving issues. No accession supplied; Japanese paraphrase awaits review.
S31	National banknote, old type, 20 yen National Printing Bureau, Banknote and Postage Stamp Museum Object heading, issue-date table, reverse image issuer inscription	Review notes Relevant text inspected; image inscription inspected only where specified 1873 is the catalogue issue date, not a separately established manufacture date for the illustrated sheet. No accession supplied. Image inspected but not reproduced.
S32	A History of the Bank of Japan, 1882–2016 Masato Shizume WINPEC Working Paper E1719, October 2017; printed pp.4–5, 14, 17, 19, 21	Review notes Relevant text inspected; image inscription inspected only where specified Selected passages inspected; not an official Bank of Japan position. Exchange regimes are historical context, not investment guidance or ancestry.
S33	Who issues Japanese banknotes? Bank of Japan History sections (1) and (3)	Review notes Relevant text inspected; image inscription inspected only where specified Separate bank establishment, first note issue and withdrawal of competing notes. Broad sole-issuer wording must not erase overlap before 1899.
S34	Bank of Japan Notes and Coins Currently Issued Bank of Japan 1,000 Yen Note: Kitasato portrait, first issue July 3, 2024	Review notes Relevant text inspected; image inscription inspected only where specified Current listing inspected on access date. A new design is not a new monetary unit. No image rights assumed.
S35	Radiocarbon-dating an early minting site: main text republished by Vietnam National Museum of History Hao Zhao et al.; host: Vietnam National Museum of History Minting evidence; Radiocarbon-dating the Guanzhuang mint; Discussion	Review notes Main-text passages inspected, including dating argument; supplementary tables and model code not inspected Same study as S25, not independent corroboration. Publication body is now consulted; raw dating data/model remain to audit. No worldwide priority claim adopted.
S36	Cowrie Use and Social Differentiation in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BCE): Archaeological Evidence From the Zhouyuan Region Yuanyuan Zhang et al. Abstract; International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 35(6), 571–583; first published 11 November 2025	Review notes Abstract inspected; full-text link returned abstract; supplementary spreadsheet not inspected Attributed study results only. Mortuary distribution does not establish everyday payment or settle all Shang/Western Zhou monetary functions.
S37	盗铸梦的终结 [The end of illicit minting] Chen Chengjun; National Museum of China Main text paragraphs 1–3; from 文物里的古代中国, middle volume	Review notes Complete short essay inspected in Chinese Historical synthesis, not original edicts. English paraphrases need language review; early San Zhu episodes must not be confused with the 119 BCE reissue.
S38	Stone mould for Qi da dao coin National Museum of China Object heading and period line	Review notes Complete short entry inspected No accession or findspot supplied. Period attribution belongs to a mould; it does not date first issuance or circulation of every Qi knife coin.
S39	Bronze shell coins National Museum of China State of Chu heading; first descriptive paragraph	Review notes Relevant description inspected Selected Chu type and institutional circulation statement. Do not infer that natural shells everywhere were currency, or adopt every broad origin claim on this page.
S40	半两 [Banliang] National Museum of China Opening sentence	Review notes Complete short entry inspected in Chinese An attributed exact first-mintage chronology; underlying historical/archaeological basis not supplied. Compare S41; do not merge exact dates and upper bounds.
S41	中国古代钱币展 [Ancient Chinese Money exhibition] National Museum of China Banliang and Shanglin Sanguan Wuzhu exhibit captions	Review notes Relevant caption text inspected Banliang caption gives a no-later-than bound, not a second exact onset. No global priority or continuous-duration claim adopted. Chinese translation pending review.
S42	五铢铜钱 [Wuzhu copper coin] National Museum of China Description: Shanglin reform and change to Kaiyuan in Wude 4	Review notes Complete short description inspected Family-level reform account. No inference that every Wuzhu issue or locality changed at once; elapsed-year totals are not used as continuous circulation evidence.
S43	New Research on the Origin of Cowries in Ancient China Ke Peng and Yanshi Zhu; Sino-Platonic Papers 68 (1995) Printed pp. 5–8; PDF pp. 7–10	Review notes Full PDF accessed; data-selection and Neolithic discussion inspected Older synthesis and cultural dating, not direct dates of shell payments. Original excavation reports not independently audited.
S44	王莽钱币 [Wang Mang coinage] National Museum of China Reform chronology, main paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Historical synthesis; original legislation and translations await independent review.
S45	成都“交子”产生的信任机制与“官方交子”发行的历史意义 He Ping; Renmin University; hosted by NOPSS Private jiaozi, feiqian distinction, official office/issuance sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Author interpretation attributed; worldwide-first and general theories of money are not adopted.
S46	会子版 [Huizi printing plate] National Museum of China Object description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected 1160 is the museum chronology; do not infer all Song territories used one paper currency.
S47	至元通行宝钞 [Zhiyuan notes] National Museum of China Issue chronology and denomination ratio	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Adopt 1287 and stated 5:1 rating only; broad exclusive-currency claim not adopted.
S48	“花银一十两”银锭 [Ten-liang silver ingot] National Museum of China Main description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected 1383 is the specimen attribution; neither silver first use nor a universal tael mass.
S49	大清宝钞 [Great Qing notes] National Museum of China Inscription and onset statement	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Entry leaves first issue at 1853 or 1854; specimen says Xianfeng 4. Preserve uncertainty.
S50	Guide to Currency Issuance in Taiwan Central Bank of China, Issue Department (1998) English preface, PDF pages 7–9	Review notes Downloaded image-only PDF; English preface visually read Historical 1998 catalogue, not current law. Download contains front matter only; later chapters not inspected. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Downloaded image-only PDF; English preface visually read
S51	四萬換一元：新臺幣的發行與流通 Hsu Feng-yuan; National Archives Administration, Taiwan (2019) 1946 issuance, 1948 reform, 1949 conversion, offshore-note sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Archive-based essay; linked original documents not separately audited. Read relevant narrative and archive captions. 1946 May22 authorization; banknote exchange September–November. Narrative establishes instrument succession and separate Taiwan exchange rates; does not independently establish old obligation denomination or an account discontinuity in1946. Underlying pictured document not transcribed.
S52	中国货币 [Chinese currency] State Council information republished by Hong Kong Liaison Office (2014) First and second RMB series paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Used for 1948/1955 historical milestones only. Its current-series description is outdated.
S53	Hong Kong Currency Hong Kong Museum of History (1993) Historical overview, 1841–1937; occupation paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Historical publication; not a current denomination list. Occupation narrative does not prove every transaction used military notes.
S54	Linked Exchange Rate System Hong Kong Monetary Authority Opening paragraph; revised 27 June 2024	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Current band is not retroactively imposed on 1983. Read implementation date and operational currency-board band. The 7.75–7.85 band is a later observed configuration, not retroactively assigned to 1983. No assertion of a uniform retail conversion rate.
S55	Edifício sede do BNU: 100 anos a pulsar no coração de Macau João F. O. Botas; Macao Government Information Bureau (2026) Entrada em Macau	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected 1901 agreement, 1905 issuing function and 1906 notes are distinct milestones. Denomination list not adopted.
S56	Monetary and Financial Stability Review Monetary Authority of Macao, Research and Statistics Department (2010) Printed pp. 37–38; information as at 9 January 2010	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Historical 1.03 peg observation; exact inception and all subsequent legal amendments not inferred.
S57	Regulations Governing the Issuance of New Taiwan Dollar Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Articles 1, 2, 3 and 6	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Issuer provisions; no new 2000 redenomination inferred.
S58	Two Patacas Salsa Mazlan; IMF Finance & Development, June 2025 Historical background	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Institutional explanatory article, not the banknote-issuance contracts.
S59	四川省造1盧比幣 [Sichuan rupee], accession 36006 National Museum of History; Taiwan Ministry of Culture Catalogue description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Regional Sichuan/Tibetan circulation; not all Tibetan currencies or a universal redemption rate.
S60	中央銀行發行法幣壹仟圓紙鈔 [1,000-yuan fabi note] National Museum of Taiwan History Accession 2013.002.0020; description paragraphs 1–2	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected 1945 object attribution separate from 1935 currency reform. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant body passages inspected
S61	熠熠千年：中国货币史中的白银 [Silver in Chinese monetary history] Shanghai Museum (2019) Silver monetization, foreign dollars and late Qing/early Republic reform paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected Broad institutional interpretation; no single universal tael standard or exclusive silver-use onset adopted.
S11	A History of the Canadian Dollar James Powell; Bank of Canada Printed pages 23 to 24; PDF pages 29 to 30; 2005 edition	Review notes Relevant pages inspected Follow its footnotes to currency laws and cited scholarship
S62	Sigismund: Guldiner, Hall, 1486; object 18204700 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Object description and thaler glossary	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 1486 is the dated type; actual striking could be later. Glossary gives 1519 for Joachimsthal, unlike CNB 1520.
S63	Boemund II florin; object 18254286 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Florin background	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 1252 is the Florentine prototype chronology, not this Trier specimen date or the birth of the dollar.
S64	People and Money exhibition brochure Czech National Bank PDF p. 5, Joachimsthaler	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Gives 1520; onset discrepancy with Berlin remains open.
S65	El real Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Main historical description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Regional early-fourteenth-century context, not proof of one exact first issue.
S66	El real de a ocho. Una moneda para el mundo Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Sixteenth-century and world-trade paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Do not adopt its sweeping exclusivity claim about all payments in China.
S67	History of Mexican Currency Banco de México PDF pp. 6–10, 19, 22–23, 50	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log First Mexico pieces apparently 1536; not first eight-reales issue. Selected milestones, not all mints or rebel issues.
S68	A 30 años de la introducción del nuevo peso Banco de México, archive blog 1992 decree, 1993 conversion, 1996 name change	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S69	Lion’s dollar, Dutch Republic; NG-C-2019-31 Rijksmuseum / De Nederlandsche Bank Object date and description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 1589 is this specimen. Do not treat erroneous zero-weight metadata as a coin standard or imply exclusive USD ancestry.
S70	Coinage Act, 2 April 1792, 1 Stat. 246 United States Congress; GovInfo facsimile Sections 9, 11, 20; pp. 248–249	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Statutory fine/gross weights, not market prices. Facsimile pages visually inspected.
S71	Dollar Coins United States Mint 1794 first dollar paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S72	Independence and Continental Currency Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco 1775 Continental issuance	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Use for issuance, not a blanket interpretation of all notes as irredeemable fiat.
S73	50 Dollars, Continental Congress, 1778; nmah_1803808 Smithsonian National Museum of American History Obverse transcription and object date	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Printed promise is not evidence of payment in full; specimen is not the first Continental issue.
S74	Funding Act of 1790 United States Congress; FRASER Sections 3–4, pp. 139–140	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 100:1 is a valuation for subscribing to funded debt, not immediate cash redemption into modern USD.
S75	Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage, 1792–1903 United States government compilation; FRASER Acts of 1834, 1837, 1857, 1873, 1876, 1878, 1900, 1903	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log OCR checked against statutory structure; preserve fine/gross weight and instrument-specific legal-tender distinctions.
S76	H.R. 240, Legal Tender Act, 25 February 1862 U.S. Capitol Visitor Center Artifact description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Exceptions to legal tender are material; no claim this created the dollar unit.
S77	National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 Federal Reserve History Charters, bond backing, state-note tax	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S78	Cash Services Federal Reserve History Historical note families and 1914 issuance	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Different dollar notes coexisted; not serial replacement of every currency.
S79	Roosevelt’s Gold Program Federal Reserve History 1900, 1933 and 1934 regime discussion	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S80	Bretton Woods Launched Federal Reserve History Official $35 gold link; 1971 suspension and 1973 floating	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Distinguish official foreign conversion from domestic public convertibility.
S81	British trade dollar Royal Mint Museum Description and illustrated pattern	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Illustrated .925 pattern is not the .900 issued coin.
S82	History of Singapore’s currency National Library Board, Singapore Foreign coin, Straits, Malayan and postwar sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Selected issue chronology; 1899 note date used with attribution. Occupation notes did not erase all prewar legal status.
S83	Straits Settlements Currency, 26 November 1906 UK House of Commons, Hansard Minister’s reply	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Adopt fixed 2s 4d rate; a discussed fineness/weight reform is not proof of actual issue.
S84	History of Philippine Money Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Spanish, Revolutionary, American, occupation and Republic sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Generic barter-origin and prosperity claims not adopted. No unsupported 1852 date inferred.
S85	Hong Kong coinage Hong Kong Monetary Authority PDF p. 2 / printed p. 19	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 1863 coin date and 1864 arrival differ; a gap in dollar coins does not end the HKD currency.
S86	广东省造光绪元宝七钱三分银币 National Museum of China Trial-coin description	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log 1889 trial, 7 mace 3 candareens; not a universal tael standard or a demonstrated first circulating dollar.
S87	清代户部造币总厂的前世今生 [History of the Qing Ministry of Revenue mint] Li Yunqi (李蕴祺), 2019; China Cultural Relics Information Network, republished by Chinese Social Sciences Network Section III, 1910 regulations and December 1914 minting paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Limited to reform and production chronology; sweeping claims of unique success are not adopted. Article date 2019 differs from the 2022 URL path.
S88	Significant milestones in the Malaysian foreign exchange market Bank Negara Malaysia 1967 and 1973 entries	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Announcement, ending interchangeability and floating are different events; dollar/ringgit are not assumed successive scales.
S89	Currency interchangeability and Brunei currency history Brunei Darussalam Central Bank 1967 agreement and customary-tender paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Customary tender is not foreign legal tender or a currency union.
S90	Brunei–Singapore Currency Interchangeability Agreement Monetary Authority of Singapore Agreement and par exchange provisions	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Bank/authority interchangeability; not guaranteed acceptance by every merchant.
S91	Annual Report 1966: Introduction Reserve Bank of Australia Decimal conversion paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S92	Annual Report 1966: Other Activities Reserve Bank of Australia Note Issue	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Issue date and withdrawal process, not instantaneous disappearance of all old cash.
S93	Money in the Australian Economy Reserve Bank of Australia, Bulletin September 2018 Box A	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Early Spanish coin use and later sterling institutions do not prove an unbroken dollar unit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S94	Preparing for decimal currency Reserve Bank of New Zealand museum Changeover date and ratio	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S95	50 Years of Fiji’s Currency Reserve Bank of Fiji 1969 changeover	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Gradual withdrawal; earlier private Fijian dollar instruments remain a separate extension.
S96	Our History Central Bank of Solomon Islands 1976 authority and October 1977 currency	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Exact conversion not inferred from replacement alone.
S97	Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2014–2015 Eastern Caribbean Central Bank p. 145, historical chronology	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Publisher-hosted report used; blocked main-site history and unrelated proxy copies not evidence.
S98	Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics, 24 September 2025 Deutsche Bundesbank PDF pp. 10, 20, 30, 78, 171, 188, 245	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical reference, not a 2026 legal-status audit. Only selected country milestones used. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S99	History of Jamaican Currency Bank of Jamaica Decimalization section	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S100	Brief History Bank of Guyana 1965 notes and 1967 coin issue	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S101	Past Banknotes Central Bank of Barbados Pre-1973 and national banknote history	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S102	Fixed for Forty-One Years Central Bank of Barbados 5 July 1975 peg	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S103	Bermuda Monetary Authority: Celebrating 50 Years Bermuda Monetary Authority 31 July 1972 dollar parity	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S104	History of Belize Currency Central Bank of Belize 1894 local notes and gold basis	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Do not merge British Honduras/Belize with BCCB automatically. Full relevantbody inspected. Source documents mixedcirculation, not explicit sterlingobligationconversion. Apparent timeline discrepancy1884notes versus1894paperprevents treating everydate as firm.
S105	De Surinaamse dollar Centrale Bank van Suriname 2004 reform and exceptions	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Coins and muntbiljetten retained nominal values; ordinary 1000:1 conversion is not universal across instruments.
S106	Explore Currency Bank of Namibia 1993 introduction and rand link	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Historical evidence only; current legal status and every intervening amendment are not inferred.
S107	The Impact of Foreign Exchange Intervention on Liberian Dollar Money Supply (2006–2015), WP 01/2016 Mounir Siaplay, Jefferson S. N. Kambo and John M. Collins; Central Bank of Liberia PDF pp. 4–5, history	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Attributed working-paper synthesis, not official legal opinion. Its 1999 unification date conflicts with CBL press-release 2000; do not claim first-ever notes in 1989.
S108	CBL to Issue New Bank Notes Soon Central Bank of Liberia 2000 unification paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Source conflict retained; not a universal conversion ratio.
S109	IMF Executive Board concludes 2009 Article IV consultation with Zimbabwe International Monetary Fund, PIN 09/53 2008 collapse and early-2009 multicurrency paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Publication concerns 2009 despite migrated URL date; not USD-only adoption.
S110	Annual Report 2024 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Printed p. 5; pp. 103, 107	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Use April 2024 introduction only; financial-report restatement factors are not automatically retail conversion terms. No 2026 regime claim.
S111	La economía ecuatoriana luego de 10 años de dolarización Banco Central del Ecuador PDF p. 40 / printed p. 39	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see locators and access log Announcement, legislation and cash exchange completion are separate milestones.
S12	Guide to the French Currency Collection 1791 to 1796 University of Chicago Library Historical Note; Series I Box 1 folders 5 and 6; 2012	Review notes Historical note and inventory inspected Describes primary objects; notes themselves not inspected; legal chronology to verify
S13	Collection Dewamin inventory Service des archives économiques et financières France PDF page 16; 0Fi-0000240/85 to /88	Review notes Relevant entries inspected Catalogue paraphrases law and cites Lafaurie; not direct examination of the law
S112	Early French and German central bank charters and regulations, Occasional Paper 234 Ulrich Bindseil, September 2019 Printed pp. 56–59, 75–81	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Author research and translated primary charters, not ECB institutional views. Original French legal wording requires independent review; no later central-bank lineage added. Printed pp.17–20 and26, sections3.1–3.2 and lending ordinance clausesII–IV; text extraction. LIMIT: Historical dissolution narrative cites Levy von Halle1891; translated1619 law available and inspected, originals not visually inspected.
S113	John Law Arnaud Orain; Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2021 1716, 1719 and collapse paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Banknotes, company shares and government debt must remain distinct instruments.
S114	A history of the Franc: the key moments Irène Delage; Fondation Napoléon 1793 decimalization; quotation of 15 August 1795 law	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Secondary quotation, not inspection of original law. Later history and broad explanatory generalizations excluded; ending-date summary not adopted.
S115	Métalmorphoses: chronology Monnaie de Paris, 3 March 2017 PDF pp. 2–5, selected French monetary entries	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Exhibition overview contains simplifications and errors outside selected claims, including Joachimsthal 1486. Not a universal chronology authority; gros dating checked against object catalogue.
S116	Louis à la mèche longue; MON C 003070-22 Monnaie de Paris Date, mint, material and inventory number	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators 1640 specimen date; measured 6.77g is not a universal mint standard.
S117	Franc à cheval de Jean II le Bon; MON B 001506 Monnaie de Paris Date and creation context	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Catalogue dates object and ordinance to 1360; specimen weight is not statutory mass.
S118	Gros tournois; MON B 001133 Monnaie de Paris 1266–1270 context; denomination explanation	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Twelve-denier value scoped to this coin context, not all later gros.
S119	Les conditions du denier parisis et du denier tournois sous les premiers Capétiens Adolphe Dieudonné, Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes 81 (1920), pp. 45–60 p. 45 opening discussion	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Only opening page inspected. Older scholarly reconstruction; weight tables and precise Tours adoption dates not adopted.
S120	Charlemagne denier, Treviso; object 18245129 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Carolingian monetary background; catalogue dates 793/794–813	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Treviso specimen evidences empire-wide context, not a French mint. No invariant gram conversion inferred for the Carolingian pound.
S121	Merovingian pseudoimperial tremissis; object 18281843 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Pseudoimperial background; object c. 540–580	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Imitative attribution; no exact mint or continuous redemption chain asserted.
S122	Tremissis Migration Period between Odra and Vistula research project, University of Warsaw Late-antique fraction; Merovingian transition paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Circa 670 transition is approximate and regional, not a single universal demonetization date.
S123	Solidus Migration Period between Odra and Vistula research project, University of Warsaw Opening paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Early-fourth-century transition used broadly; disputed exact first year and later invariance not adopted.
S124	Le Cabinet des Monnaies et Médailles de Marseille: bicentenary history Ville de Marseille, 21 April 2021 Paragraph beginning Marseille entretient un lien ancien	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Late-sixth-century BCE local coinage context; no direct franc ancestry or timeless national territory implied.
S125	Loi relative aux poids et mesures, 18 Germinal an III Convention nationale; Newberry Library digitization, Internet Archive Printed p. 3, articles V and VII; title page	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Primary printed law: title and p. 3 visually inspected. Archive metadata dates this printing to 1798; the law itself is dated 18 Germinal III. Does not establish August coin specifications or a specie conversion ratio.
S126	De TVRONOS TRICCOS au différent E, la place de la monnaie de Tours Christian Theureau, 2007, pp. 367–370 p. 367	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Opening page inspected. Mint geography, account development and royal control are distinct; 919 is a documentary confirmation, not the first denier date.
S127	Numismatique. Des Carolingiens aux Capétiens Jean Lafaurie, 1970, pp. 117–137 p. 136, final paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Older scholarly synthesis; adopt bounded royal-adoption and relative-value claims, not approximate metallic reconstructions.
S128	C. Iulius Caesar and A. Hirtius, aureus, 46 BCE; 18202176 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Object date, mint and denomination	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Specimen/issue evidence, not first Roman gold coin or invariant aureus weight.
S129	The Coins of Sardis John H. Kroll; Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Early Coins; King Croesus and Coinage Reforms; Persian continuation	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Selected archaeological and succession statements. Precise earliest mint/issuer, causal reconstruction and metallurgy remain debated; no universal ancestry claim.
S130	Lydian Gold and Silver Refining Crawford H. Greenewalt Jr., with an addition by Nicholas Cahill; Sardis Expedition Refining evidence and final questions	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Later addendum qualifies the traditional Pactolus electrum story. Troad provenance and recycling are hypotheses, not settled findings.
S131	Electrum 1/6 stater, 1878,0301.384 British Museum, published on Google Arts & Culture Museum-authored description and registration number	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Museum cautions that the earliest issuers are not certain; this applies to attribution, not denial of Lydian coinage.
S132	A New Find of Croeseid Coins from Sardis Nicholas Cahill et al., Hesperia 94 (2025), pp. 143–183 pp. 143, 168, 176	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Excavation evidence and wear-based chronological interpretation; proposed early reform date is not an exact mint date.
S133	The Royal Mint and Decimalisation The Royal Mint Opening and Decimal Day sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Subdivision reform; does not create a new pound.
S134	History of the Bank of England Bank of England 1694, 1725, 1797–1821 and 1931 entries	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Only bounded institutional and convertibility statements used; broad causal explanations not adopted.
S135	Gold Standard Act 1925, chapter 29 UK Parliament, 13 May 1925 Section 1(1)–(2), PDF pp. 1–2	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Historical text as enacted; bullion access differs from coin redemption. No present legal guidance.
S136	Sovereign trial piece Royal Mint Museum Opening paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators 1817 coin succession; guinea and sovereign have different face values.
S137	Isaac Newton Royal Mint Museum Warden and Active involvement sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Report and subsequent rating distinguished; no sole-cause claim for the gold standard.
S138	Charles II Royal Mint Museum Gold coinage section	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Initial 1663 rating is not the later 1717 rating.
S139	Tudor Sovereign Royal Mint Museum 1489, 1526, 1551–53 and specifications	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Different sovereign issues and ratings must not be flattened into one permanent one-pound coin.
S140	Pounds, Shillings and Pence Royal Mint Museum Pre-decimal system, origins, and sterling sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Early transmission date and sterling etymology qualified by the source; no exact origin year assigned.
S141	Penny Royal Mint Museum Early pennies	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators High-level continuity statement; detailed medieval reform sequence remains to be populated.
S142	The Anglo-Scots monetary union of 1707 David Fox, Edinburgh Law Review 23(3), 2019, pp. 360–387 Accepted manuscript pp. 1, 7–8, 26–27 (PDF pp. 2, 8–9, 27–28)	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Account conversion is not a universal market exchange rate; union did not abolish Scots accounting immediately.
S143	Penny CM.143-1985 Fitzwilliam Museum Description and Dating	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Specimen dates circa 792–796, not an exact reform date or first English penny.
S144	Shilling CM.2259-1997 Fitzwilliam Museum Maker, material and Dating	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators 616–640 is the catalogue range; not a date for the invention of money or even first English coinage.
S145	Medieval European Coinage 8: Britain and Ireland c. 400–1066 Rory Naismith, Cambridge University Press, 2017 Preview, printed pp. 38, 42–43, 58, 67–68	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Selected preview pages inspected; later chapters unavailable in preview, not represented as read.
S146	Byzantine plate and Frankish mines: provenance of silver, c. 660–820 Jane Kershaw, Stephen W. Merkel, Paolo D’Imporzano and Rory Naismith, Antiquity 98(398), 2024 Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion; DOI 10.15184/aqy.2024.33	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators 49-coin analytical sample; excludes low-fineness English interval c. 715–760. Source interpretation is not a currency conversion or proof of direct political transmission.
S147	The importance of central bank reserves Andrew Bailey, Bank of England lecture, 21 May 2024 Historical introduction, goldsmith bankers	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Retrospective account of seventeenth-century banking; no exclusive institutional ancestry asserted.
S148	Alfred the Great penny Royal Mint Museum Monogram penny and foundation discussion	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators No exact Royal Mint foundation date inferred.
S149	A new pre-reform coin-type of Edgar Rory Naismith, British Numismatic Journal 86 (2016), 232–234 Printed pp. 232–234, first article only	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Early 970s reform; tentative design influences retain qualification.
S150	The Middle Ages H7: coin teaching collection Reading Museum Service PDF p. 7, Penny of Richard I and Penny of Edward I	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Selected reform and denomination facts only; broad economic causal claims excluded. Earlier fractional issues mean 1279 is not asserted as first-ever fractional coinage.
S151	The Carlisle mint coinages of Henry I, Stephen, David I and Earl Henry John Mattinson and Peter Cherry, British Numismatic Journal 83 (2013), 101–111 Printed pp. 101–104	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Type ordering and Henric attribution are unresolved; no unique first Scottish coin asserted.
S152	Assimilation of the currencies of Great Britain and Ireland, 12 May 1825 UK Parliament, House of Commons, Hansard vol. 13, cols. 573–582 Currency description and resolutions 1, 6 and 9	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Debate and agreed resolutions are not the enacted law or commencement instrument.
S153	The Irish Pound: From Origins to EMU John Kelly, Central Bank of Ireland Quarterly Bulletin, Spring 2003, 89–115 Section 2, printed p. 90	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Only pre-1827 assimilation passage adopted; later modern Irish/euro history deferred. Original historical research inspected: 1927 Act creates Saorstat pound; 1928 issue while sterling remains in use. No revival of pre1826 Irish currency.
S154	Currency under the Vikings. Part 4: The Dublin coinage c.995–1050 Mark Blackburn, British Numismatic Journal 78 (2008), 111–138 Printed pp. 111, 114–115	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Circa 995 scholarly chronology differs slightly from museum circa 997–998; no exact start date.
S155	950–1450: Vikings, Normans and Medieval Mints National Museum of Ireland Viking coinage; Normans; 1310–1460 sections	Review notes Relevant body passages inspected; see evidence locators Overview chronology retained as attributed evidence; minting gaps do not mean cessation of monetary use.
S156	Currency Conversion in British North America, 1760–1900 A. B. McCullough; Archivaria 16 (1983), pp.83–94 See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected Nominal account values are not commercial exchange rates; Vancouver date table conflicts with prose, resolved here with the 1862 act.
S157	Currency Act, 1862 — Vancouver Island Colony of Vancouver Island; official historical statutes See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected Differentiate local assent and specified public-account commencement from later imperial confirmation.
S158	Decimal Currency Ordinance, 1865 Colony of British Columbia; official historical statutes See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected Section VIII requires proclamation of imperial approval; that proclamation has not yet been inspected.
S159	Currency Ordinance, 1867, consolidated chapter 60 British Columbia; official historical statutes, pp.164–165 See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected The ordinary coin rating and the Crown-revenue conversion schedule have distinct scopes.
S160	Currency Act, Revised Statutes of Canada 1906, chapter 25 Canada; historical statutory text preserved in Aldrich papers, FRASER See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected OCR inspected; cited sections establish historical debt treatment, not the date every coin stopped circulating.
S161	Welcoming Newfoundland to Canada Bank of Canada Museum, 2024 See claim evidence locators	Review notes Relevant full body or statutory sections inspected Coinage, bank-note redemption and political union are separate events.
S162	Ancient Rome American Numismatic Society Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Exhibition chronology is approximate; individual specimen dates are not family lifetimes.
S163	Rome: A Thousand Years of Monetary History American Numismatic Society Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Use scoped denomination facts only. Broad inflation explanations and conflicting late-antique folles rates are not adopted.
S164	Roman Republic denarius, ID3209 / R.04.087 Academic Art Museum, University of Bonn Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Commentary gives c.212/211 BCE reform; catalogue dates this specimen 211 BCE. Interpretive metrology is not an exchange law.
S165	The Denarius: The Arrival of Rome Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Uses c.211 BCE. No inference of direct ancestry from a surviving name; gold-origin generalization not adopted.
S166	Gold and Silver: Relative Values in the Ancient Past James Ross and Leigh Bettenay; Cambridge Archaeological Journal 34(3), 2024, 403–420; online 2023 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Early dates synthesize prior textual scholarship; regional conventions and purity differ. Does not establish a continuous shekel-to-Lydia conversion.
S167	BM 102124 artifact entry, P202124 Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative; revised 2023 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Catalogue metadata inspected; no transliteration or tablet image available in entry Provenience blank; period and genre metadata alone cannot establish contract amount or earliest use.
S168	Cuneiform tablet: loan of silver, 66.245.17a The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Probably from Kültepe; period date is approximate. Loan terms do not prove a circulating banknote or coin. Full loan description and object metadata inspected. Limitations: Probably Kanesh; object dated by broad period. Fire preserving an archive is not abolition of its accounting unit.
S169	Cuneiform tablet case: quittance for a loan in copper, 66.245.18b The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Heading names enclosed tablet 66.246.18a, while object number is 66.245.18b; preserve this catalogue discrepancy. No monetary universality inferred.
S170	The Gold Maravedí: From Imitation to Sovereignty Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Model and weight adoption do not establish a conversion. The page’s Ferdinand II/date wording is not adopted.
S171	El oro y los “pesos de oro” en los inicios de Nueva España. Una propuesta de reinterpretación Iván Rivero Hernández; Historia Mexicana 73(2), 2023 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination 1497 summary depends on cited numismatic scholarship; original pragmática still needs inspection. Pre-mint gold pesos vary by mass and purity.
S172	The Dinero: A Fresh Start for Currency in the Christian Kingdoms Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Iberian dinero is a family of jurisdictional systems, not one homogeneous currency. After 785 is a lower bound.
S173	The Dinar: New Coins for the New Hispano-Islamic Power Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Early conquest coinage is a local scope; no automatic identity with all later Andalusian dinars.
S174	The Dobla: Granada and the End of Al-Andalus Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Doubled weight is not evidence of an exact exchange rate; political conquest need not date final circulation.
S175	Dinar, 99.35.2386, 79 AH / 698–99 CE The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Separates reform date from specimen date. No universal gold-silver exchange ratio supplied.
S176	Dirham, 04.35.3343, Wasit, 93 AH / 711–12 CE The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination The dated specimen anchors Wasit production; broad pre/post-697 language is refined with staged reform evidence.
S177	Umayyads: Abd al-Malik, 78 AH / 697–698, 18205131 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Gold and silver reform dates differ. Damascus attribution has a question mark; specimen mass is not the official standard.
S178	Rare Coins from Nishapur Abdullah Ghouchani and Sheila Canby; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2019 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Not all described objects were excavated; some were bought locally. Mint, findspot and inferred route must remain separate.
S179	Chemical studies of Chinese coinage II: from Qin to Yuan (221 BCE–1368 CE) A. M. Pollard and Ruiliang Liu; Heritage Science 9, 56 (2021) Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination Uneven sample coverage and mixed analytical methods; authors explicitly distinguish chemistry from numismatic classification. Tang mass summary not adopted.
S180	England’s earliest coinage with particular reference to the York group of gold shillings Tony Abramson; British Numismatic Journal 89 (2019), 1–18 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes PDF pp.1–4, 9 and 14 inspected via publisher-hosted text Chronological and attribution proposals are explicitly tentative. Grave-dating argument cites Hines and Bayliss, not new dating here.
S181	Copper coinage, ruling power and local society in medieval Japan Hiroyuki Honda; International Journal of Asian Studies 4(2), 2007, 225–240 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Abstract and bibliographic metadata inspected; full text not consulted Claims limited to the abstract’s stated findings; local rates and specific decrees not verified.
S182	Establishment of the Monetary System of Early Modern Japan Tetsuo Kamiki; Socio-Economic History 57(2), 1991, 167–178 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete English abstract and metadata inspected; Japanese article not consulted Broad proportions and market-rate statements lack full-text context here; not used as universal valuations.
S183	The Castilian Dobla: The Enduring Influence of Al-Andalus in Christian Spain Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Spain Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Relevant full-text sections inspected; no physical object examination A weight-standard relationship is not proof of redemption or legal conversion.
S184	Bronze Alloying Practice in Ancient China — Evidence from Pre-Qin Coin Analyses A. M. Pollard and Ruiliang Liu; Journal of Archaeological Science 126 (2021), 105322 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Accepted manuscript pp.1, 5, 15–16 inspected Mixing model is an interpretation; does not identify a currency parent or establish the function of all metal fragments.
S185	Supplementary material: Radiocarbon-dating an early minting site Hao Zhao et al.; Antiquity 95 (383), 2021 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes All seven pages inspected; Figure S2 also inspected visually Same study as S25/S35, not independent corroboration. Published graph and determinations inspected; no executable model code supplied; no recalibration performed.
S186	New Brunswick currency act, 15 Victoria, chapter 85 (1852) New Brunswick Legislature; official printing reproduced by University of New Brunswick Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Sections 1–11 and printed commencement note inspected against the UNB transcription UNB metadata/transcription heading says 14 Victoria; original printed act says 15 Victoria. Gazette issue itself not inspected.
S187	An Act relating to the mode of Accounting and Currency, 23 Victoria, chapter 48 (1860) New Brunswick Legislature; official printing reproduced by University of New Brunswick Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes All nine sections inspected in original scan text and UNB transcription Public-account requirement, coin tender and account equivalence have different scopes. The act does not itself prove later merger or coin-withdrawal dates.
S188	Journal of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, 20 February 1862: decimal coinage correspondence New Brunswick Legislative Council; 1859–1861 correspondence reproduced in 1862 Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Transcription pp.24–30 inspected, especially letters of 10 November 1860 and 16 December 1861 Proposals, current reports and expected delivery dates are distinguished. Mint letter predicts silver readiness; it does not prove actual arrival.
S189	Currency Board Financial Statements, Studies in Applied Economics No.22 (December 2014) Nicholas Krus and Kurt Schuler Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Printed pp.112 and 244–246 inspected in full; title page checked Underlying annual reports and ordinances not independently inspected. Gambia coin date conflicts with the indexed central-bank account. Institutional liquidation is not currency termination. Full original research PDF and both relevant sections inspected. Palestine issue began 1 November 1927; Egyptian money was exchanged and ceased legal tender after 31 March 1928. Palestine currency continued outside Israel after 1948. Southern Rhodesian Board established January 1939, British coins ceased local tender July 1939, local board notes issued March 1940. Act 5 of 1954 converted the board into the Central African Currency Board while old money continued; Bank of Rhodesia and Nyasaland took over 1 April 1956. Sterling parity and 20-shilling/240-penny unit retained. Research identifies original legislation and annual reports.
S190	Evolution of Currency in Ghana Bank of Ghana, Statistics and Reports Office, Issue Department Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Historical narrative through the 1979 demonetisation inspected Undated page includes an editing placeholder and stale denomination inventory. The 1979 threshold wording does not establish the complete legal exchange schedule.
S191	Currency Gallery Central Bank of Nigeria Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete short historical narrative inspected Opening statement dates notes to 1912; archival research instead separates board formation, coins and large-scale note issue. Later denomination summaries not adopted wholesale.
S192	1973 Currency Issue Central Bank of Nigeria Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Opening decimalisation paragraph inspected; catalogue read for limitations Obvious dimensions and coin-label problems elsewhere on the page are not used. Denomination withdrawal is not extinction of the naira.
S193	Redenomination — Introduction Bank of Sierra Leone Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete substantive introduction inspected The phrase dividing the pound by 1.2 conflicts with the explicit pence examples; only the explicit 240-pence-to-two-leones equivalence is used.
S194	Economic Bulletin for Africa, Vol.VI No.1, January 1966 (E/CN.14/396) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Sierra Leone currency discussion, printed p.100 (PDF p.107), and title inspected Provides issue date and unit relationship; does not establish complete withdrawal/redemption rules. Downloaded official UN PDF; relevant full page text directly inspected. Retained baseline inspection: Sierra Leone currency discussion, printed p.100 (PDF p.107), and title inspected
S195	Evolution of Currency in The Gambia Central Bank of The Gambia Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Search-indexed historical passages inspected; direct page repeatedly timed out Not a successful full-page inspection. Coin-date discrepancy remains open; use Krus–Schuler for the sourced 5 October 1964 banknote date. Retained baseline inspection: Search-indexed historical passages inspected; direct page repeatedly timed out
S196	Annual Report and Accounts 2007 Bank of Ghana Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Foreword p.2 and section 6, p.33 (PDF pp.4 and 35), inspected Report explicitly dates circulation to 3 July; the March Gazette itself has not been read. Continued exchange described here is historical policy, not verification of present availability.
S197	Financial Inclusion Newsletter, Issue No.1, Jan–Jun 2022 Bank of Sierra Leone, Financial Inclusion Secretariat Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Title and p.4 redenomination explanation inspected Cover period ends June, while body reports 1 July circulation. Use body for the event; publication date is not inferred from a later web crawl.
S198	Treasury Reporting Rates of Exchange: 1971 compilation, amendment dated 23 July 1971 United States Treasury, Bureau of Accounts Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Gambia paragraph, PDF pp.25 and 31 (duplicate notice), inspected US reporting instruction corroborates the unit change; it is not the Gambian enabling law. Duplicate scan occurrence is not independent evidence.
S199	Sierra Leone: 2024 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country Report No.24/321 International Monetary Fund Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Paragraph 34 and Box 5, printed pp.22–23 (PDF pp.31–32), inspected Old-leone tender ended in December 2023; report does not specify the day. Continued BSL exchange is an observation as of the 2024 report, not a current guarantee.
S200	Currency Act 1965, No. 95 — as made Commonwealth of Australia Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Sections 2, 5, 8–11, 18–25 inspected The 1966 federal transition is the scope. Later proclamations and separate territorial adoption are not inferred.
S201	Bermuda Monetary Authority Act 1969 — consolidated text Bermuda; copy hosted by Bermuda Monetary Authority Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Section 9, printed p.13, and commencement annotation inspected in downloaded PDF Not an as-enacted 1969 copy. Historical s.9 transition is explicit; amended current tender powers are not projected backwards.
S202	Bermuda Monetary Authority: Celebrating 50 Years — 20 February 2019 release Bermuda Monetary Authority Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete one-page release inspected Same release family as S103, not independent corroboration. By 30 June is a bound, not proof of the exact final tender day or redemption expiry. Full official one-page publication inspected. Describes6February1970Bermuda dollar introduction, equivalence with British pound sterling, exchange preparations and withdrawal of old currency. Does not claim1915notes created distinct account unit. Read the 31 July 1972 peg and amended statutory basis, separately from the 1970 decimal conversion. Retrospective institution history; this passage establishes commencement, not a complete continuous-operation or current-status audit.
S203	Wet Vernoeming en Herleiding van Guldensbedragen tot Dollarbedragen, S.B. 2003 no.89 Republic of Suriname Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes All operative articles 1–13 visually inspected, PDF pp.1–4 / printed pp.1–8 Explanatory memorandum not audited in full. Historical rules, not a claim of present redemption availability.
S204	Muntwet amendment, S.B. 2003 no.88 Republic of Suriname Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Articles I–II visually inspected, PDF p.1 / printed pp.1–2 Changes the statutory unit and effective date; no universal cash-exchange rule is inferred.
S205	Taiwan currency reform file: New Taiwan Dollar Issuance Rules Taiwan Provincial Government; National Archives Administration Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes File A386000000A/0038/6/1/2/039; reform plan and complete issuance rules, stamped leaf 86, visually inspected Original scheduled exchange deadline is not assumed to be the actual last exchange date. Article 8 refers to article 5 although the old/new rate appears in article 6; promulgated Gazette and amendments need comparison.
S206	Decimal Currency Act and Decimal Currency (Exchange) Notice Nigeria; text reproduced by Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete short act and exchange notice inspected Commencement header refers to sections absent from the displayed text; notice identifier/date also needs Gazette verification. Reported provisions are retained with provenance qualification.
S207	Central Bank Act, Chapter 79:02 — updated to 31 December 2015 Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Legal Affairs; issuer-hosted copy Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Commencement table and currency provisions, especially s.21(4), inspected Amended 1994 redemption clause is not the original 1964 exchange rule. Earlier Gazette withdrawal notice remains unresolved.
S208	Currency: Related Legislative Provisions Bank of Jamaica Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Sections 10 and 15–18 with amendment annotations inspected Later amended withdrawal provisions must not be treated as 1969 law. Decimal Currency Act itself remains inaccessible in this pass.
S209	Ministry Paper No.7, 20 March 1969: Decimal Currency Edward Seaga, Minister of Finance and Planning; National Library of Jamaica Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Both pages inspected Proposal and explanation, not enacted law; explicitly abandons an earlier coin/subdivision proposal.
S210	New Zealand Gazette No.43, 6 July 1967 — Price Order No.2044 New Zealand Price Tribunal Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Printed p.1167 / PDF p.23, Order 2044 clauses 1–3, parsed text inspected OCR of fractional-penny table is unreliable and is not transcribed. Sectoral maximum-price rule, not proof of all cash redemption provisions.
S211	Bank of Tanzania Act, 1965, No.12 of 1966 United Republic of Tanzania Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Title, ss.1–2, 24, 26, 33–36 and 73 inspected; currency transition on printed pp.10–11 Short title says 1965; enactment is No.12 of 1966. Commencement proclamation and actual territorial withdrawal notices not inspected.
S212	History of the Bank of Tanzania Bank of Tanzania Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Opening institutional-history paragraphs inspected Bank opening does not by itself prove the first public cash-issue date. Broad earlier monetary narrative not adopted wholesale.
S213	Currency History — national issue and regional currency withdrawal Central Bank of Kenya Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes National currency, Legal Notice 252 and first-coin/withdrawal paragraphs inspected in full HTML Notice itself and original exchange law not inspected. Regional withdrawals are month precision; no universal regional withdrawal day is inferred. Earlier barter-origin narrative not used.
S214	Currency, East Africa — Commons statement, 30 May 1921 Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for the Colonies; Hansard Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete statement and question, HC vol.142 cc.596–598, inspected Announced policy is not a dated first-issue observation. Kenya/Uganda and prospective Tanganyika extension must remain distinct.
S215	History of Uganda Currency Bank of Uganda Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Search-indexed opening sentence inspected; direct page returned errors including HTTP 502 Only the 1966 national-issue year is used. No precise date, par conversion or 1987 statutory scope is verified by this access.
S216	Uganda Financial Sector Strategy Update, Report 15081, volume II, 10 November 1995 World Bank Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Title and paragraph 1.4, printed p.1 / PDF p.9, inspected Reports 30 percent confiscation in 1987 but does not establish the complete legal schedule, exemptions or the nominal rescaling factor. Publicly disclosed copy.
S217	The Banknote Book: Tanzania, 6 September 2011 edition BanknoteNews / The Banknote Book; copy hosted by Bank of Tanzania Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes PDF pp.2–4 / catalogue pp.1–3 inspected, especially entries BOT B1–B4 Host does not change authorship. Exact 14 June 1966 first-issue date is catalogue evidence pending original issuer notice.
S218	Money circulation in the Republic of Armenia Central Bank of Armenia Opening two paragraphs, Introduction and permitted Soviet-note coexistence	Review notes Relevant body paragraphs read in full Inspect the original introduction decree, cash exchange eligibility and account conversion; trace the earlier ruble stages.
S219	History — national manat and redenomination Central Bank of Azerbaijan History paragraphs on 15 August 1992, 1 January 1994 and 2006 denomination	Review notes Relevant history paragraphs read in full Read the original 1992/1993 introduction and 2005 redenomination decrees; model old/new units as scale epochs before resolving duplicated poster tracks.
S220	History of the national currency National Bank of Kazakhstan 1993 timeline entry, November 15	Review notes 1993 timeline and adjacent context read Inspect the introduction decree and ruble exchange schedule, including limits and account treatment; no predecessor ratio is adopted here.
S221	Banknotes and coins National Bank of Tajikistan Opening national-currency paragraph	Review notes Complete short substantive paragraph read Inspect the 2000 introduction decree, Tajik-ruble conversion and overlap rules; independently source the 1995 predecessor introduction.
S222	Moldovan leu marks 30 years since its introduction into circulation National Bank of Moldova 29 November 2023 release, final historical sentence	Review notes Release body and explicit introduction sentence read Recover the original decree and coupon conversion, withdrawal and account rules; distinguish Transnistrian circulation.
S223	Frequently Asked Questions — currency before the sum Central Bank of Uzbekistan Other questions: What currency units were used before the sum? Four-paragraph answer	Review notes Complete relevant FAQ answer read Inspect Decree UP-870 and the original exchange/withdrawal instruments; distinguish initial coexistence from sole legal tender.
S224	On the procedure for cash exchange by individuals Bank of Russia Press release, opening paragraphs on Regulation 63-P and 1 January 1999	Review notes Relevant Russian body paragraphs retrieved directly and read; web reader had failed Read the 1997 decree and 1998 implementation; reconstruct 1991–1993 issuance and older Soviet/Russian continuities separately.
S225	Billetes y monedas en vigencia Banco Central de la República Argentina Opening currency paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the original decree and cash/account transition and withdrawal rules.
S226	Ley No.901, 28 November 1986 Republic of Bolivia; Central Bank host PDF pp.1–2, articles 1 and 9–11	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Check implementation and amendments against the original Gazette; scheduled exchange expiry is not yet certified as the actual final date.
S227	Banknotes and coins Banco Central de Costa Rica Opening historical paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the 1896 law, peso conversion and first circulation, separately from the central bank's 1951 issue.
S228	About Us Banco Central de Honduras Historical opening paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Recover the 1926 law and original circulation notice; source only supports decade precision for actual circulation.
S229	Guaraní, signo monetario de Paraguay Banco Central del Paraguay Paragraphs on Decree-Law 655 and first banknote family	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect Decree-Law 655, peso conversion and issue notice; do not equate unit creation with first banknote circulation.
S230	Reseña histórica Banco de Guatemala Paragraph beginning En noviembre de 1924	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the original monetary law and conversion schedule; obtain first issue date separately.
S231	Billetes Banco Central de la República Dominicana Opening paragraphs, first RD$1, RD$5 and RD$10 notes	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect Law 1528, predecessor and US-dollar exchange, and the relation to 1937 coins and earlier pesos.
S232	Tipo de cambio oficial 1991 Banco Central de Nicaragua One-page table, note beneath averages, dated 1 March 2001	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the 1990 introduction and 1991 laws; establish the nominal conversion separately from the table's dollar exchange-rate adjustment.
S233	History of Botswana Currency Bank of Botswana Opening history, paragraphs on Pula Day and initial exchange period	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the original legal instruments and actual end of exchange; dollar peg is separate from rand predecessor conversion.
S234	First Issue Central Bank of Kuwait Complete opening history, two paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect Decree 41 and conversion terms; distinguish Gulf rupees from domestic Indian rupees and later first-series withdrawal.
S235	Museum — Currencies in circulation in the UAE Central Bank of the UAE Currencies in circulation section, first paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Establish Qatar–Dubai riyal and Bahraini-dinar conversions separately by emirate; inspect the 1973 law and exchange notices.
S236	Overview — historical currency information Saudi Central Bank Unification of currency and post-unification timeline	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the Hejazi–Najdi monetary law and circulation/conversion rules; distinguish coin weights, names and legal units.
S237	Banknotes and Coins — Agora and New Sheqel Series Bank of Israel Agora and New Sheqel Series opening paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive source paragraphs read; no inference of uninspected legal implementation Inspect the 1985 law and old-cash overlap/withdrawal rules; trace the 1980 sheqel and earlier pound independently. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S238	Introductions Central Bank of Jordan Opening banknote history	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Law 35/1949, conversion rate, territorial coverage and actual exchange rules. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S239	Currency Bank of Papua New Guinea Introduction and final paragraph of History of Exchange	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original conversion and withdrawal instruments; naming after shell money is not a proven conversion edge.
S240	History of the Tongan Pa'anga National Reserve Bank of Tonga Pa'anga section opening	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the decimal currency legislation, note overlap and territorial rules. Body inspected. Distinguishes Tongan pound from sterling after1936devaluation and describes Australian equality, then pound→paanga1967. Broad opening statement British currency until1967 is imprecise; detailed entries and originalresearch establish locally controlled pound before1967. Do not import Little2020 mistaken1966decimalization date.
S241	Coins and Banknotes of Bangladesh, 2013 Bangladesh Bank PDF p.23, English historical paragraph	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Establish exact first issue, conversion and restrictions from original notices; independence and bank creation are separate dates.
S242	60th Anniversary Commemorative Volume, 1950–2010 Central Bank of Sri Lanka PDF p.101, currency history paragraph and footnotes 2–4	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original rupee/sterling and decimalisation laws; do not date the rupee's entire existence from a coin issue. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected
S243	History of the Bank Central Bank of Eswatini A Nation's Currency is Born: The Lilangeni	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1974 monetary order and exchange provisions; coexistence and parity do not by themselves certify a forced replacement.
S244	History of banknotes and coin South African Reserve Bank Historical paragraph beginning South Africa continued; first decimal coin series	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decimalisation act, account conversion and territorial adoption; do not repeat the page's conflation of currency launch with the later republic proclamation.
S245	KM banknotes Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina Opening first-series paragraph	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1997 account-unit law and 1998 exchange arrangements; do not infer Deutsche-mark ancestry from the peg. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S246	How long has the Swiss National Bank existed? Swiss National Bank Paragraph beginning Coins and, later, banknotes	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1850 federal coinage law, cantonal conversion schedules and foreign coin acceptance.
S247	Withdrawal of banknotes from circulation, 31 May 2006 Central Bank of Iceland Paragraph beginning At the beginning of 1981	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original 1981 law, precise commencement and exemptions; later series withdrawals are separate events.
S248	Invalid banknote since 1946 Magyar Nemzeti Bank Introductory history sentence	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1946 regulations and distinct pengő/adópengő rules; do not treat a headline hyperinflation ratio as universal cash conversion.
S249	Symbolics on Albanian Banknotes, 2024 Bank of Albania PDF p.3, paragraph on 1965 reform	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the reform decree, effective date and exchange eligibility; catalogue print years do not establish circulation dates. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S250	Czech National Bank, 1993–2003 Czech National Bank Printed p.8 / PDF p.9, monetary-separation paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Act 60/1993 and stamped-note, resident-limit and account provisions; verify actual implementation separately.
S251	Working Paper 103, balance-sheet history Danmarks Nationalbank Appendix, PDF pp.32–33, unit conversion and monetary-standard paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1873 Coin Act and implementation; keep earlier gold-coin tender and later old-coin withdrawal dates distinct.
S252	63rd anniversary address, 1 March 2023 Karamo Kaba, Governor, Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea PDF p.2 opening	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Source the CFA conversion, 1972 syli reform and 1985 franc return before asserting uninterrupted unit continuity.
S253	Historique du Franc Djibouti Central Bank of Djibouti Opening historical paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decree and implementation; the same page also lists 17 March 1949 in a table, so exact legal dating needs reconciliation.
S254	Bank Notes Bank of South Sudan History, After Independence paragraph	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original exchange law and rate; separately verify the issuer's reported 2023 name amendment.
S255	History of the Central Bank of Somalia Central Bank of Somalia Post-independence notable milestones	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1960/1961 legal unit and northern East African-shilling conversion; the page's wider colonial chronology is not adopted. Body inspected: explicitly identifies northern EastAfrican-shilling to Somali-shilling unification under1961 decree;1962note issue. No debt conversion clauses or named decree section supplied. Caution: page gives mutually inconsistent descriptions of1950 predecessor (Italian lira near beginning, East African shilling in banknote section). Northern1961 unification is separately stated; no universal ratio admitted.
S256	Exchange Rate Policy Central Bank of Libya 1952 timeline entry	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1951/1952 currency law, regional predecessors and later pound-to-dinar renaming; sterling parity is not a predecessor conversion.
S257	Tour Highlights Bank of Mauritius Mauritian Banking landscape, Order in Council sentence	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the Order in Council and distinguish Indian coin circulation from locally issued rupee notes and the 1934 changes.
S258	Duel Uang Merah Vs Uang Putih Bank Indonesia Paragraph on Hatta's broadcast, 29 October 1946	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect original exchange regulations, geographic eligibility and later 1950/1965 reforms; wartime circulation was not uniform.
S259	Currency Timeline, 1962–1970 Bank of Korea 1962 reform opening paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the reform law, deposit freezes and eligibility; distinguish denomination replacement in 1966 from final old-coin tender expiry. Narrative lines471–478 and28August1962 ordinance entry line550; not original decree. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected
S260	A brief history Centrale Bank van Aruba First two history paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the transition from Netherlands Antillean guilders and cash/account rules; the dollar peg is not a parent conversion.
S261	Nepal Rastra Bank in Fifty Years, Part III: Macroeconomy Nepal Rastra Bank PDF p.69, Sadar Mulukikhana issuance paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the first note authorization and earlier rupee/mohar coin-unit reforms; paper issuance does not by itself establish unit birth.
S262	An Analysis of the Denomination Structure of the Maldivian Rufiyaa Hassan Fahmy; Maldives Monetary Authority PDF pp.4–5, section 2 and Table 2	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original note ordinance, earlier unit/coinage and any predecessor conversion; do not turn first paper into a new species.
S263	Banknotes 1877–1901, Series I Norges Bank Opening paragraph	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Read the original act and commencement/conversion rules; gold-standard adoption and banknote issue require separate dates.
S264	1873 — Sweden gets the krona Sveriges Riksbank Complete short historical entry	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1873 coinage act and riksdaler-riksmynt conversion; separate Scandinavian union agreements from domestic currency ancestry.
S265	History of the Cayman Islands Currency Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Creation of the Currency Board, final three paragraphs	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1971 law and withdrawal notices; confirm account and residual redemption treatment separately.
S266	Annual Report 2023 — Le Franc Pacifique Institut d'émission d'outre-mer PDF p.21, Le Franc Pacifique	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the December 1945 decree and each territory's predecessor circulation; do not extend a regional overview into a universal local conversion.
S267	Histoire du Franc CFA BCEAO Historique and parity table	Review notes Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decree, west/central institutional separation and each country's entries/exits; the French-franc parity is not yet a cash-conversion edge.
S268	Plano Real Banco Central do Brasil Indexed paragraph beginning No dia 1º de julho de 1994	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover a readable original 1994 instrument; distinguish the noncash URV from issued currency.
S269	Decreto 636/992, 22 December 1992 Uruguay; Banco Central del Uruguay host Indexed articles 1–2	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Download and inspect the complete decree and exchange notices; current access is limited to the indexed operative passage.
S270	Comunicado de 18-VI-91 Banco Central de Reserva del Perú Indexed opening, title says 18-VI-91 despite IV in URL	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the full communication and regulations; resolve URL/title discrepancy and later renaming without assuming a new unit.
S271	History of Banknotes Qatar Central Bank Indexed paragraph on dissolution of Qatar–Dubai board and Law 7	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Obtain full page and Law 7; first issue day and exchange rate are not inferred from the authority's founding date.
S272	History Central Bank of Oman Indexed paragraph beginning Subsequently, in 1972	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Read the 1970 and 1972 currency decrees and conversion terms; institutional renaming is not sufficient proof of a separate species.
S273	History Reserve Bank of Vanuatu Indexed monetary-reform paragraphs	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Obtain the original reform and withdrawal notices; source is index-only after direct access failed, and Australian-dollar conversion remains open.
S274	History of Currency Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Indexed paragraph beginning Monetary reform commenced in 1974	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the full issuer history and original issue instrument; verify exact date and relationship to existing rupee circulation.
S275	Pakistani Currency State Bank of Pakistan Museum Indexed opening paragraphs, 1947 Order and emergency series	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Inspect the 1947 Order, exchange and reserve settlement; distinguish overstamped Indian notes, new government notes and central-bank notes.
S276	History of Hryvnia National Bank of Ukraine Indexed modern-hryvnia paragraph	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the reform decree and karbovanets conversion/limits; the indexed passage supports a period, not all individual cash milestones.
S277	Annual Report 1998 Central Bank of the Congo Indexed printed p.176, III. Lancement du franc congolais, legal framework	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the full report and decree; preserve separate old-zaïre and nouveau-zaïre streams rather than silently composing them.
S278	PB 2025-008: Caribbean Guilder Officially Legal Tender Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten Indexed dated announcement, opening paragraph	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover full issuer release and original transition instruments; verify par conversion and separate tender/redemption deadlines.
S279	Riel Day, 46th anniversary, 20 March 2026 National Bank of Cambodia Indexed announcement heading and repeated opening dated paragraph	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the 1980 issue decree and allocation/exchange rules; do not infer a zero-parent reset merely from the word reintroduction.
S280	History Brief Central Bank of Egypt Indexed Historical Introduction, first-banknote sentence	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the full source and original note concession; earlier pound coinage and unit legislation remain distinct.
S281	Les premiers billets de l'Algérie indépendante Bank of Algeria Indexed complete short introductory paragraph	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Inspect Law 64-111 and first issue/Algerian-franc conversion; the retrospective page calls the instrument a presidential decree, requiring comparison.
S282	Second and Third PRGF Reviews, Informational Annex, 2008 International Monetary Fund Indexed section X, Exchange System and Exchange Rate Arrangements	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Read the full IMF annex and Malagasy legal texts; distinguish the 2003 ariary cash launch from the 2005 accounting change.
S283	Lao PDR: Selected Issues, 1997 International Monetary Fund Indexed currency-history paragraph, liberated kip conversion	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the full report and original reform decree; investigate exchange restrictions and the distinct 1976 Vientiane-kip withdrawal.
S284	Treasury — archival introduction Falkland Islands National Archives Indexed introductory paragraph, Currency Note Order	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Inspect the original Order and issue book before equating authorization with first physical circulation.
S285	BCM extends validity of old coins, 8 November 2018 Agence mauritanienne d'information, reproducing BCM communiqué Indexed opening of reproduced central-bank communiqué	Review notes Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page. This is limited-access partial evidence, not a full-text verification. Recover the original decree/communiqué and 10:1 conversion; distinguish coin extensions from banknote deadlines.
S286	Annual Report 2016 Central Bank of Bahrain PDF p.45, Currency Issue paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original issue notice, Gulf-rupee conversion and cash withdrawal; anniversary wording alone does not supply an exact day.
S287	Rôle et missions de Bank Al-Maghrib Bank Al-Maghrib PDF p.10, key dates, 1959 entry	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the dirham decree and Moroccan-franc conversion; institution creation in June is not the currency date.
S288	Vietnamese Currencies from 1951 to now State Bank of Vietnam One-page issuer history, last paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the unification exchange rules and unequal regional rates; separately research the 1985 reform and all limits.
S289	History of Lebanese Banknotes and Coins Banque du Liban Evolution of Lebanese Currency, 1964 entry	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Reconcile the page's 1937 separate-currency narrative with its later summary; inspect 1937/1939 and 1948 agreements before fixing pound identity. Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected
S290	Gibraltar Banknotes Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau First two history paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Ordinance 10, first issue records and 1927 permanent arrangements; do not infer a novel accounting pound from local notes.
S291	Conference in honor of the Turkmen manat Turkmenistan government information service Paragraph on introduction of national currency	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect original ruble conversion and the separate 2009 rescaling; this is a government retrospective, not the decree.
S292	Infojurídica: Law 84, Sobre Moneda Procuraduría de la Administración, Panama Complete official catalogue record and legal abstract	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the linked original Gazette, predecessor conversion and instrument distinctions; the catalogue abstract does not establish every operative rule.
S293	Tbilisi to Host Major International Conference Celebrating 30th Anniversary of the Lari National Bank of Georgia Final historical paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decree, coupon conversion and exchange/territorial limits.
S294	Reserve Bank of Malawi conference paper, 2005 L. J. Sato, Reserve Bank of Malawi; SARB host PDF p.11, exchange-rate history	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decimalisation law and Malawi-pound conversion; the paper's sterling peg is not itself the domestic exchange rule.
S295	Aviso 3/GGBM/2006 Banco de Moçambique; Boletim da República PDF pp.3–4, articles 4–6	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Law 7/2005 for the conversion factor and compare original-language withdrawal wording; no universal tender-expiry date is inferred from the later redemption schedule.
S296	Reforma Monetária 2018: Nova Família da Dobra, May 2017 Banco Central de São Tomé e Príncipe PDF pp.3–4 and 8, legal background and conversion plan	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the enacted implementation and actual launch/withdrawal notices; a 2017 plan does not prove that every 2018 milestone occurred as scheduled.
S297	Thai Banknotes Evolution Bank of Thailand 1902 Banknotes section, final two paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the Act and issue records, earlier baht/tical accounting and decimal subdivisions; this is not a claim that the baht began in 1902. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S298	Reflecting on Eritrea's Pillars towards Development Eritrea Ministry of Information Paragraph on financial independence and national currency	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect original issue and Ethiopian-birr exchange instruments, with eligibility and trade-settlement restrictions.
S299	ESKENĀS Encyclopaedia Iranica Bank-e Melli section, first note series	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the Persian currency laws and qerān/toman conversion; later redenomination proposals and current implementation require separate verification.
S300	Dinar banknote history, article id 9755 National Bank of Serbia Final historical paragraphs, 1994–2003	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1994 exchange and 2003 legal-continuity instruments; an issuer/series change is not automatically a new currency. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S301	Economic and Financial Statistical Review, second quarter 2008 Central Bank of Sudan PDF p.28, note to banking table	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original 2007 launch and exchange law; the table's dating is not substituted for the earlier cash-introduction date.
S302	National Currency National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic Opening National Currency paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the original decree, ruble exchange rate, eligibility limits and withdrawal sequence.
S303	Discurso sobre o Estado da Nação 2025 Government of Angola Paragraph beginning A moeda nacional, o Kwanza	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Recover 1977 issue law and the separate 1990, 1995 and 1999 conversion instruments; a retrospective creation year does not verify all scales.
S304	Banco de la República: 100 años Banco de la República, Colombia PDF p.45, La tradición industrial del Banco de la República	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Trace the earlier peso units and the conversion of national paper; bank formation and first public issue need separate dates.
S305	Le système de paiement en Haïti Banque de la République d'Haïti PDF pp.4–5, early paper money history	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Establish earlier coin and accounting units, then later nineteenth-century reforms and their exchange laws; this date concerns paper.
S306	Iraq Currency Exchange Coalition Provisional Authority; archived by University of North Texas Exchange timetable and exchange-rates sections	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the implementing orders, note eligibility and actual final deadline; the notice announces a schedule, not proof of completion.
S307	Price and Foreign Exchange Rate in North Korea: Observations, Trends, and Analysis Korea Development Institute 21 October 2021 dialogue, paragraph beginning While implementing a currency reform	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Recover primary reform rules, cash limits and account treatment; do not extend the reported note ratio to all prices or balances.
S308	History of Bank of Mongolia Bank of Mongolia Monetary reform act and first togrog issue paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Compare the original act and issue notice; do not transcribe the garbled quantity in the English page or borrow unrelated ancient-money claims. Inspected full page. Explicit yanchaan use in state revenue/expense accounts and enterprise statements, followed by togrog accounting displacement1927. Combined with contemporary Chinese silver-yuan identification; no separate sovereign yanchaan unit established.
S309	History of the Bank Central Bank of Seychelles 1936 ordinances and 1974 Currency Act paragraphs	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the 1974 Act and earlier local-note and rupee introduction records; this governance event is not the rupee's birth.
S310	President al-Sharaa issues decree on new Syrian currency, beginning 2026 Syrian Arab News Agency 31 December 2025 report of Decree 293/2025, effective date and conversion provisions	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Decree 293/2025 and actual series-specific withdrawal notices; do not assume that a reported reform date ended all old-note exchange.
S311	Inflation Report 2006-I Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye PDF p.38, currency reform note	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Law 5083, effective and withdrawal dates, and the 2009 removal of 'new' from the name; no additional species is implied.
S312	Annual Report 2019 Bank of Zambia Printed p.140 / PDF p.158, exchange-rate table footnote	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the rebasing law, cash coexistence and withdrawal rules; trace the earlier 1968 kwacha transition separately.
S313	Law No.58-109 of 18 October 1958 — contemporary English translation Republic of Tunisia; World Bank Translation Section, 14 July 1959 PDF p.43, translation of articles 1–2	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Compare the original French promulgation and operational issue/withdrawal notices; law date is not automatically cash launch.
S314	Gaceta Oficial 42.191, 16 August 2021 — BCV Resolution 21-08-01 Banco Central de Venezuela; Gazette scan on third-party host PDF p.7, articles 3–7	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Decree 4.553 and 2018/2008 predecessors, complete rounding rules and actual withdrawal notices; VED is an auxiliary code issue, not a separate digital-money lineage.
S315	Recueil des textes relatifs à l'exercice des activités bancaires et financières Banque Centrale des Comores PDF pp.8–9, 23 November 1979 agreement, articles 4, 6 and final entry-into-force clause	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Establish ratification/entry into force and earlier franc issue/conversion; the agreement's French-franc parity does not make the French franc a conversion parent.
S316	Privilège d'émission Banque de la République du Burundi Indexed passage on BERB issues overprinted Burundi	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve full issuer history, original national issue law, par-exchange rule and separate coin withdrawal; the note deadline is not a coin deadline.
S317	Brochura Institucional Banco de Cabo Verde 2022 Banco de Cabo Verde Indexed institutional milestones, 1977 entry	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Read the full brochure and original 1977 issue notice, earlier Cape Verde escudo identity and Portuguese-escudo exchange terms; do not call every issuer issue a new unit.
S318	Bank Notes National Bank of Ethiopia Indexed first banknote-series paragraph	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve the complete history and original 1945 currency law; resolve the dollar/birr naming and issuer terminology before certifying unit continuity.
S319	Republic India Coinage Reserve Bank of India Indexed Republic India Coinage historical paragraphs	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Recover an accessible full issuer page, legal continuity after independence and the separate 1957 decimal change; continue earlier rupee ancestry.
S320	Tipo de cambio en Chile, 1948–1978 Banco Central de Chile Indexed table footnote, p.24	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Inspect Decree Law 1123 and full table; its indexed 29 September date conflicts with a later issuer summary mentioning June, so day/month remain unresolved.
S321	Polish circulation banknotes — 10 zł, 2023 educational sheet Narodowy Bank Polski Indexed paragraph on 1995 redenomination	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve the full sheet and original 1994 law, then separate cash coexistence, withdrawal and redemption dates.
S322	Legea nr.348 din 14 iulie 2004 privind denominarea monedei naționale Romanian official legislative portal Indexed article 1	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve the full text and original promulgation, amendments and withdrawal rules; indexed article alone does not close the dossier.
S323	Presidential Decree No.450 of 4 November 2015 — denomination of the official monetary unit Republic of Belarus; English reproduction by CIS Legislation Public indexed decree opening and denomination clause	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Obtain official original Decree 450 and the amended versions, then cash withdrawal and redemption; printed series year is not circulation start.
S324	Afghanistan: selected issues — monetary and exchange rate policy, Country Report 03/299 International Monetary Fund Indexed paragraphs 168–169, printed p.99, corroborated by indexed eLibrary chapter	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Read Box V.1 and original central-bank rules for distinct old-note types and their rates; a single generic 1,000:1 statement is not enough for every eligible instrument.
S325	Kingdom of Lesotho: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix, Country Report 05/438 International Monetary Fund Indexed monetary-history passage on first loti issue	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve the full report, first-issue law and rand coexistence/exchange terms; parity alone does not prove a conversion parent.
S326	Quarterly Report I/2007 National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia Indexed statistical-table footnote on denomination	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Read the full footnote and original reform law to fix the ratio direction and exact day; research the separate 1992 introduction.
S327	Central Bank Myanmar government national portal Indexed Union Bank and Currency Board history paragraph	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Retrieve the full history and 1952 currency legislation to verify rupee/kyat unit treatment and exchange; an issuer transfer is not automatically a new species. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used.
S328	Finance & Development, volume 1 issue 3 — Rwanda and Burundi monetary institutions International Monetary Fund Indexed contemporary 1964 passage on separate banks and currencies	Review notes Substantive search-indexed passage inspected; direct full-document retrieval failed or returned blocking/error content. Only the specified passage is used. Read the complete article and national decrees to identify exact issue dates, conversion rates and the regional currency's territorial withdrawal.
S329	Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics Deutsche Bundesbank PDF p.209, Samoa, currency history	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect Samoa's original currency ordinance and local-pound definition; the metadata combines New Zealand/Western Samoan pound terminology.
S330	Encuesta de hogares: R70514A, destination of cash assistance Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador, Oficina Nacional de Estadística y Censos Variable description, conversion instruction	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect the Monetary Integration Law itself and colón tender/redemption provisions; trace the pre-2001 colón rather than treating dollar use as proven extinction.
S331	Decreto-Ley 17/2020, Gaceta Oficial No.68 Extraordinaria Republic of Cuba; original Gazette hosted by ILO NATLEX PDF pp.4–5 / printed pp.512–513, articles 2–7 and final provision four	Review notes Relevant substantive body or specified PDF passage directly inspected Inspect implementing rates and later deadline extensions, including the June 2021 amendment; the special Central Financing Account rule cannot stand for every cash conversion.
S332	Currency Ordinance, Chapter 124 — consolidation including 2007 amendments Government of Saint Helena Indexed printed p.3, heading and sections 3–4	Review notes Indexed heading and sections inspected; direct old and newer URLs returned errors. Exact historical commencement of each provision is not verified. Obtain the original 1975 ordinance, 1976 commencement instruments and first notes; later consolidated parity is not proof of a historical conversion parent.
S333	ISO 4217 Amendment 170 SIX Complete one-page amendment	Review notes Complete one-page maintenance-agency statement inspected. Carried from revision 07 audit; not reopened in revision 09. Establishes code handling and stated rescaling, not the complete Venezuelan decree or redemption procedure.
S334	East Africa and Uganda (Currency) Order in Council, 1905 — Gazette 1 June 1905 British Crown; East Africa and Uganda Official Gazette; Kenya Law scan Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Preamble and articles 4–5, 11–14, 16 and 22–25; printed pp.161–165 / PDF pp.3–7, text inspected Order dated 10 February 1905; territorial commencement proclamations and first note issue are not established by this text. The 1898 measure is known here through its recital, not inspection of the 1898 original.
S335	Colony and Protectorate of Kenya: Report for 1920–21, Colonial Reports Annual No.1122 (1922) Government of Kenya; His Majesty’s Stationery Office; University of Illinois scan Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Currency section, printed/PDF pp.4–5; p.4 visually checked, including 31 July 1920 board transfer Retrospective official account of instruments, not their complete original text. The 19 July proclamation date must not be assumed to be its effective date without the proclamation. Body inspected: April26 Order converts contractual rupee references to florins1:1, sterling references10:1; published June, commencement proclamation July19. Colonial accounts adopt new rate April1. This is obligation succession, not merely coin metrology.
S336	Kenya Gazette No.804, 16 December 1921: Proclamation 177 and Government Notices 461–462 Government of Kenya; Laws.Africa Gazettes archive Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Printed pp.1066–1067 / PDF pp.2–3 visually inspected: 10 August principal order, 7 November No.2 amendment and Kenyan commencement proclamation Kenya commencement is not automatically Uganda or Tanganyika commencement. The same-date amendment replaces the principal order’s subsidiary-coin exception. First physical shilling issue and actual later demonetisation remain separate questions.
S337	Central Bank of Kenya Act 1966, Act 15 — version at 3 June 1969 Republic of Kenya; Kenya Law Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Currency provisions, especially ss.22(4), 23 and 24, inspected in full HTML Consolidated historical text, not the as-made Gazette. Section-specific original commencement notices and actual exchange-start/withdrawal notices remain uninspected.
S338	Legal Tender of East African Shillings — Legal Notice 253 of 1966, original-date version Kenya Minister for Finance; Kenya Law Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Complete one-page notice, printed p.1 / PDF p.3; publication and commencement header inspected Version dated 23 August 1966. One-year interval runs from exchange start, which this notice does not date. It covers notes, not a universal coin withdrawal deadline.
S339	Decimal Currency Act, Chapter 45:02 (Act 30 of 1970), version at 31 December 2014 Republic of Malawi; MalawiLII / Laws.Africa Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Commencement table and ss.2, 15–17; printed pp.1, 4–6 / PDF pp.3, 6–8 inspected; payment table visually checked Not an as-made copy: carries Fifth Revised Edition / L.R.O.1/2018 annotation. Original commencement notices and actual cash withdrawal/redemption endpoints are still needed. Threepence equivalent is written in words; malformed parenthetical numeral is not transcribed.
S340	Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics, 24 September 2025 — Zambia entry Deutsche Bundesbank Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Title page and Zambia currency-history table, PDF p.269, directly inspected Same edition/work family as S98 and same URL as S329. Not independent corroboration of those records. The label Rhodesian pound in the 1957/1964 sequence needs reconciliation with federal issuer/legal terminology. Full exchange law is not supplied.
S341	Currency Board Financial Statements, Studies in Applied Economics No.22 — Central African section Nicholas Krus and Kurt Schuler Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Printed p.216 / PDF p.217 on Southern Rhodesia and Central Africa; earlier Kenya/EACB sections inspected as research leads Same work as S189. Underlying 1938–1956 laws and annual reports were not inspected. Issuer succession is not automatically a new currency unit or an at-par domestic replacement.
S342	Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Dissolution) Order in Council 1963, S.I.1963/2085 United Kingdom Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Title/commencement and s.1 on printed p.1; Part VI ss.66–70 on printed pp.24–25 visually inspected Original conditional deadlines do not establish whether later powers were exercised, or the actual last tender/redemption dates. Federal political dissolution and bank dissolution are distinct events. Official scan downloaded,page24rendered and OCRread. Section66continues federalcurrency afterdissolution,explicit onepoundunit and1965demonetizationwindow. Section70assets distributed toterritorialcentralbanks by surrendered federalcurrency. No1963currencyend.
S343	Currency History — Bank of Zambia, indexed account Bank of Zambia Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Substantive indexed opening and 1968–1974 sections inspected; direct page showed only a loading shell Opening mentions a 1965 kwacha, conflicting with its detailed 1968 account. Do not adopt the erroneous-looking opening or certify the 1974 withdrawal claim without original notices.
S344	History & Legacy — Bank of Uganda, indexed timeline Bank of Uganda Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Indexed institutional history and timeline entries for 1966–1967 inspected; direct page exposed no historical body Issuer transfer is distinct from currency conversion. Timeline’s 1 April 1967 EACB-note withdrawal differs from the September date in an indexed IMF legal account; original Ugandan notice is required.
S345	Membership and Nonmembership in the International Monetary Fund — chapter 4: Membership and Currency Joseph Gold; International Monetary Fund Claim-specific locators in evidence register	Review notes Indexed printed pp.115–116 on national East African currencies and former-board exchange inspected; full chapter retrieval returned 403 Statute summaries and regional 14 September 1967 withdrawal date are not substituted for the original territorial acts/notices. Conflicts with the indexed Bank of Uganda timeline remain open.
S346	Council Regulation (EC) 1103/97, 17 June 1997 Council of the European Union Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Articles 2–5 inspected in downloaded body ECU definition/presumption and contractual exceptions matter; arithmetic uses the published national-units-per-euro rate, not a rounded inverse.
S347	Council Regulation (EC) 974/98 — consolidation at 1 January 2026 Council of the European Union Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Articles 1–16 and full 21-country annex inspected in downloaded body Consolidation, not an as-made 1998 text. National short cash-withdrawal periods and every accession amendment were not individually audited. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S348	Council Regulation (EC) 2866/98 — consolidation at 1 January 2026 Council of the European Union Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Complete article 1 conversion table inspected in downloaded HTML; checked against ECB table Article 2’s original 1999 commencement does not backdate later-added currencies. Country-specific dates come from the separate 974/98 annex. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S349	Our money: membership, adoption and fixed conversion rates European Central Bank Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Opening paragraphs, adoption and all 21 conversion rows inspected Territorial use and monetary agreements are distinct from euro-area membership. This page does not establish every territory’s historic conversion.
S350	Exchanging national cash — time-limit table European Central Bank Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Table and Netherlands footnote inspected as at 11 October 2026 Summary only; series eligibility, exceptions and litigation require national issuer rules. Historical tender loss is not a redemption deadline.
S351	Bulgaria introduces the euro, 1 January 2026 European Central Bank Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Opening release and conversion-rate paragraph inspected Confirms implemented accession/cash launch, not every lev withdrawal or redemption rule.
S352	Council Regulation (EC) 3320/94 — definition of the ECU Council of the European Union Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Preamble and article 1 component names inspected HTML numeric table is malformed; no component weights are adopted from it. Basket membership is not evidence that each currency was replaced by the euro.
S353	Council Decision 75/250/EEC, 21 April 1975 — European unit of account for Lomé aid Council of the European Communities Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Preamble and articles 1–2 inspected Specific basket EUA and aid scope; not a blanket identity with older gold-based European units of account. Metadata end date is not used in place of operative later legislation. Full operative text freshly inspected. Article1 denominates Lomé Article42 aid in the specified basket unit; article2 computes its daily value. Preamble describes initial equivalence to IMF SDR value on28June1974, not conversion of SDR obligations.
S354	European Council resolution of 5 December 1978 on the European Monetary System European Council Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Annex 1 sections 1.2 and 2.1–2.2, PDF pp.8–9, parsed text inspected The 1 January 1979 start is a plan in this resolution; the later operational agreement is separately dated. EUA value/composition continuity does not imply retail banknotes. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S355	Council Decision 80/1184/EEC, 18 December 1980 — EUA replacement by ECU for ACP assistance Council of the European Communities Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Preamble and articles 1–3 inspected Sectoral substitution applies from 1 January 1981. It is not the ECU’s first creation or a universal 1981 replacement of every European unit. Full EUR-Lex act inspected, especially Articles1 and3; sectoral ACP assistance scope only. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S356	BIS Timelines — 1973–1993 Bank for International Settlements Claim-specific register locators	Review notes 13 March 1979 entry inspected Retrospective date of the signed EMS/ECU agreement; complete operating agreement and reserve-asset mechanics remain uninspected.
S357	The euro becomes the sole legal tender in all euro area countries, 28 February 2002 European Central Bank Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Opening and exchange paragraphs inspected Area-wide completion bound, not proof all twelve national currencies retained legal tender to the same day. Its redemption table is a 2002 policy snapshot.
S358	Germany and the euro European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Adoption and former-currency paragraphs inspected Distinguishes legal tender from voluntary acceptance. Original national legal instrument not inspected.
S359	Evaluation of the 2002 cash changeover, April 2002 European Central Bank Claim-specific register locators	Review notes Executive summary printed p.7; planned national scenarios printed p.50 / PDF p.52 inspected The p.50 table expressly records plans as at 20 December 2001. Dates are retained as planned, except Germany separately corroborated; no automatic actual-outcome claim.
S360	Münzkabinett Berlin — Aureus glossary Münzkabinett Berlin Aureus entry	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S361	Heidelberg NumiScience — Solidus Heidelberg NumiScience	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S362	Münzkabinett Berlin — Republican denarius, object 18225774 Münzkabinett Berlin	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S363	Académie française — Denier Académie française	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S364	Académie française — Sou Académie française	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S365	Académie française — Livre Académie française	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S366	Münzkabinett Berlin — Merovingian coin, object 18207570 Münzkabinett Berlin	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S367	Mark Blackburn — Money and coinage, New Cambridge Medieval History (2005) Mark Blackburn	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Publisher summary inspected; full chapter not inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S368	The Carolingian Economy — Money and price movements (2002) The Carolingian Economy	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Publisher summary inspected; full chapter not inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S369	Jean Lafaurie — Novi denarii and forgery in the ninth century (1983) Jean Lafaurie	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Publisher summary inspected; full chapter not inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S370	BnF — Pépin denier, Strasbourg, 755?–768 BnF	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S371	Académie française — Tournois Académie française	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S372	BnF — First franc, Jean II BnF	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S373	Jean-Marcel Jeanneney — OFCE monetary history (1988) Jean-Marcel Jeanneney Printed p.6 / PDF p.2	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S374	Banque de France — Working paper 422 (2013) Banque de France PDF p.15, footnote 7; 1796 date conflicts with S16	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S375	Citéco — Creation of the franc germinal Citéco	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S376	Légifrance — New-franc implementation decree (1959) Légifrance	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S377	ECB — Irrevocable euro conversion rates, 31 December 1998 ECB	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S378	European Commission — France and the euro European Commission	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S379	BCEAO — Présentation du musée de la monnaie BCEAO	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S380	BCEAO — Chronologie des événements marquants BCEAO Mali: PDF p.64; 1994: PDF p.77	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S381	French Treasury — La Zone franc de 1939 à aujourd’hui French Treasury	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Reopened official history: the cooperation arrangements continue with explicit euro parities. Published 26 September 2019. Does not establish all later institutional changes or current operation. No euro link inferred merely from French-franc ancestry.
S382	Légifrance — BEAC parity decision signed 11 January 1994 Légifrance Annex, Article 1: effective 12 January 1994	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S383	BCRG — Histoires de la monnaie BCRG	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S384	AFRISTAT — Price statistics methodological publication AFRISTAT PDF p.92: Mali conversion	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S385	Banque centrale des Comores — Histoire Banque centrale des Comores	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Retained baseline inspection: Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge.
S386	Banque centrale des Comores — Musée Banque centrale des Comores	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Selected modern-history claims inspected; early coin claims not adopted; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S387	IEOM — Annual report 2020, CFP history IEOM	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S388	Swissmint — Questions fréquentes Swissmint	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S389	Banque centrale du Congo — Historique de la banque Banque centrale du Congo	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S390	Banque centrale du Congo — Histoire des signes monétaires Banque centrale du Congo	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S391	Citéco — La presse à assignats Citéco	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S392	Charles Lelong — Monnaies carolingiennes trouvées en Touraine en 1970 (1971) Charles Lelong p.322; DOI 10.3406/racf.1971.1751	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; reviewer reopened selected passages. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S393	Musée départemental breton — Saint-Martin de Tours denier, 1150–1200 Musée départemental breton Inventory 2018.0.889	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S394	Law of 18 germinal an III — weights and measures Law of 18 germinal an III Articles V and VII; 7 April 1795. URL filename is misleading	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Transcription inspected; independent host, not original facsimile; reviewer reopened selected passages. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S395	BnF — Charles V franc à pied, 20 April 1365 BnF Royales 776; FRBNF38639914	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S396	Journal officiel, 26 December 1945 — Decree 45-0136 Journal officiel, 26 December 1945 PDF p.2; signed 25 December, effective 26 December; Articles 1–3	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Original gazette scan inspected visually through a mirror; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S397	US Treasury — Reporting rates, contemporary 1972 amendment US Treasury PDF p.31; amendment dated 1 November 1972	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Full PDF downloaded; amendment read. Effective2October1972,10francs=1syli; September closing balances francs and October–December balances syli.
S398	US National Monetary Commission — The National Bank of Belgium (1910) US National Monetary Commission Passage on law of 5 June 1832	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S399	Banque centrale du Luxembourg — Monetary history Banque centrale du Luxembourg	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; reviewer reopened selected passages. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Fresh full relevant body inspection: Belgian-franc accounting persisted despite thaler payments; Luxembourg label1918; parity1929 and divergence1935. Short institutional overview does not precisely settle nineteenth-century unit separation.
S400	Banque de la République du Burundi — History Banque de la République du Burundi	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S401	Historical Dictionary of Switzerland — Monnaie (2014) Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Helvetic Republic and federal monetary reform sections	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S402	Association of African Central Banks — Madagascar / BFM history Association of African Central Banks Colonial currency, 1963, and 2003–2005 sections	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; reviewer reopened selected passages. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread. Retained baseline inspection: Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; reviewer reopened selected passages.
S403	Djibouti official gazette — Decree 49-374 Djibouti official gazette Articles 1–2	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Articles inspected; site dates it 20 March, conflicting with signed-decree date cited by treaty; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S404	French Senate — France–Djibouti monetary convention (1977), bill 192 (1978–1979) French Senate PDF p.4 preamble cites decrees dated 17 March 1949; Article 7 separates entry into force from signature	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S405	Morocco Bulletin officiel 2451-bis, 19 October 1959 Morocco Bulletin officiel 2451-bis, 19 October 1959 Printed p.1613 / PDF p.2; dahir 1-59-364, 17 October 1959; Articles 1, 3–5	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: PDF pages 1–2 inspected visually; intermittent retrieval failures; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S406	Légifrance — Comoros parity decision signed 11 January 1994 Légifrance Annex: 75 KMF per FRF, effective 12 January 1994	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S407	Casimir Oye Mba, BEAC governor — Equatorial Guinea changeover notice, Le Monde, 28 December 1984 Casimir Oye Mba, BEAC governor Signed governor notice; changeover 2 January, exchange window 2–6 January 1985	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S408	Jean Lafaurie — Numismatique romaine et médiévale, EPHE Annuaire 1970–1971 (1971) Jean Lafaurie p.341: Vernon 755, Mantua 781, winter 793/794	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant text inspected; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S409	Revue belge de numismatique (1923) — Monnaies métalliques employées au Congo Revue belge de numismatique (1923) Printed pp.20–21 / PDF pp.9–10: 1887 standard; PDF p.25: 1909 Belgian-note acceptance	Review notes Franc handoff v2 reports: Relevant monetary-law passages inspected in facsimile/OCR; unrelated colonial-era historical speculation not adopted; not independently reopened in this merge. Use the imported claim scope and notes. Handoff acceptance is not a claim that every source was independently reread.
S410	History of Estonian money Eesti Pank Museum Estonian mark; first kroon; occupation; second kroon sections	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Estonian mark; first kroon; occupation; second kroon sections The museum simplifies Soviet reforms. Record their existence, but do not infer a universal 1947 conversion rate or uninterrupted territorial use. Official bank history inspected. Describes German-mark law as basis of finance when Estonian mark establishment decision made30 November1918. Distinguish early decision from operative1919 debt/account replacement; no gold parity ancestry.
S411	History of Eesti Pank Eesti Pank 20 June 1924; 1 January 1928; November 1940 entries	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; 20 June 1924; 1 January 1928; November 1940 entries Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S412	Par mūsu nacionālās valūtas atdzimšanu Kristīne Ducmane / Latvijas Vēstnesis 5 March 2003 retrospective; quoted decisions Nos. 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 of the Monetary Reform Committee	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; 5 March 2003 retrospective; quoted decisions Nos. 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 of the Monetary Reform Committee Official gazette retrospective quoting decisions; not separately retrieved original decision facsimiles.
S413	Interwar monetary history — lats introduction Viesturs Pauls Karnups / Latvijas Banka Indexed passage: 3 August 1922 Regulations on Money; 50 Latvian rubles per lats	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Indexed passage: 3 August 1922 Regulations on Money; 50 Latvian rubles per lats Full PDF retrieval failed; clear indexed historical passage used for the narrowly stated conversion. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S414	Centenary retrospective: establishment and liquidation of Latvijas Banka Latvijas Banka Historical background paragraphs; 1940–1941 and restoration	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Historical background paragraphs; 1940–1941 and restoration Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S415	Lithuania’s temporary monetary tokens of 1991–1993 Bank of Lithuania Money Museum 1991 commodity coupons; 1 May and 1 October 1992 paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; 1991 commodity coupons; 1 May and 1 October 1992 paragraphs Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S416	Banking Statistics Yearbook 2002 Bank of Lithuania Printed pp. 81–83: Main dates in the history of national banking	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Printed pp. 81–83: Main dates in the history of national banking Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S417	Money in Lithuania during the first Soviet occupation Bank of Lithuania Money Museum Main text: November 1940; 90 kopeks; 25 March 1941	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Main text: November 1940; 90 kopeks; 25 March 1941 Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S418	Decision introducing the kuna as the monetary unit Republic of Croatia / Narodne novine NN 37/1994, decision 682, Article III; Article VI delegates launch date	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; NN 37/1994, decision 682, Article III; Article VI delegates launch date Decision specifies ratio, but its signature/publication date must not be used as the actual currency launch.
S419	The story of the tolar Banka Slovenije 8 October 1991 temporary notes; 30 September 1992 regular banknotes	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; 8 October 1991 temporary notes; 30 September 1992 regular banknotes Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S420	Sbohem padesátihaléři, sbohem dvacetikoruno! — část 1 Jaroslav Moravec / Czech National Bank Opening historical overview of monetary units, 1892–1993	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Opening historical overview of monetary units, 1892–1993 Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S421	Monetary timeline Czech National Bank Monetary timeline on PDF page 2: 1919, 1939, 1945, 1953, 1993	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Monetary timeline on PDF page 2: 1919, 1939, 1945, 1953, 1993 Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S422	Zaujímavosti z histórie Slovenskej Národnej Banky Dana Kancelová / National Bank of Slovakia Historical article: regulations 44 and 45/1939; 4 April 1939	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Historical article: regulations 44 and 45/1939; 4 April 1939 Indexed article passage inspected; full issue not reopened in this batch.
S423	Július Pázman National Bank of Slovakia Obnova československej meny: proposed ratios rejected; 1 November 1945 actual 1:1 unification	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Obnova československej meny: proposed ratios rejected; 1 November 1945 actual 1:1 unification Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S424	OeNB history Oesterreichische Nationalbank Common ground; breakdown of old order; new beginning; Anschluss; Reconstruction	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Common ground; breakdown of old order; new beginning; Anschluss; Reconstruction Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S425	Annual Report 1998 — From the Schilling to the Euro Oesterreichische Nationalbank Printed pp. 16–17, schilling history and chronological table	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Printed pp. 16–17, schilling history and chronological table 1925 start differs from March coin/cash milestones in other issuer accounts; year-level integration avoids falsely choosing one event for all purposes.
S426	Workshop 13 — Austrian currency reform in 1892 Oesterreichische Nationalbank Printed p. 413: two kronen per gulden; gulden notes remained legal until 1900	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Printed p. 413: two kronen per gulden; gulden notes remained legal until 1900 Indexed full paragraph inspected; PDF body fetch failed. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S427	Bank of Finland 200 years, part I — Imperial Cashier to Central Bank Bank of Finland Printed p. 229, Towards monetary reform: 1860 proclamation and 1863 replacement in accounts	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Printed p. 229, Towards monetary reform: 1860 proclamation and 1863 replacement in accounts Relevant indexed paragraphs inspected; full PDF fetch timed out. No claim of full-volume inspection.
S428	Silver drachma of King Otto Alpha Bank Numismatic Collection The drachma as the new national currency: royal decree of 1833 and ancient name revival	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; The drachma as the new national currency: royal decree of 1833 and ancient name revival Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S429	Silver phoenix of Kapodistrias Alpha Bank Numismatic Collection Currency decision in 1828; minting in 1829; Spanish dollar value; Ottoman para displacement	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Currency decision in 1828; minting in 1829; Spanish dollar value; Ottoman para displacement Coin inscription year differs from minting year. The page mixes decree/circulation terminology; separate those observations and avoid an exact day for first circulation.
S430	Drachma banknotes Bank of Greece Postwar issue: 11 November 1944	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Postwar issue: 11 November 1944 Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S431	Drachma coins Bank of Greece 1947/1954 historical section: postwar ratio and 1954 rescaling	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; 1947/1954 historical section: postwar ratio and 1954 rescaling Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage.
S432	Coinage in Malta Central Bank of Malta PDF pp. 14–15: British legal tender from 1825; Order coins withdrawn by 1886; 1972 change	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; PDF pp. 14–15: British legal tender from 1825; Order coins withdrawn by 1886; 1972 change Scope is the cited historical passage; no claim of exhaustive lineage coverage. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S433	A Brief History of the Central Bank of Malta Central Bank of Malta Printed p. 135: pre-1968 currency notes; 16 May 1972 decimalization retaining pound	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 13; Printed p. 135: pre-1968 currency notes; 16 May 1972 decimalization retaining pound Indexed page inspected; server refused full 97 MB document. Do not use issuer establishment as currency birth. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S434	Modern Coins of Cyprus (1878–2008), Survey of Numismatic Research 2008–2013 Eleni Zapiti / International Numismatic Commission Printed p. 476, PDF p. 492: 1879 system; 1955 decimalization; 1983 cents	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 13; Printed p. 476, PDF p. 492: 1879 system; 1955 decimalization; 1983 cents Scholarly survey by collection author, not separately examined royal decrees. Gradual unit derivation inferred; exact national-currency separation remains open. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S435	Purchasing power comparisons — history of German money Deutsche Bundesbank History of money section, paragraphs on 1873, 1914 and 1924	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; History of money section, paragraphs on 1873, 1914 and 1924 Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S436	Das Papiergeld im Deutschen Reich 1871–1948 Deutsche Bundesbank Printed pp. 43, 107–110: Rentenbank notes; Reichsbank notes	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Printed pp. 43, 107–110: Rentenbank notes; Reichsbank notes PDF downloaded and relevant text inspected. Legal authorization, issue dates and note withdrawal are distinct milestones.
S437	The circulation of Deutsche Mark — from currency reform to European monetary union, March 2002 Deutsche Bundesbank Printed pp. 19–21; especially footnotes 5–6 on p. 20	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Printed pp. 19–21; especially footnotes 5–6 on p. 20 The extracted running text has a July/June error; use explicit effective date 21 June in the quoted Currency Act, independently matched by the timeline. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S438	Dates of German monetary policy — detailed version Deutsche Bundesbank 21 June 1948 and 1 July 1990 entries	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; 21 June 1948 and 1 July 1990 entries Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S439	History of the Bank of Russia Bank of Russia 1914, 1922–1924, 1947, 1992 and 1998 entries	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; 1914, 1922–1924, 1947, 1992 and 1998 entries Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Official full history re-inspected, especially 1922 entry expressly including tsar-era notes in the 10,000:1 conversion.1861 records silver-ruble balance sheets;1897 changes credit-note redemption to gold;1914 suspends redemption;1918 records cancellation of government loans separately from monetary history. This corroborates instrument identification without treating debt cancellation as currency extinction.
S440	Russian ruble: milestones in history Bank of Russia Museum From where the ruble went; Peter’s reform; Thaler rubles; Firm money; Witte’s reform	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; From where the ruble went; Peter’s reform; Thaler rubles; Firm money; Witte’s reform Museum synthesis. Earliest mention is evidence of attestation, not a precise currency birth. No single ingot-to-modern exchange factor inferred.
S441	Из жизни ассигнаций, или Почему упразднили Ассигнационный банк Bank of Russia Museum Sections 2, 5 and 7: copper redemption and 1839–1843 reform	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Sections 2, 5 and 7: copper redemption and 1839–1843 reform Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S442	Копейка: такая изменчивая и постоянная Bank of Russia Museum Sections 1–2: 1535 unification and Peter’s coinage	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Sections 1–2: 1535 unification and Peter’s coinage Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S443	Zgodovina deviznih tečajev 1945–1998 Banka Slovenije Introduction and sources/methods: 1966, 1990, 1992, 1993 redenominations	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Introduction and sources/methods: 1966, 1990, 1992, 1993 redenominations 1966 statistical effective date conflicts with August 1965 date in Serbian statistical table; retain a bounded reform period. Denar May 7 differs from Bundesbank May 10; use month precision.
S444	Serbia in figures 2002 — Currency circulation Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia PDF p. 34, printed p. 33: Dinar denominations and parity tables	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; PDF p. 34, printed p. 33: Dinar denominations and parity tables Contemporaneous official statistical compilation, citing National Bank of Yugoslavia. January 24 and January 26 rates differ; no timeless 1994 ratio.
S445	Serbia/Yugoslavia: from 1884 to 1940 Branko Hinić, Ljiljana Đurđević and Milan Šojić / National Bank of Serbia Printed pp. 295–296 and 299: monetary unification and wartime partition	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Printed pp. 295–296 and 299: monetary unification and wartime partition PDF downloaded and passages inspected. The post-imperial crown is scoped to local successor circulation, not every imperial crown everywhere. Coordinated full original-research inspection by western_roots: Serbian monetary system retained, dinar retained, bank transformed and renamed 26 January 1920. No independent debt-denomination conversion located.
S446	Governor’s speech: 150 years of the Serbian dinar National Bank of Serbia 21 December 2023; 1873 law, medieval naming and post-WWI retention	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; 21 December 2023; 1873 law, medieval naming and post-WWI retention Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S447	History of money in Serbia National Bank of Serbia Medieval money; Money of restored Serbia 1868–1918	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Medieval money; Money of restored Serbia 1868–1918 Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S448	We remain consistent in maintaining price and denar stability Anita Angelovska Bezhoska / National Bank of North Macedonia, hosted by BIS Address of 26 April 2020; opening historical paragraph and October 1995 strategy	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 14; Address of 26 April 2020; opening historical paragraph and October 1995 strategy Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S449	Coins and banknotes Kerryn Pollock / Te Ara, Ministry for Culture and Heritage Varied coins and banknotes; Old money; British withdrawal in 1935	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Varied coins and banknotes; Old money; British withdrawal in 1935 Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S450	Our Currency Story — Part 1 Reserve Bank of Fiji PDF p. 1: 1914 board, English coins and 1934 local coinage	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; PDF p. 1: 1914 board, English coins and 1934 local coinage Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S451	Brief History on the Central Bank Central Bank of Samoa Opening two paragraphs: Bank of New Zealand and Bank of Western Samoa	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Opening two paragraphs: Bank of New Zealand and Bank of Western Samoa Source calls BNZ-issued money British pounds. Read as the locally circulating New Zealand pound system, not proof of direct London issuance. Fullbody inspected: describes New Zealand currency before independence and subsequent change of issuing commercial bank. It supplies issuer continuity context, not an independent-unit creation event.
S452	The Reserve Bank and the Rand: Some historic reflections, 29 November 2001 T. T. Mboweni / South African Reserve Bank Section 2: local pound and first SARB notes on 19 April 1922	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Section 2: local pound and first SARB notes on 19 April 1922 Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S453	Monetary Systems in Hong Kong’s History Hong Kong Monetary Authority PDF pp. 2 and 4: silver-dollar basis, local 1866 issue and 1935 currency reform	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; PDF pp. 2 and 4: silver-dollar basis, local 1866 issue and 1935 currency reform Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Read English sections on sterling linkage, the 1972–1974 dollar peg and the 1983 link. Overview does not resolve operation during the Japanese occupation. Its retrospective present is not 2026.
S454	The Coin Galleries: Delhi Sultanate — Suris Pankaj Tandon / CoinIndia Introduction paragraph 4; dated Sher Shah rupee catalogue examples	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Introduction paragraph 4; dated Sher Shah rupee catalogue examples Original specialist catalogue. Rounded coin masses describe the reform, not an exchange rate. Late billon tanka is distinguished from earlier full-silver tanka.
S455	Tanka (coin), CM.IN.3101-R Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge Maker, dating 1454–1455 CE, material billon, catalogue D690	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Maker, dating 1454–1455 CE, material billon, catalogue D690 A dated specimen anchors the Lodi billon-tanka family; it does not establish an invariant weight or exchange value across all later issues.
S456	The Coins of India, 1922 C. J. Brown Chapter IX, printed pp. 91–92: Humayun’s restored coinage and Mughal adoption of the Suri rupee	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Chapter IX, printed pp. 91–92: Humayun’s restored coinage and Mughal adoption of the Suri rupee Early numismatic scholarship based on coins and earlier catalogues. Use the explicit standard succession only, not the book’s outdated generalisations or an invariant empire-wide standard.
S457	Empire to Independence Six-Coin Rupee Set The Royal Mint Introductory monetary history; William IV section; Victoria section	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Introductory monetary history; William IV section; Victoria section Mint-authored numismatic account accompanying a commercial set. Use historical passages only; no purchase recommendation. Bombay is one presidency input, not every local rupee.
S458	Decimal Coinage — a Fascinating History, 30 March 2007 Government of India, Ministry of Finance / Press Information Bureau Independence, Anna Series and 1957 decimalisation paragraphs	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Independence, Anna Series and 1957 decimalisation paragraphs Use explicit continuity of the rupee. The article’s opening broad age-of-coins statement and confused use of paise/pies are not adopted.
S459	Rupay ko Pehchano — History of Pakistani Banknotes State Bank of Pakistan Reserve Bank of India Issue; Government of Pakistan Issue	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; Reserve Bank of India Issue; Government of Pakistan Issue Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S460	Persian Gulf Issues Reserve Bank of India Monetary Museum Indexed museum body: separate Gulf-only note series and later withdrawal	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 15; Indexed museum body: separate Gulf-only note series and later withdrawal Full page retrieval unavailable; substantive institutional indexed passage inspected. Gulf-only notes are distinguished from domestic Indian legal tender.
S461	Currency Arrangements and Banking Legislation in the Arabian Peninsula, 1975 Michael Edo / International Monetary Fund Indexed historical paragraph: 11 May 1959 issue and six-week changeover	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 15; Indexed historical paragraph: 11 May 1959 issue and six-week changeover Direct HTML and PDF retrieval failed; only the indexed dated historical passage is used.
S462	Our History Central Bank of the UAE 1973 Currency Board entry: both replaced currencies	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 15; 1973 Currency Board entry: both replaced currencies Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S463	Rapport 2270, 27 January 2010: monetary history of the French Pacific Assemblée nationale / Hervé Gaymard Annex 2, II.C.2, paragraphs on 25–26 December 1945	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Annex 2, II.C.2, paragraphs on 25–26 December 1945 Monetary separation from the metropolitan franc, not proof that every local predecessor was identical or that wartime circulation was uninterrupted.
S464	La monnaie malgache Association of African Central Banks Colonial period: 1896 French currency; law of 22 December 1925 establishing distinct Malagasy franc issues	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Colonial period: 1896 French currency; law of 22 December 1925 establishing distinct Malagasy franc issues Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S465	Collections: Protectorate monetary system Central Bank of Tunisia, Currency Museum Monnayage du Royaume de Tunisie sous le protectorat français, 1891 reform	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Monnayage du Royaume de Tunisie sous le protectorat français, 1891 reform Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Full relevant institutional collection-history sections read. The bank's museum explicitly says the Tunisian piastre was replaced by the French monetary unit, the franc, in1891, under a beylical decree. Earlier section describes the riyal system. This establishes unit replacement, not just a new coin type; no original decree text or universal conversion rate inspected. Contemporary original report La Tunisie confirms article1 in search-indexed text but full PDF download repeatedly failed502, so it is not counted as inspected evidence. Reopened and read the institutional account of the 1891 replacement of the piastre by the French monetary unit. Institutional history; original beylical decree not inspected. Exact implementation day and universal conversion ratio are not established.
S466	Papers relating to foreign affairs 1867, document 313 United States Department of State / Samuel B. Ruggles Appendix No. 2, monetary convention of 23 December 1865, articles 1–5	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Appendix No. 2, monetary convention of 23 December 1865, articles 1–5 Use the treaty text and defined coin standard only. The report’s earlier account of English medieval money is not adopted.
S467	Annual Report 2013: Tracing the Origins of Money in Barbados Central Bank of Barbados PDF page 2: sterling circulation, mixed dollar notes, BCCB succession in 1951	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; PDF page 2: sterling circulation, mixed dollar notes, BCCB succession in 1951 Regional succession compressed at family level; additional territorial issues remain expandable. No universal exchange rate inferred. Official PDF historical article inspected, PDF2.1951takeover explicitly concerns note circulation, whereas1973replacement explicitly says Barbados dollar replaced EC dollar. This supports retaining caution for the earlier identity boundary; no upgrade merely from issuer change.
S468	Central banking history booklet Central Bank of The Bahamas Panel: Bahamas Currency Board 1919–1968; issue and redemption against sterling	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 16; Panel: Bahamas Currency Board 1919–1968; issue and redemption against sterling Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S469	Colonial annual reports 1911–1930 Falkland Islands Government / National Archives 1923 report, Currency: British sterling and local pound notes under the 7 March 1899 order	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 16; 1923 report, Currency: British sterling and local pound notes under the 7 March 1899 order Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S470	Annual Report 2019–2020 Bank of Mauritius Page 124, Board of Currency Commissioners: Indian rupee legal tender 1876–1934; local note issues	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Page 124, Board of Currency Commissioners: Indian rupee legal tender 1876–1934; local note issues Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S471	Reseña histórica de la moneda de Guatemala Banco de Guatemala Paragraphs on November 1924 reform, initial dollar equivalence and 60-peso conversion	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Paragraphs on November 1924 reform, initial dollar equivalence and 60-peso conversion Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Reopened reform account: deliberate dollar equivalence, sixty-peso conversion and subsequent issues. Institutional history, not the original law; 1924–1925 is the reform/implementation window. A permanent dollar peg is not established by this passage.
S472	Memoria 1947 Banco Central de la República Dominicana Opening monetary reform account: peso issue from 23 October 1947 and conversion of US currency	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Opening monetary reform account: peso issue from 23 October 1947 and conversion of US currency Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S473	Aide-mémoire of 14 January 1935, FRUS document 889 Panamanian Legation / US Department of State Quotation of articles I–II of 20 June 1904 monetary agreement	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Quotation of articles I–II of 20 June 1904 monetary agreement Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S474	Act of 2 March 1903, chapter 980, 32 Stat. 952 United States Congress Section 1, Philippine gold peso and two-peso/one-dollar standard; sections 3, 5 and 7 on earlier coinage	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Section 1, Philippine gold peso and two-peso/one-dollar standard; sections 3, 5 and 7 on earlier coinage Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S475	Los descubrimientos de Carmencita Banco Central de Nicaragua Account of the 20 March 1912 law establishing the córdoba equal to the US dollar	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Account of the 20 March 1912 law establishing the córdoba equal to the US dollar Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S476	Reseña histórica de la moneda nacional Banco Central de Nicaragua 1878–1879 peso issues; 1912 law and 1913 circulation; 1988 and 1990 reforms	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; 1878–1879 peso issues; 1912 law and 1913 circulation; 1988 and 1990 reforms Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S477	Dinheiro no Brasil, second edition, 2004 Banco Central do Brasil Printed pages 6–10: imported Portuguese and Spanish coins, 1642 revaluation, 1694 provincial recoinage	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Printed pages 6–10: imported Portuguese and Spanish coins, 1642 revaluation, 1694 provincial recoinage Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S478	Brazilian Monetary System Reforms Banco Central do Brasil Reform entries 1942, 1967, 1970, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1993 and 1994	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Reform entries 1942, 1967, 1970, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1993 and 1994 Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S479	Síntese dos Padrões Monetários Brasileiros Banco Central do Brasil, Museu de Valores Réis entry: Portuguese origin, colonial circulation authorization in 1568 and 1942 conversion	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Réis entry: Portuguese origin, colonial circulation authorization in 1568 and 1942 conversion Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S480	Boletim Notas e Moedas, October 2010 Banco de Portugal Page 5: real attributed to Duarte in 1435; 22 May 1911 escudo reform at 1000 réis	Review notes Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 16; Page 5: real attributed to Duarte in 1435; 22 May 1911 escudo reform at 1000 réis The 1435 attribution is used as an attestation by that year, not a claim that no earlier real coins existed. Medieval coin and account-unit epochs remain expandable. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S481	Billetes y monedas: Emisiones anteriores Banco Central de la República Argentina Peso moneda nacional, peso ley, peso argentino, austral and peso sections	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; Peso moneda nacional, peso ley, peso argentino, austral and peso sections The austral paragraph mislabels its predecessor as Peso Ley while using the peso argentino symbol. The chronological predecessor is checked against Bundesbank metadata; 15 June 1985 is the issuer’s effective date.
S482	Historical coinage exhibit, entry 26 Banco Central de Bolivia 29 June 1863 decimal monetary law: boliviano or peso fuerte and centavos	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected in revision 16; 29 June 1863 decimal monetary law: boliviano or peso fuerte and centavos Only the cited passage is used; broader ancestry remains expandable.
S483	From the Fall of Rome to Charlemagne (c.400–800) Alessia Rovelli, in Rory Naismith (ed.), Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages (2018), pp. 63–92 pp. 65–66, 79, 81–82	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Coinage continuity supports a qualified seventh-century extension, not a complete local account sequence. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S485	DARIC Michael Alram, Encyclopaedia Iranica VII/1, pp. 36–40 Opening; Introduction; Metrology and denominations; pay paragraph	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Inventory mentions are not by themselves evidence of obligations denominated in the unit. Metrological details differ from Kroll.
S486	Historicising the money of account: a critique of monetary nominalism Stefano Sgambati (2020), author manuscript pp. 17–19	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Broad narrative through Bloch; not an independently dated local succession chain.
S487	Concilium Liptinense, canon on ecclesiastical property Patrologia Latina 89, cols. 809–810, transcription IV, paragraph beginning Statuimus quoque; col. 809C	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Not a manuscript inspection. Read alongside the Capitularia dating record.
S488	Karlmanni principis capitulare Liptinense [BK 11] Capitularia, University of Cologne Date table; transmission and editions	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Dating varies between 743 and 743–744; does not itself transcribe the payment clause.
S489	Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, XXXIII: BK 135 c.2 Capitularia, University of Cologne fols. 147v–148r, BK 135 c.2; catalogue dates text to 816	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision The 40-denarius exception concerns Saxon/Frisian killing of a Salic Frank; not every interregional payment.
S490	Das Wertverhältnis des alexandrinischen Billon-Tetradrachmons zur Reichswährung unter Augustus und Tiberius Fritz Mitthof, Chiron 39 (2009), pp. 193–208 p. 203, receipts of 71/72–88 and P.Achm. 8 (197 CE)	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Documentary exchange attestations do not establish unit succession; primary papyri have not been independently collated here.
S491	Sardeis: mortgage of Mnesimachos to the temple of Artemis CHANGE, Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents, Oxford I.Sardis I 1, I.2–10 and column II; third-century BCE dating	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Monetary metadata inspected, not the stone. Chrysous is not automatically a daric or a particular Macedonian coin. Complete date and monetary metadata inspected; scholarly database is used chiefly for the conservative date envelope.
S492	Monetary Regulations of the Carolingians, 750–817 Fordham Internet Medieval Sourcebook, after Cave and Coulson 797, chapter 11; 794 chapter 5	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision Page labels the early Pippin text c.750; do not use that heading to override the critical date of 755.
S493	S 1507: Will of King Alfred Electronic Sawyer, Cambridge Second part, monetary bequests; catalogue date, MSS and comments	Review notes Old English monetary passage and catalogue inspected Later copies; catalogue records competing assessments of textual layers. No penny ratio in the inspected clause.
S494	S 1287: Denewulf’s Alresford lease Electronic Sawyer, Cambridge; translation after Robertson, Charters no. 15 Date, MSS, authenticity comments, complete short translation and Old Text	Review notes Primary text and translation inspected Date is 879–908, not an exact year. Surviving witness is a mid-twelfth-century copy.
S495	The last will and testament of Alfred the Great British Library, Medieval Manuscripts, 29 July 2013 Alfred’s will paragraphs	Review notes Curatorial account inspected Gives c.885; use Sawyer’s wider range in structured dating. No independent proof of 240 pence in this passage.
S496	Anglo-Saxon Law and Numismatics: A Reassessment in the Light of Patrick Wormald’s The Making of English Law Elina Screen, British Numismatic Journal 77 (2007), pp.150–172 p.166, table: VI Æthelstan, sixth clause §§1–2; c.935	Review notes Relevant PDF text inspected Primary legal excerpts through Attenborough’s translation; c.935 is approximate. Browser screenshot retrieval failed; table text checked against a separate study.
S497	Units of account in gold and silver in seventh-century England: scillingas, sceattas and pæningas John Hines, The Antiquaries Journal 90 (2010), pp.153–173; DOI 10.1017/S0003581510000089 pp.153–155, table 1 and notes 9–11; pp.158–159	Review notes Relevant research passages inspected Regional shillings differ. Proposed ancient metal equivalences are interpretations, not a dated succession chain. Complete PDF accessible; printed pp.153–155 and source/chronology argument inspected. Distinguish observed legal denominations from proposed bimetallic reconstruction.
S498	Æthelstan’s Grately Code, c.926–c.930 Christopher Monk, Kent Archaeological Society Dating and transmission; translation on transactions over twenty pennies	Review notes Critical transcription/translation page inspected Grately is distinct from the London code. A single coinage instruction does not itself define the pound.
S499	Angers 22: loan secured on a vineyard Formulae–Litterae–Chartae, Hamburg Academy / University of Hamburg Angers 22, loan and repayment clauses; Fulda D1 fols.150v–151r	Review notes Latin edition, regest and German translation inspected An anonymized model document with placeholder amounts and years, not an individually dated surviving transaction.
S500	Die Sprache der Formeln von Angers Christoph Walther, University of Hamburg (26 November 2018) Opening paragraph and note 1	Review notes Collection description inspected Late-sixth-century background applies to underlying documents as a collection; it cannot supply an exact date for formula 22.
S501	Lex Salica: transmitted Latin text Wikisource transcription of a historical edition Title XVII §§3,6,8; debt-enforcement passage	Review notes Relevant Latin clauses inspected Transcription, not critical manuscript collation. Do not assign each monetary clause to Clovis merely from the code’s traditional attribution.
S502	Lex Salica: redactions and manuscript bibliography Bibliotheca legum, University of Cologne Introduction, versions A/C/K and bibliography	Review notes Critical catalogue inspected Dates redactions; not an edition proving the date of each conversion clause.
S503	Capitulare legibus additum (803), BK 39 c.9 Capitularia, University of Cologne; Vatican Reg. Lat.1036 Manuscript contents: 2r–4v; transcription BK 39 c.9 on fol.4r	Review notes Primary manuscript transcription and dating inspected Royal debt settlement has an explicit Salic-fine exception; not a universal replacement rule.
S504	Mnésimachos, Hérodote et le système tributaire achéménide Raymond Descat, Revue des Études Anciennes 87 (1985), pp.97–112; DOI 10.3406/rea.1985.4196 p.101; bibliographic record	Review notes Page 101 body inspected; neighboring pages not retrieved Reconstructed fiscal arithmetic, not a preserved pre-conquest assessment or an explicit ancient conversion decree.
S505	Estates and the Land in Early Hellenistic Asia Minor: The Estate of Krateuas Peter Thonemann, Chiron 39 (2009), pp.363–393 pp.386–387 and notes 98–101; supporting context pp.385–389	Review notes Text and page images of pp.386–387 inspected Endorses Descat’s reconstruction; not independent documentary confirmation of the earlier assessment.
S506	Epigraphic Dossier, no.7: A Grant of Land from Antigonus Used as Security for a Loan Soldiers, Wages, and the Hellenistic Economies, Cambridge University Press No.7: date; Greek I.9–10 and II.7–19; accompanying translation	Review notes Greek and English text compared Internal mismatch: Greek I.9 gives four obols, English gives three. Date of inscription must be distinguished from land grant.
S507	A Financial Agreement between Artemis and Mnesimachos: The Man Who Bamboozled the Goddess Fikret Yegül, Greece & Rome 71.1 (2024), pp.92–119; DOI 10.1017/S0017383523000256 Public abstract and notes 18–20,31	Review notes Abstract and substantive notes inspected; not full article body Notes report objections by Billows and Monson; those cited works have not been independently read here.
S508	Late Ptolemaic Capitation Taxes and the Poll Tax in Roman Egypt Andrew Monson, BASP 51 (2014), pp.127–160; DOI 10.2143/BASP.51.0.3206259 Publisher abstract	Review notes Abstract inspected; Michigan full-text endpoint failed A prioritized lead. No primary papyrus collation or new currency-succession claim admitted.
S509	Metropolitan Museum of Art: Old Babylonian frog weight, object 1988.301	Review notes Curatorial object record; inscription and metrological explanation inspected.
S510	Martha T. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor	Review notes Scholarly edition, hosted OCR copy; table of weights and LH sections 139–140 inspected. OCR and third-party hosting recorded. Relevant complete provisions plus chronological introduction inspected in hosted OCR. Existing source ID verified in v25 evidence-store. Limitations: Legal valuation is attested; the text is not a transaction ledger and does not prove universal enforcement. Third-party OCR hosting. Middle chronology ca.1750 BCE.
S511	Code of Hammurabi, L. W. King translation, Avalon	Review notes Primary text in old translation; sections 17, 139–140, 215–217 checked. Gold/silver discrepancy flagged.
S512	C. H. W. Johns, Babylonian Law—The Code of Hammurabi, Avalon	Review notes Historical encyclopaedia overview, not the code itself; divorce-settlement discussion checked.
S513	Aristotle, Athenian Constitution 10, Avalon	Review notes Ancient retrospective narrative; equivalent passage used because supplied Perseus page was unavailable.
S514	Gil (Gillan) Davis, Dating the Drachmas in Solon’s Laws, Historia 61 (2012), 127–158	Review notes Author-uploaded paper; introduction and argument inspected. DOI 10.25162/historia-2012-0008.
S515	John H. Kroll, Early Iron Age Balance Weights at Lefkandi, Euboea, OJA 27 (2008), 37–48	Review notes Publisher abstract and bibliography inspected; full paper not obtained. DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0092.2007.00294.x.
S516	Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG 66.125: Decree about weights and measures	Review notes Translation and notes inspected, especially section 4 and notes 1, 7–9. Text combines an old transcript of a lost copy with an extant fragment.
S517	CDLI P260960 / PBS 08/1, 061	Review notes Old Babylonian Nippur tablet; transliteration and translation inspected. Bronze-sickle weight, not silver payment.
S518	Acilian Law on Recovery of Extorted Property, Avalon	Review notes Translation inspected for a sesterce-denominated fine; Avalon dates the law to 122 BCE.
S519	Agrarian Law, Avalon	Review notes Translation inspected, sections 18 and 37; Avalon dates the law to 111 BCE.
S520	Anglo-Saxon Law: Extracts, Avalon	Review notes Edgar’s Hundred Ordinance, section 3, inspected; precise recension and chronology need checking before import.
S521	The Coinage of Offa Revisited Rory Naismith, British Numismatic Journal 80 (2010), 76–106 pp.76–77 and chronology discussion	Review notes Full-volume PDF passages inspected Targets are approximate standards, not identical measured weights of every surviving penny.
S522	The monetary system of Russia prior to the foundation of the Expedition of Storing State Papers Goznak	Review notes Indexed substantive passages checked; direct page fetch failed Institutional historical summary; no verified PSZ citation. Weight equivalence is not automatically fine-silver equivalence.
S523	Did the ruble collapse after Peter I’s monetary reform? Artem Efimov, Russian History (2022), DOI 10.31857/S0869568722020091	Review notes Article body and archival references inspected Distinguishes official, market and silver-content rates; reported Perry evidence checked through this paper, not original English edition.
S524	Numismatic monuments in the collection of Gokhran of Russia Gokhran, 13 October 2016 1654, 1655 and Petrine coinage paragraphs	Review notes Institutional collection account inspected General collection account; not a technical X-ray study of a named Hermitage specimen.
S525	Peter the Great chronology: 23 January / 2 February 1698 HSE University Decree description and note 2: PSZ III, No.1616, pp.427–428	Review notes Scholarly chronology and citation inspected Original PSZ III scan not inspected in this check.
S526	Peter the Great chronology: 23 February 1704 HSE University Decree description and note 5: PSZ IV, No.1969, p.247	Review notes Scholarly chronology and citation inspected Original entry not visually checked in this check.
S527	Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, first collection, Volume IV (1830) Russian Empire Printed p.228, No.1950; PDF page 230	Review notes Downloaded original scan; extracted text checked against rendered page image No.1950 is a forest decree, not the monetary legislation sought.
S528	Decree No.48, 15 July 1992 Central Bank of Azerbaijan Articles 1–3: introduction, coexistence and settlement ratio	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S529	The Georgian Hyperinflation and Stabilization, WP/99/65 IMF Currency introduction and replacement, October 1995	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.
S530	Bancnotă 1000 cupoane Republic of Moldova cultural heritage register Description of the temporary account unit and replacement	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S531	História Banco de Cabo Verde 1 July 1977: national issues replace Banco Nacional Ultramarino notes	Review notes Search-indexed central-bank history inspected; direct retrieval failed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S532	43rd anniversary of the metical Banco de Moçambique Law 2/80, 16 June: metical replaces the escudo	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S533	El régimen monetario orgánico del Paraguay Banco Central del Paraguay Replacement of pesos fuertes; decree-law 655 of 5 October 1943	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S534	70 years of the forint: from hyperinflation to price stability Magyar Nemzeti Bank Post-war inflation and introduction of the forint	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S535	The history of central banking in Poland Narodowy Bank Polski April 1924 złoty replacement of the Polish mark	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S536	Sheqel series Bank of Israel 1969 currency law; February 1980 implementation	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S537	History of the formation of Iraqi currency Central Bank of Iraq Opening history: Indian rupee circulation to 1932 and currency-board succession	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S538	Annual report 2001 National Bank of Ukraine Financial statements: hryvnia replaced karbovanets in September 1996	Review notes Search-indexed central-bank financial-statement passage inspected; direct PDF retrieval returned 403. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S539	AFGHANI Abdul Hai Habibi, Encyclopaedia Iranica Currency-unit standards, 1925 book implemented in 1926; former Kabuli rupee	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.
S540	An Analysis of Seychelles’ Currency Board (1914–1978) Tanay Agarwal, Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics Printed pp.2–4: Mauritian currency, 1914 local issue, 1947 withdrawal	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant history pp.2–6 inspected. Original research digitizes colonial blue books/gazettes; legislation descriptions and deposit evidence distinguished from direct law inspection.
S541	Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 United States Department of Commerce Country entries Ceylon and Siam; contemporary account of currency legislation	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Local previously downloaded full PDF text inspected, country sections read. Read selected full pages of PDF text locally, specifically printed38–42,69–70,118–119; also source introduction. No whole-volume review. Limits: Government investigator synthesis of contemporary consular/financial reports. Some legislation quoted or paraphrased rather than original legislation scanned. Tibetan silver-content figure appears unreliable and is not used.1913Travancore establishment assertion cannot be treated as birth given1861account evidence. Existing local full-text file inspected at relevant country passages. Customs unit explicitly bookkeeping unit; Mauritius account unit explicitly British Indian rupee, hence earlylocal-note issuance does not establish separate monetary identity.
S542	Reforma Monetária — compêndio de diplomas legais Banco Central de São Tomé e Príncipe Historical background and decree-law 23/76; escudo-to-dobra transition	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Search-index full relevant historical passage inspected; page result identifies decrees 23/76,50/76 and 27/77–28/77. Mark indexed, not newly inspected statute.
S543	Bank of Taiwan issues New Taiwan Dollar specimen note Ministry of Finance, Republic of China Historical description: Taiwan dollars replaced Taiwanese yen in May 1946; 1949 rescaling	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.
S544	Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela: Moneda Fundación Empresas Polar 1871 venezolano monetary unit and 31 March 1879 bolívar reform	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full signed scholarly entry inspected, including bibliography. Research synthesis by specialist authors; actual 1871 decree not yet retrieved. Colonial arithmetic includes apparent errors, not used.
S545	Reconstrucción de series de valor del comercio exterior de Honduras, 1880–1930 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid repository Historical currency/accounting discussion; decree 102 of 1926 and 1931 circulation	Review notes Search-indexed research passage inspected; direct PDF retrieval failed. Author metadata and full text remain to be checked. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Successfully downloaded repository PDF786237 bytes and inspected pp117/120; also author-uploaded full text. Paragraph identifies Honduran fiscal/trade sources using pesos plata among account currencies. Footnote5 dates official peso plata to1879,100 centavos; connects it to decree102of3April1926 and lempira circulation1931. 1879 establishment sentence cites Mood1930p89, not reproduced primary decree. Multiple currencies occur in trade sources, so do not assume every1880 total used peso. No evidence here for Spanish or Central American parent. FullPDF retrieved previously and reread. Localtradeaccounts pesosplata;1879officialunit;1926decree102replacementlempira and1931circulation. Prior graphclaim indexed-only access is obsolete. Originallaw1926mirror404; no primarycontractconversionread.
S546	147. mál: verðgildi íslensks gjaldmiðils Alþingi Historical explanatory memorandum: 1885 local notes, 1918 sovereignty, 1920 divergence, 1926 withdrawal	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Body inspected: Danish1873currency law applied until1968; sovereign coinage right1918; parity until1920; local coins1922. No separate-unit creation in1885 or blanket account conversion established.
S547	Museum Collection Bank Indonesia Riau Islands Rupiah section: replacement by the general rupiah on 1 July 1964	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.
S548	Financial history: Jinan currency Shandong provincial historical gazetteer Currency issue ceased in December 1948; withdrawal at 100 Jinan yuan per first-series renminbi yuan	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.
S549	Act XIII of 1836: Sicca Rupees and Pice; financial notice of 23 May 1836 Governor General in Council, India Code archive Act section I and appended Treasury notice: legal tender ends in 1838; exchange into Company rupees	Review notes Search-indexed statutory text inspected; full PDF retrieval returned 404. Recheck scan before treating the transcription as fully verified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S550	The multiple currencies of Sweden–Finland 1534–1803 Rodney Edvinsson, Sveriges Riksbank Figure 4.1, printed p.136; section 4.5.2, pp.184–189; table 4.6	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S551	Zurich, Gesetz betreffend den Reduktionsfuß für Umwandlung der im Kanton Zürich bestehenden Geldverträge in die neue eidgenössische Währung Zurich StAZH OS8 pp228–231, §§1–5	Review notes Full 3-page archival transcription inspected Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S552	Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich, Actum 1803 (2003) Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich p168, Anhang2 Währungen	Review notes Relevant full page inspected Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full appendix inspected: old francs expressly identified as Helvetic francs, distinguished from new federal francs; local gulden and coin circulation separately described.
S553	Mugur Isărescu, 140 de ani de la instituirea sistemului monetar național modern, BNR25April2007; university-hosted copy Mugur Isărescu slides3–7,10–11	Review notes Full PDF text inspected; original BNR URL redirects to homepage Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S554	Georgeta Ghionea, Istoria băncilor urbane din Oltenia (1880–1948) Georgeta Ghionea pp59–60, especially statutory conversion and implementation	Review notes Relevant pages inspected Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S555	TBMM Zabit Ceridesi, DevreII Cilt20 İçtima33,30December1341/1925 TBMM Zabit Ceridesi printed p305, PDF page17(index16), voted Article1; debate pp299–310	Review notes Article1 and immediately surrounding proceedings inspected; numerical totals OCR inconsistent, do not transcribe totals Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Article 1 and immediately surrounding proceedings inspected; numerical totals OCR inconsistent, do not transcribe totals Fresh inspection of full enacted articles1,3,5 and surrounding vote records in official historical parliamentary publication. Not merely bill title. Article5 continues the compulsory-acceptance rule of the1915law. Article3 supplies actual exchange mechanism. OCR totals intentionally omitted.
S556	Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, Emission Group Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye First Emission Group section, paragraphs before E1 banknotes	Review notes Full section inspected Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Full section inspected Existing v23 inspected official first-emission history retained; not refetched this pass. Documents5December1927 issue implementation.
S557	Şevket Pamuk, A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge2000 Şevket Pamuk pp95–96,159–165,177,208	Review notes Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity Inspected cached full book pp30–33. Ilkhanid design borrowing and mint-weight unit adoption are explicit; coin-weight continuity is uncertain and Byzantine comparison hypothetical. No inspected paragraph documents conversion of existing debts/accounts.
S558	Egypt monetary reform decree14November1885, translated in US Director of Mint1886 report Egypt monetary reform decree14November1885 printed pp385–386; PDF index153–154, Articles1,17	Review notes Full decree inspected Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full decree inspected Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Full decree inspected Reinspected government-hosted PDF text of decree14November1885, pp.385–386, arts1,17 and surrounding provisions. Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription. Article17 is cash-transition evidence, not a universal contract-conversion clause.
S559	Central Bank of Egypt, Brief History Regarding Banknote Development in Egypt Central Bank of Egypt Opening historical paragraphs	Review notes Body text retrieved in search result Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S560	Hong Kong Ordinance No. 1 of 1864: Conversion of British Currency, with Governor proclamation 22 January 1864 Hong Kong Ordinance No. 1 of 1864: Conversion of British Currency Section 1; preamble; Governor proclamation; 1890 edition vol.1 pp.572–575	Review notes Full official-law transcription inspected; OCR imperfections do not affect currency/conversion provisions. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S561	Philippine Commission Act No.1045, 27 January 1904 Philippine Commission Act No.1045 Sections 1, 3–6, 8, 11–12	Review notes Full statutory text inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S562	Common Monetary System Regulations for Curaçao and Sint Maarten, English translation Common Monetary System Regulations for Curaçao and Sint Maarten Articles 3,16–18,20; PDF pp.4,7–8	Review notes Full statutory English translation inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S563	Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten Money Museum: Curaçao Coins History Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten Money Museum: Curaçao Coins History The Dutch coinage system; A Separate Series of Coins for the Antilles	Review notes Full issuer-museum page inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S564	Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten Money Museum: Curaçao Banknotes History Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten Money Museum: Curaçao Banknotes History 1827 issue; Netherlands Antilles; Bank v/d Nederlandse Antillen	Review notes Full issuer-museum page inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S565	Patrick Imam, Introducing the Euro as Legal Tender—Benefits and Costs of Eurorization for Cape Verde, IMF WP09/146 (2009) Patrick Imam Appendix 1, pp.30–33, especially p.30 and historical table	Review notes Full paper retrieved from academic mirror after IMF endpoints failed; Appendix p.30 inspected and table indexed. Original IMF URL https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09146.pdf. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S566	Ding Hao, A Brief History of Macao Currency, Macau Memory; excerpt from Macau Currency (2019), pp.10–33 Ding Hao Main paragraph; authorship/source metadata at bottom	Review notes Full Chinese paragraph inspected and translated; Macau Foundation-hosted excerpt from original numismatic history. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Full Chinese paragraph inspected and translated; Macau Foundation-hosted excerpt from original numismatic history.
S567	Caixa Geral de Depósitos Historical Heritage Office: Primeiras Notas Portuguesas em Macau Caixa Geral de Depósitos Historical Heritage Office: Primeiras Notas Portuguesas em Macau PDF pp.1–2	Review notes Full relevant issuer-archive narrative inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Full relevant issuer-archive narrative inspected.
S568	Lou Shenghua, Acções de beneficência e de interesse público a cargo do sector do jogo de Macau até à abolição do monopólio, Administração104 (2014), pp.385–408 Lou Shenghua pp.387,391–392, footnotes2,12–15	Review notes Full passages inspected; original archival scholarship published by Macao administration. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S569	Erasmus, Leichter and Menkulasi, Dedollarization in Liberia—Lessons from Cross-country Experience, IMF WP09/37 Erasmus Printed pp.3–4; Table1 and footnotes	Review notes Full PDF inspected, with conflicting dates noted rather than silently reconciled. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S570	North Korean People’s Committee Decree No. 30: Decision on issuance of new currency and exchange of existing currency North Korean People’s Committee; digitized by National Institute of Korean History Decree 30, arts 1–3,5–6,9; Gazette No.38, 22 December 1947	Review notes Full relevant Korean/Hanja transcription directly inspected. Arts1–3 establish sole unlimited public/private settlement currency, withdraw Bank of Chosen pre-15-Aug-1945 notes and Soviet army notes, exchange each old won/yen at one new won. Arts5,9 cover deposits and debts. English paraphrase is my translation of the Korean/Hanja source. Does not alone establish exact 1945 territorial identity split or earlier relation to Japanese yen. Soviet army notes remain associated instruments. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official archival transcription inspected. Correction to earlier research shorthand: article9 is a temporary debt/deposit moratorium, not a stated conversion formula for deposits; article5 addresses pre-existing deposits and blocked surplus exchange balances. Article1 sole public/private settlement money; article3 cash conversion at par.
S571	1947 currency reform Lee Young-hoon, National Institute of Korean History, Korean Cultural History Section 1947년 화폐 개혁, opening and concluding paragraphs	Review notes Body inspected. Exchange 6–12 December1947, notes at par, financial split between North and South. Soviet notes were denominated in existing won and circulated at par from September1945. Historical analysis, not legislation; use mainly to interpret territorial branching. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Body inspected. Exchange 6–12 December1947, notes at par, financial split between North and South. Soviet notes were denominated in existing won and circulated at par from September1945. Historical analysis, not legislation; use mainly to interpret territorial branching.
S572	Socialist Transformation in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: An Economic Report, Volume II: Annexes World Bank, East Asia and Pacific Region Report2282-LA, Annex I p2 para5 (PDF p6)	Review notes Full relevant paragraph inspected in browser PDF and locally downloaded PDF/text. In June1976 Vientiane kip was demonetized and replaced by Liberation kip already circulating in former NLHS zone,20:1. Contemporary field/economic report, not original reform decree; no exact day asserted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S573	Financial System of the Lao PDR after Introduction of the Pianpeangmai Policy Soutsaka Bounmanit, Economic Studies 136, pp91–116, Kyushu University Printed pp92–93, sections2.1–2.2 (PDF pp3–4); DOI10.15017/3000469	Review notes Full relevant pages inspected and local PDF/text downloaded. Royal/Viengchan kip replaced piastre in May1955; independent Kangkai kip circulation1961, Liberation kip1968, nationwide replacement1976,100:1rescaling1979. Research history with some day/date differences from other accounts. Use year/month resolution. The 1979 new-currency wording is interpreted under project policy as rescaling, not separate node. Kangkai/Liberation identity boundary needs further evidence and is not proposed as a new edge here. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Full relevant pages inspected and local PDF/text downloaded. Royal/Viengchan kip replaced piastre in May1955; independent Kangkai kip circulation1961, Liberation kip1968, nationwide replacement1976,100:1rescaling1979. Research history with some day/date differences from other accounts. Use year/month resolution. The 1979 new-currency wording is interpreted under project policy as rescaling, not separate node. Kangkai/Liberation identity boundary needs further evidence and is not proposed as a new edge here.
S574	Dealing with Multiple Currencies in Transitional Economies, chapter3: Cambodia: Coping with Dollarization Asian Development Bank; chapter by Huot Pum and Khan Vanak Printed pp51–52 (PDF pp69–70), footnote1 and Box3.1	Review notes Relevant full PDF pages inspected via web. Local download blocked403. Establishes1955 piastre→riel,1975 abolition,1980 reissuance for salaries and purchases. Does not establish redemption of pre-1975 balances in1980. Restoration relationship qualified; must never display uninterrupted1975–1980 monetary continuity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Relevant full PDF pages inspected via web. Local download blocked403. Establishes1955 piastre→riel,1975 abolition,1980 reissuance for salaries and purchases. Does not establish redemption of pre-1975 balances in1980. Restoration relationship qualified; must never display uninterrupted1975–1980 monetary continuity.
S575	DNA_0013_0031: Royal land endowment for Badhuvā Nagārci, VS1864 King Gīrvāṇayuddha; critical edition Astrid Zotter with Ramhari Timalsina, Heidelberg Academy Synopsis and particulars/tapasila, annual expenses in rupees, dating paragraph VS1864 (1807CE)	Review notes Critical edition, translated synopsis and date directly inspected. Lists annual worship budget and individual prices in rupees. Firm account-unit observation1807; continuity to current NPR is a supported inference using subsequent mohar-rupee records, not established by this document alone. Translation/commentary CC-BY-SA4.0; facsimile not reproduced. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S576	Currency System in Nineteenth-Century Nepal Mahesh C. Regmi, Regmi Research Series14 Printed pp73–74 (PDF pp78–79)	Review notes PDF downloaded locally; pdftotext inspected. Web full fetch exceeded size limit. Early19th mohar rupee=2silver mohars is standard account unit; paisa rupee and Gorakhpuri rupee separately reckoned. OCR imperfect; key standard-account-unit sentence agrees indexed passage. Distinct copper accounting units are candidates only; no date-specific absorption evidence retrieved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded text and fresh facsimile inspection of printed p73. Paisa rupee explicitly described as a separate imaginary unit of account for commercial transactions and taxes; contemporary copper/silver rates vary. Local evidence image regmi14-currency.png.
S577	Introduction of Paper Currency (summary translations of 1945 orders) Mahesh C. Regmi, Regmi Research Series16; translated government orders Printed pp23–27, legal report approved13September1945; recommendations4(c),4(e),5 and following; RRC86 pp193–241	Review notes PDF downloaded locally and relevant full OCR text inspected. Mohar-rupee coins and notes exchange at par; existing military salary accounts retained; notes introduced17September1945. Published summary translations rather than facsimile originals. Supports same-unit paper transition, not newcurrency1945. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Fresh text and facsimile inspection of endowment p70, including conversion of 210 mohar rupees to 288 rupees 12 annas in 16-ganda paisa accounting. Reform section abstracts a 27August1908 felicitation address summarizing measures since26June1901. Item10 abolishes 16-,18-,20-,21-ganda units and introduces standard25-ganda mohar rupee nationwide. This is a report, not the implementing decree.
S578	Agreement explaining the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Great Britain and Siam Siamese Royal Commissioners and Harry Smith Parkes Article1, paragraph on old1826measurement duty and proposed boatfee	Review notes Full treaty transcription inspected. Refers to old1,700tical duty per fathom and new8tical2salung fee. 1856transcription refers retrospectively to1826treaty. Strong dated1856account/tax observation; earlier1826anchor qualifies indirect retrospective evidence. Does not make tical separate from baht. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S579	The Maldives: An Introductory Economic Report World Bank, South Asia Regional Office Money and Banking, paragraph2.26, PDFp35; report based on July1979mission, government comments throughSeptember1980	Review notes Full PDF downloaded locally and paragraph2.26 directly inspected. Browser fetch exceeded size limit. Explicit1947Maldivianrupee replacement ofCeylonrupee, prospective renaming to rufiyaa. Official contemporary country research retrospectively reports1947; does not provide original decree or exactconversionrate. No larin ancestry inferred. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S580	Considerations on India Affairs (1772), Articles of Resignation, July 1765 William Bolts; agreement of the Nawab of Bengal with Francis Sykes, edited by University of Exeter Appendix no. XXIII, pp.37–38, agreement dated July 1765	Review notes University transcription of the 1772 printed primary document inspected. Exact agreement date in its heading; annual allowance and allocations expressly denominated in sicca rupees. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S581	Revenue Board Consisting of the Whole Council, 5 February–30 March 1773 Bengal Revenue Board; William Lushington; University of Exeter critical transcription Manuscript p.1088; Lushington letter, Hooghly, 26 March 1773	Review notes Full letter and archival provenance inspected; transcribed from West Bengal State Archives manuscript. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S582	On the Establishment of a Money Unit, and of a Coinage for the United States (1784), reproduced in Memoir, Correspondence and Miscellanies, vol. I (1829) Thomas Jefferson; edited by Thomas Jefferson Randolph Note F: opening Spanish-dollar proposal; paragraph beginning The Unit, or Dollar; paragraphs discussing public debt and requisitions; lines 2163–2244 in web extraction	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Primary historical text in public-domain edition. Proposal supplies contemporary observation of existing accounts; enactment still requires S70 / congressional resolutions. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full HTML downloaded and relevant Note F passages read. Existing debt/requisition accounting description is distinguished from the proposed coinage. Existing source S582 may be reused.
S583	31 USC 5101 historical and revision notes US Government Publishing Office 5101 historical notes reproducing Hamilton 1791 report on the 8 August 1786 resolution	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Indexed passage inspected; full page not separately opened. Use supplementary to S70, not sole new evidence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full government historical-note passage read; retrospective statutory editorial note rather than original 1786 journal image.
S584	Financiación de la independencia Banco de la República, museum exhibition ¿Ideología o Economía? paragraph on common colonial currency; Moneda de plata, República de Colombia, 8 reales, Cundinamarca, 1821; paragraphs 24 and 60–62	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Official curator interpretation of primary objects and legal history. 1821 restoration order was incompletely implemented; qualified local branch, not a complete sequence of all regional wartime stages. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S585	Commercial and Financial Chronicle, 13 November 1915 Commercial and Financial Chronicle, digitized by Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Printed pp.1593–1594, paragraph continuing shipment of Spanish and French gold; p1594 left column first paragraph	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Primary contemporary financial reporting, local downloaded PDF text inspected. Reports decree but does not reproduce full decree. Describes pre-transition bank accounts separately in Spanish gold and US currency; 1 December 1915 transaction switch. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S586	The History of Cuba, volume V, chapter XXXIII: Money and Banking (1920) Willis Fletcher Johnson Chapter XXXIII, paragraphs defining peso oro Español and stating peseta never became local unit; printed pp.363–364, account conversion completed practically by 1 June 1916	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Public-domain contemporary history. Do not repeat apparent typographic/weight errors or infer an exact colonial foundation date. Original scanned edition also at https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/book/The_History_of_Cuba-5.pdf . Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full chapter inspected: imaginary peso oro español is unit of value and account, unlike circulating pesetas. Conversion of accounts byJune 1916. Garbled metrological details excluded.
S587	Análisis de la inversión extranjera directa en el sector financiero de El Salvador luego de los acuerdos de paz y su papel dinamizante en la economía Edwin Francisco Gutiérrez Arce, Saúl Armando Jiménez Burgos, Gerardo Félix Quijano Quezada, Universidad Centroamericana, July2013 Printed pp2–3 (PDF pp12–13); 1892 decree cited explicitly renames 25gram silver peso colón in official documents	Review notes Relevant body passage inspected Academic research quoting legislative language. Original gazette not inspected; precise 1 vs5October stages distinguished in source. Good naming continuity, inadequate to adjudicate earlier federal/Spanish parent. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S588	Ley No.723, promulgated 23 June 1862 Uruguay, official legal database IMPO Official summary; Compilación de Leyes y Decretos tomo5 pp317–320; effective1January1863	Review notes Official summary and original printed images pp317,318,320 visually inspected. Original image https://www.impo.com.uy/armandugon/05/318?carfin=320 confirms Article2 accounting replacement and Article5 small-coin conversion. Does not establish a distinct currency under project no-rescaling rule. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S589	El Dinero en El Salvador (from ¿Qué es el Dinero?, 2000) Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador Paragraphs beginning Durante el período de la Federación Centroamericana; En1883; El28deagosto de1892	Review notes Full archived primary issuer page successfully fetched with urllib and inspected; local cache atlantic23-cache/svcbcr.html Educational issuer synthesis, not original laws; exact independent territorial unit boundary unresolved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S590	A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam Simon de La Loubère; translated A.P.; London, 1693; EEBO Text Creation Partnership transcription Printed p77, domestic obligations, annual tribute 4–8 ticals; printed p164, currency nomenclature explicitly equating Baat and Tical; title identifies embassy years1687–1688	Review notes Full XML transcription and separate Internet Archive OCR downloaded. Relevant full paragraphs inspected, page numbers read from XML pb markers. University of Michigan page itself403, indexed passage agrees with downloaded CC0 transcription. Eyewitness descriptive account published1693, observations associated with1687–1688 embassy. Same-unit continuity into the modern baht across later centuries is qualified, not proof of every intervening political/accounting stage. French-livre comparisons are exchange valuations, not ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S591	Kicking the Vietnam Syndrome in Cambodia Michael Vickery Historical overview paragraph beginning In March 1980 a new Cambodian riel; later contemporary-report passage beginning In April 1980 a new Cambodian riel currency	Review notes Full relevant body passages directly inspected. Describes initial state salaries and state purchases putting riel into circulation and replacing use of baht/dong; another passage gives rice valuation. Archive-hosted original historical/field reporting with political argumentation. Internal March/April variation; rely on existing NBC evidence for exact20March date. Provides no evidence of redemption of pre1975 notes, debts or deposits. Do not infer one from silence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant paragraphs inspected. Describes1979 pricing in dong, baht, gold and rice, then1980 state salaries denominated in new riel.1985 account identifies initial circulation through salaries and state purchases. March/April introduction discrepancy means these passages support1980 accounting, not an exact inauguration day.
S592	Recueil général des lois et actes du gouvernement d’Haïti, tome I,1804–1808 Haitian legislative acts, edited by S. Linstant Pradine Act168,4May1808, printed pp442–445; Act177,26July1808, printed pp450–451	Review notes Full relevant legal text inspected in scanned-volume OCR reproduced by HaitiDocs OCR has accents and date-reading defects. The May valuation was REPEALED inJuly; do not treat it as permanent standard. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S593	Recueil général des lois et actes du gouvernement d’Haïti, tome II,1809–1817 (Paris,A.Durand,1860) Haitian legislative acts, edited by Linstant Pradine Act 298, 27 June 1811, printed pp. 102–105; Acts 348–349, 8 May 1813, pp. 162–168; Act 351, 10 May 1813, pp. 171–172; Act 352, 18 May 1813, pp. 172–173; Act 353, 6 July 1813, pp. 173–174; Act 359, 20 September 1813, pp. 207–208	Review notes Relevant legal texts inspected in complete volume OCR. Original 668-page scan downloaded from https://archive.org/download/recueilgnral06hait/recueilgnral06hait.pdf ; printed p. 168 (PDF page 196) visually inspected, confirming Act 349 articles 2–4. Local image: atlantic24-cache/haiti-law349.png. Printed pagination cross-checked for Act 298. Territorial scope is Pétion’s republic in the divided country, not all present Haiti. Printed 6/12-centime denominations represent fractions of the gourde under the statute. The compilation distinguishes paper authorization from its editorial report of actual issuance. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S594	Memoria y balance general1896–1917, chapterXIII: La moneda metálica nacional y el Banco de la República Banco de la República Oriental del Uruguay,1918 ChapterXIII sectionsI–II, paragraphs beginning El régimen colonial español; La dominación portuguesa; Al constituirse la República en1830	Review notes Full relevant reproduced primary issuer history body inspected Historical interpretation published1918, hosted in specialist documentary archive; coin denominations and unit of account explicitly distinguished. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S595	La moneda circulante en el Río de la Plata y el surgimiento de un mercado financiero,1813–1850: de horizonte homogéneo a volatilidad estructural Julio Djenderedjian and Juan Luis Martirén, América Latina en la Historia Económica32(1),2025; DOI10.18232/20073496.1488 Section Inestabilidad estructural y ciclos monetarios; firstparagraph and Gráfica1 source/methodology caption	Review notes Full HTML downloaded via urllib and relevant body read; local atlantic24-cache/rio-plata2025.html/.txt Original research based on contemporary BuenosAires and Montevideo newspaper quotations. Search tool failed to open but localfetch succeeded. Describes1831 fixedaccountstandard; not solely metal coin similarity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original research previously downloaded, relevant Buenos Aires passages re-inspected in local atlantic24-cache/rio-plata2025.txt. Buenos Aires monetary scope did not match the whole Argentine territory.
S596	Ley24,26January1831, effective15April1831 República Oriental del Uruguay, reproduced FundaciónMonROU Articles8–10,13,18 and35–38; implementing endorsement7April1831	Review notes Full legislative transcription inspected Currency reform involved foreigncopper, locally denominated convertible notes and a mixedsilver/gold circulation. Notes are instruments, not standalone currencyidentity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S597	Ley208,20June1839 República Oriental del Uruguay, reproduced FundaciónMonROU Articles1–3; Compilación de Leyes y Decretos1839 pp255–256	Review notes Full legislative transcription inspected Authorizes copper fractions of current silverreal; does not create a newaccountcurrency. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S598	Decreto11July1829 (promulgated13July), regulating public receipts and payments República Oriental del Uruguay, reproduced FundaciónMonROU Articles1–3	Review notes Full HTML downloaded via urllib andbody inspected; local atlantic24-cache/8290711d.htm Proof ofpeso-denominated taxthresholds and mandated meansofpayment. On itsown doesnot fullyidentify parentcurrency. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S599	Ömerül Faruk Bölükbaşı, Darbhâne-i Âmire Para Basımından Nasıl Gelir Elde Ediyordu? Ömerül Faruk Bölükbaşı Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi3(2),217–224,p219	Review notes Full PDF inspected p219 fn11–12 and dated account paragraph. 1690history cites author2019 chapter, not separately inspected.1719is coinage, not new account identity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S600	Hüseyin Al and Mehmet Çetin,18.Yüzyılda İzmir ve Çevresinde Para Tedavülü, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Arayışları Hüseyin Al and Mehmet Çetin Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi53,79–116,p90; pp100–101	Review notes Full PDF inspected pp90,100–101 fn62–63. Denomination relation does not alone prove distinct currency ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S601	Metin Coşgel, Ellen Nye and Emre Özer, Currency transition: the use of foreign coins and dollarization in seventeenth-century Ottoman Istanbul Metin Coşgel pp6–7 foundation; pp7–8 methods; pp9–10 akçe persistence and Dutch account use	Review notes Full PDF inspected pp1–10; original quantitative research22,234currency observations1513–1710. Registers rarely distinguish accounting versus payment; paper combines both functions. Generic kuruş is classified foreign by research assumption, not proven identity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S602	Elena Arcuș-Jantovan,Dutch Coins in the Principality of Moldova1711–1859 Elena Arcuș-Jantovan Studia Universitatis Moldaviae2021 no10(150),7–22; pp8–10regional account history; p12document1757	Review notes Full PDF inspected pp8–13 and bibliographypp21–22. Regional continuity into RON qualified.1757is observation,not creation. Some English wording and other dates in article problematic. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S603	Dragoş Ungureanu,Coins Used on the Wallachian Monetary Market during the First Half of the18thCentury Dragoş Ungureanu Cercetări NumismaticeIX–XI455–468; abstract item2	Review notes Official museum-journal English abstract fully inspected; Romanian full PDF403. Exchange observations are not independently established account anchors. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S604	Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626)	Review notes Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read. OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S605	Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Republic of Liberia Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111	Review notes Article V section 1 directly inspected in full HTML. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S606	An Act Fixing the Gold Content of the Liberian Dollar Legislature of the Republic of Liberia Chapter V, Extraordinary Session 1935, printed page 6 / PDF page 55, sections 1–3	Review notes Downloaded PDF, extracted text and visually inspected rendered page 55. Local scan and image retained. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S607	Plan for Monetary Reform, Republic of Liberia Edwin Walter Kemmerer; transmitted by US Department of State to Treasury Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)	Review notes Full-text report and covering letter directly inspected. Covering letter explicitly dates preparation to 1939. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S608	Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of Liberia and the Bank of British West Africa Republic of Liberia and Bank of British West Africa; enclosed by Minister James L. Curtis FRUS 1917, document 1081, pp.889–890, clauses 1, 2(a), 3, 7, 9–10	Review notes Entire agreement directly inspected on US Department of State website. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S609	The Rise and Fall of Sterling in Liberia, 1870–1943 Leigh A. Gardner p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139	Review notes LSE repository metadata inspected; repository PDF returned access error. Full author-paper transcription inspected at listed mirror. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S610	Mr. Turner to Mr. Fish US Legation in Monrovia FRUS 1875 volume II, document 93, p.831	Review notes Primary diplomatic transcription inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
S611	Report on Saudi monetary regulations, 29 March 1936 British Minister at Jedda British Library IOR/R/15/2/310, fol.120v, printed p.17, paragraphs 2–4	Review notes Full Qatar Digital Library transcription inspected. Original facsimile retrieval returned access error. Contemporary retrospective of 1928; approximate prewar rates recalled from memory are not adopted. Territorial distinction between Hejaz and Najd retained. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Qatar Digital Library transcription inspected. Original facsimile retrieval returned access error. Contemporary retrospective of 1928; approximate prewar rates recalled from memory are not adopted. Territorial distinction between Hejaz and Najd retained.
S612	Saudi currency instructions effective 23 March 1936 Saudi Ministry of Finance; translated diplomatic enclosure British Library IOR/R/15/2/310, fol.121r, printed p.18, translated enclosure, clauses 1–7	Review notes Full archival transcription inspected; translated original instructions, not a newly inspected Arabic decree. Revenue conversion clauses distinguish account treatment from coin-weight matching. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full archival transcription inspected; translated original instructions, not a newly inspected Arabic decree. Revenue conversion clauses distinguish account treatment from coin-weight matching.
S613	Monetary Causes of the Financial Crisis and Bankruptcy of Egypt, 1875–8, in Nelly Hanna (ed.), Money, Land and Trade (2002) Ghislaine Alleaume Chapter 11, pp.209–214, especially p.211 and notes 13–16; Appendix II, p.219	Review notes Relevant full chapter passages inspected in book transcription. Original scholarship cites Cairo and Charles Lambert archives; underlying 1836 decree not independently inspected. Distinguish this decree from commonly reported 1834 reform milestones. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Reinspected full chapter section pp.207–213 in full-book transcription, including1836decree and1841–1842proposals. No original decree manuscript independently opened.
S614	A.B. Griswold and Prasert na Nagara, The Inscription of Vat Khema, Epigraphic and Historical Studies No. 15, JSS 63(1), 1975 original epigraphic edition and translation of dated primary inscription printed128 / PDF2: Sakaraja1458, monkey year, month Jettha =1536AD; location in Sukhothai region; patron identity uncertain; printed136 / PDF10: vessel and tray purchase valuations; printed137 / PDF11: Face I lines27–31 silk bought for six ticals	Review notes Introduction printed127–129, translation printed136–137; PDF pages1–3 and10–11. Source PDF has20pages. Thai transcription not independently translated; editors' English translation inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Introduction printed127–129, translation printed136–137; PDF pages1–3 and10–11. Source PDF has20pages. Thai transcription not independently translated; editors' English translation inspected. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S615	ROC Ministry of Finance historical exhibition, 臺灣銀行發行新臺幣樣張 official monetary history Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected.	Review notes Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected.
S616	Li Chunfeng, 邓小平：货币政策是发展生产与对敌斗争的重要武器 (excerpt from 党的文献) original historical research reproduced by official party-history outlet; quoted historical policy text Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected.	Review notes Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected.
S617	Bank of Korea, Currency Timeline1950–1953 official institutional history Narrative lines470–475 and note tables, not original decree.	Review notes Narrative lines470–475 and note tables, not original decree. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Narrative lines470–475 and note tables, not original decree. Full introduction retrieved. Existing Joseon won instruments were assumed and circulated alongside new BOK won instruments, then exchanged through January1953; issuer switch is continuity observation.
S618	Bank of Korea, Currency Timeline1953–1962 official institutional history Narrative lines470–475; not original decree.	Review notes Narrative lines470–475; not original decree. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Narrative lines470–475; not original decree. Historical introduction retrieved, describing100won:1hwan reform and withdrawal of remaining Joseon notes. Read with explicit1953 statutory account-unit provision.
S619	Guldens versus franken en thalers: de geldcirculatie in Limburg tussen 1839–1914 Joke Mooij, Studies over de sociaaleconomische geschiedenis van Limburg 49 (2004) PDF page 2, institutional history paragraph and notes 4–8	Review notes Full relevant PDF text inspected through web retrieval. Original scholarship references bank archives and the 1816 Muntwet. Author distinguishes legal account unit from actual mixed circulation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant PDF text inspected through web retrieval. Original scholarship references bank archives and the 1816 Muntwet. Author distinguishes legal account unit from actual mixed circulation. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S620	Geschiedenis van de gulden Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt, 5 July 2012 Sections Achtentwintigstuiverstuk; 20 stuivers maakt een piek; Vorsten en hun guldens	Review notes Full relevant issuer-history body inspected. The 1526 decree itself was not inspected; legal accounting requirement is reported by the mint. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant issuer-history body inspected. The 1526 decree itself was not inspected; legal accounting requirement is reported by the mint. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S621	The Coinages of the United Provinces (the northern Netherlands), of the Spanish (southern) Netherlands, Spain, and England John H. Munro, University of Toronto PDF pp. 2–3, explanatory notes below coinage table, especially The Florin, Gulden, or Guilder: from 1466	Review notes Three-page academic table and analytical notes inspected through web PDF extraction. Do not collapse Amsterdam bank florin with current guilder; the text’s shorthand bank-florin parenthesis needs this qualification. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Three-page academic table and analytical notes inspected through web PDF extraction. Do not collapse Amsterdam bank florin with current guilder; the text’s shorthand bank-florin parenthesis needs this qualification. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S622	Founding of the CBvS Centrale Bank van Suriname Historical paragraphs: affiliation 1827–1940; monetary autonomy from 1940	Review notes Full official historical body inspected. Page appears to misprint West-Indische Bank liquidation as 1948; scholarship dates it 1848. That sentence is not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official historical body inspected. Page appears to misprint West-Indische Bank liquidation as 1948; scholarship dates it 1848. That sentence is not used. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S623	Het muntwezen in Suriname L.M.J. Boegheim, OSO 15 (1996), pp. 191–199 pp. 194–195 Nederlandse munten; p. 197 Na de oorlog; note 5 archival reference 2.08.36/357	Review notes Relevant complete scholarly text inspected. 1827 adoption is an event; independent Surinamese unit separation is later. Card-money conversion ratios in source vary by date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant complete scholarly text inspected. 1827 adoption is an event; independent Surinamese unit separation is later. Card-money conversion ratios in source vary by date. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S624	Ley s/n: Monedas, 9 January 1851 Republic of Chile; Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional official text Articles 1–5, especially 2–4	Review notes Full statutory text inspected. Decimalization and coin specifications alone are not new currency identities. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full statutory text inspected. Decimalization and coin specifications alone are not new currency identities.
S625	¿Desde cuándo el peso es la moneda nacional? Comisión para el Mercado Financiero, Chile Sections Aparece el Sistema Decimal and Llega el Banco Central	Review notes Full relevant official history inspected. 1817 reference is coinage, so not used alone as an account-unit birth. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant official history inspected. 1817 reference is coinage, so not used alone as an account-unit birth.
S626	Billetes y Monedas Banco Central de Costa Rica Información histórica de la fabricación de billetes, paragraphs 1–3	Review notes Full official history inspected. 1839 authorization is an accounting/payment observation, not the birth of peso reckoning. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official history inspected. 1839 authorization is an accounting/payment observation, not the birth of peso reckoning. Full central-bank historical section inspected: peso salary obligations1839, peso bank denominations1858, then1896reform establishes colón and1900bank capital obligations in colones. Read with original1896reform discussion CR2027 from first bundle; no precise1:1ratio asserted.
S627	Historia de la moneda en Paraguay — siglo XIX Carlos Alberto Pusineri Scala, original archival research, reproduced by Portal Guaraní 16 May 1820 order (note 371, Archivo Nacional de Asunción vol. 230, Sección Historia); 10 January 1823 decree (note 372, vol. 237, fol. 1); 16–18 December 1824 accounts (note 374, vol. 237, fol. 110); 27 November 1842 law (note 393)	Review notes Document transcriptions and matching archival footnotes inspected. Continuity to twentieth-century peso fuerte remains an explicit grouping inference; nominal peso fuerte and peso corriente must not automatically be equated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Document transcriptions and matching archival footnotes inspected. Continuity to twentieth-century peso fuerte remains an explicit grouping inference; nominal peso fuerte and peso corriente must not automatically be equated.
S628	La transformación en 150 años, desde el Sol al Nuevo Sol Manuel Villa-García Noriega, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, Moneda 154 (2013), pp. 43–49 Printed pp. 44–47; 1863 law art. 1, 1930 Law 6746 art. 13, 1931 Decree-Law 7126 arts. 2–3	Review notes Full relevant article text and its legislative quotations inspected via Congress-hosted PDF. Direct BCRP download returned a blocking page; Congress mirror succeeded. Silver-sol, libra and gold-sol identity classification still needs adjudication. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant article text and its legislative quotations inspected via Congress-hosted PDF. Direct BCRP download returned a blocking page; Congress mirror succeeded. Silver-sol, libra and gold-sol identity classification still needs adjudication.
S629	Ley 1130 — Ley de Monedas Argentine Congress, sanctioned 3 November 1881 Articles 5, 7–9, 11–15	Review notes Full original statutory transcription inspected. Implementation was conditional/phased; statute does not enumerate all predecessor currency identities or give a universal paper-peso conversion ratio. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original statutory transcription inspected. Implementation was conditional/phased; statute does not enumerate all predecessor currency identities or give a universal paper-peso conversion ratio. Complete primarytranscription reread. Nationalunit, conversionexistingcontracts, bankrenewalwithin2years. No direct BA-specific25:1ratio inthislaw.
S630	La evolución de los cambios monetarios en el reinado de Isabel la Católica según las cuentas del tesorero Gonzalo de Baeza (1477–1504) José María de Francisco Olmos, En la España Medieval 21 (1998), pp. 115–142 pp. 115–117: accounting method and Simancas CMC legajos 6 and 15; pp. 122–124: 1471 statutes and 1473 cathedral inventory	Review notes Relevant first ten PDF pages inspected through web extraction; bibliographic page inspected. Subsequent direct PDF fetch timed out. The maravedí and real coexist; their exchange rate does not imply a replacement edge. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant first ten PDF pages inspected through web extraction; bibliographic page inspected. Subsequent direct PDF fetch timed out. The maravedí and real coexist; their exchange rate does not imply a replacement edge.
S631	S 1186a: Pilheard agreement with Coenwulf, 799–801 Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge Old Text, monetary clause; MSS and Comments identifying Cotton Augustus ii.27 as original	Review notes Full catalogue and Latin transcription inspected. No manuscript image inspection. The source defines annual obligations in solidi but gives no penny ratio or Frankish conversion; date is 799–801. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full catalogue and Latin transcription inspected. No manuscript image inspection. The source defines annual obligations in solidi but gives no penny ratio or Frankish conversion; date is 799–801.
S632	S 41: Cuthred grant at Eythorne, 805–807 Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge Text opening clause and translation; MSS/Comments on the contemporary single sheets	Review notes Full Latin text, English translation and authenticity catalogue inspected. Dated 805–807, not an exact year. Demonstrates denarius/penny transaction accounting; does not define a 240-penny pound. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Latin text, English translation and authenticity catalogue inspected. Dated 805–807, not an exact year. Demonstrates denarius/penny transaction accounting; does not define a 240-penny pound. Full Latin and English translation inspected, together with manuscript and authenticity notices. Two contemporary early-ninth-century sheets are recorded. Reuse existing source S632 if identical. No manuscript image examined.
S633	S 164: Coenwulf grant to Wulfred at Barham, 809, confirmed 810 Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge Text opening clause xxx libras; dating and Comments	Review notes Full Latin text and catalogue inspected. Survives in a thirteenth-century copy; scholarly authenticity opinions differ. Thirty-pound valuation does not specify penny ratio. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Latin text and catalogue inspected. Survives in a thirteenth-century copy; scholarly authenticity opinions differ. Thirty-pound valuation does not specify penny ratio.
S634	S 149: Ecgfrith restoration of Purton to Malmesbury, 796 Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge Text/translation payment of 2,000 solidi; MSS and Comments	Review notes Full text, translation and critical catalogue inspected. Later manuscript transmission; scholarly authenticity judgments differ. Retain as qualified corroboration, not a firm earliest date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full text, translation and critical catalogue inspected. Later manuscript transmission; scholarly authenticity judgments differ. Retain as qualified corroboration, not a firm earliest date.
S635	S 9: Eadric grant near Stodmarsh, June 686 Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge Text opening argenti libras decem; Comments	Review notes Latin opening and critical catalogue inspected. Late copies; authenticity and interpolations debated. Silver pounds can be weight; do not turn this into a 686 currency-pound founding anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Latin opening and critical catalogue inspected. Late copies; authenticity and interpolations debated. Silver pounds can be weight; do not turn this into a 686 currency-pound founding anchor.
S636	Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Çalışma Kitabı 1 (Thessaloniki, 2008), I-7: Arvanid fiscal register, 1431/1432 Halil Berktay and Bogdan Murgescu (eds.); Hasan Tahsin Özkaya (Turkish translator), CDRSEE; primary excerpt after Halil İnalcık Printed p.44, PDF p.46, I-7, register entry 153 (Timar-i Petro); source İnalcık 1987 p.59; bibliography identifies Hicrî 835 Tarihli Sûret-i Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid, second ed., Ankara 1987	Review notes Downloaded complete PDF; title, editorial attribution, primary excerpt and bibliography inspected with pdftotext. Primary register through a published teaching-source excerpt; akçe unit supplied parenthetically by editors. Estimated revenue, not cash actually received. Not original manuscript or complete İnalcık edition inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete PDF; title, editorial attribution, primary excerpt and bibliography inspected with pdftotext. Primary register through a published teaching-source excerpt; akçe unit supplied parenthetically by editors. Estimated revenue, not cash actually received. Not original manuscript or complete İnalcık edition inspection. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Downloaded complete PDF; title, editorial attribution, primary excerpt and bibliography inspected with pdftotext. Primary register through a published teaching-source excerpt; akçe unit supplied parenthetically by editors. Estimated revenue, not cash actually received. Not original manuscript or complete İnalcık edition inspection.
S637	Akçe, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 2 (1989), pp.224–227 Halil Sahillioğlu Paragraphs following weight table: shift to guruş/zolota/para; akçe as third of para; subsequent account-only persistence; legal-document discussion before table	Review notes Entire substantive article inspected; original monetary historian explicitly cites own archival research and French diplomatic record of 1716. Use historical accounting analysis, not general etymological remarks as proof of Byzantine or dirham ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire substantive article inspected; original monetary historian explicitly cites own archival research and French diplomatic record of 1716. Use historical accounting analysis, not general etymological remarks as proof of Byzantine or dirham ancestry. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Entire substantive article inspected; original monetary historian explicitly cites own archival research and French diplomatic record of 1716. Use historical accounting analysis, not general etymological remarks as proof of Byzantine or dirham ancestry. Existing v25 complete original-historian article inspection retained. No new manuscript inspection. Account-only akçe persistence and third-of-para relation already admitted.
S638	From subordination to integration: Romans in Frankish law, in Transformations of Romanness (2018), pp.345–369 Lukas Bothe Printed pp.346–349, especially p.347 notes14–17 and p.349 translation of Pactus41	Review notes Chapter relevant pages, book title/contents and notes inspected from LoC PDF. Original legal-historical research reporting Grierson/Blackburn hypothesis; original numismatic argument not independently inspected. Dates of law formation differ from dates of extant textual witnesses. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Chapter relevant pages, book title/contents and notes inspected from LoC PDF. Original legal-historical research reporting Grierson/Blackburn hypothesis; original numismatic argument not independently inspected. Dates of law formation differ from dates of extant textual witnesses.
S639	The Laws of the Salian Franks (University of Pennsylvania Press,1991) Katherine Fischer Drew Printed pp.232–233, Pactus notes1,6,9; title/copyright page	Review notes Book transcription, editorial notes and bibliographical identity inspected. Mirror transcription of scholarly translation. Drew rejects a simple Roman/Carolingian identification of forty-denarius reckoning; do not treat one old interpretation as the final current verdict. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Book transcription, editorial notes and bibliographical identity inspected. Mirror transcription of scholarly translation. Drew rejects a simple Roman/Carolingian identification of forty-denarius reckoning; do not treat one old interpretation as the final current verdict.
S640	Currency and Inflation in Fourth Century Egypt (BASP Supplements 5, 1985) Roger S. Bagnall Chapter 2, printed pp.9–11	Review notes Publisher/library PDF downloaded and relevant full text read, including definitions of Attic drachma, denarius and Egyptian drachma. Original papyrological synthesis; individual manuscripts were not independently collated. Later scholarship checked for the persistence of the reckoning. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher/library PDF downloaded and relevant full text read, including definitions of Attic drachma, denarius and Egyptian drachma. Original papyrological synthesis; individual manuscripts were not independently collated. Later scholarship checked for the persistence of the reckoning. Original monograph downloaded previously; full printed pp. 9–11 reread locally in bagnall25.txt.
S641	The Constantian Monetary Revolution, ISAW Papers 14 (2019) Roger S. Bagnall and Gilles Bransbourg Section 1: first three paragraphs and discussion of P.Oxy.12.1431; section 2.1 opening paragraphs	Review notes Full relevant article body read through author-uploaded Academia transcription. Canonical NYU page failed to load; NYU announcement and bibliographic identity verified. Specific conversions and dating must retain authors’ qualifications. Primary papyri not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant article body read through author-uploaded Academia transcription. Canonical NYU page failed to load; NYU announcement and bibliographic identity verified. Specific conversions and dating must retain authors’ qualifications. Primary papyri not independently collated. Canonical NYU article returned 502. Relevant substantive sections read in author-uploaded full-text transcription at https://www.academia.edu/38465693/The_Constantian_Monetary_Revolution . Original papyri not collated; P.Stras.1.9 reader was blocked by a bot check. This pass does not upgrade its earliest-use claim to directly inspected papyrus evidence.
S642	IG II² 5 13248: Edict on Maximum Prices (301 AD) Diocletian and colleagues; translation and commentary by Chris de Lisle, Attic Inscriptions Online Chapters 9–10, surviving Athenian copy; note 1	Review notes Full published translation and substantive commentary read. Prices restored in square brackets are editorial restorations; no claim that these were actual market prices. Date of issue is 20 November–10 December 301. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full published translation and substantive commentary read. Prices restored in square brackets are editorial restorations; no claim that these were actual market prices. Date of issue is 20 November–10 December 301.
S643	Edictum Diocletiani et Collegarum de Pretiis Rerum Venalium Diocletian and colleagues; CIL III transcription hosted by Université Grenoble Alpes Droit Romain CIL III p.1913, Plataiai: preamble and grain-price entries	Review notes Latin transcription inspected. Fragmentary epigraphic readings; restorations visible. Does not independently establish any earlier denarius identity boundary. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Latin transcription inspected. Fragmentary epigraphic readings; restorations visible. Does not independently establish any earlier denarius identity boundary.
S644	The Inscribed Account on Lead from the Ephesian Artemision, in White Gold (2020), pp.49–63 John H. Kroll Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M	Review notes Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked. Mirror of original scholarship. Restored amounts and precise chronology are uncertain; the account does not name an electrum currency. No scan of the original tablet independently examined. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked. Mirror of original scholarship. Restored amounts and precise chronology are uncertain; the account does not name an electrum currency. No scan of the original tablet independently examined.
S645	Taxes, Taxpayers, and Tax Receipts in Early Ptolemaic Thebes (OIP 126, 2005) Brian P. Muhs Printed pp.23–25, especially p.24 and note 133	Review notes Official PDF downloaded; relevant chapter text and tables read. The book’s c.210 BCE copper reform chronology is not adopted here; later scholarship proposes 197 BCE. Pre-conquest equation is reported via Chauveau 2000, not independently re-edited. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official PDF downloaded; relevant chapter text and tables read. The book’s c.210 BCE copper reform chronology is not adopted here; later scholarship proposes 197 BCE. Pre-conquest equation is reported via Chauveau 2000, not independently re-edited. Official PDF previously downloaded; complete relevant passages re-inspected in local text muhs25.txt. Limitations: The book’s c.210 BCE reform chronology requires comparison with later work; not admitted as exact reform date. Drachma/deben equations alone do not demonstrate continuity from Ramesside copper value reckoning.
S646	The Temple of Artemis at Sardis, Report 7 (2020), Chapter 3: Building History and Chronology Fikret Yegül, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Subsection Mnesimachos Inscription, notes 60–63	Review notes Relevant substantive body read. Original contract, wall-copy and land-grant dates differ. Institutional continuity is not unit continuity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive body read. Original contract, wall-copy and land-grant dates differ. Institutional continuity is not unit continuity.
S647	Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria,1792–1798 (1799) William George Browne Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines	Review notes Complete relevant HTML chapter inspected; author’s contemporary observations, not original state ledgers. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete relevant HTML chapter inspected; author’s contemporary observations, not original state ledgers. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Complete relevant HTML chapter inspected; author’s contemporary observations, not original state ledgers.
S648	Aperçu général sur l’Égypte, tomeII (1840) Antoine Barthélémy Clot-Bey Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected	Review notes Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p560 visually inspected and OCR compared. Do not use the apparent Austrian-thaler error on p561. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p560 visually inspected and OCR compared. Do not use the apparent Austrian-thaler error on p561. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared. Do not use the apparent Austrian-thaler error on p 561.
S649	Le Régime Monétaire de l’Égypte depuis la Première Guerre Mondiale (1960) Abdel Nabi Hassan Youssef Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation	Review notes Full thesis relevant text inspected. Legislative discussion is secondary; the1885decree is independently retained as S558. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full thesis relevant text inspected. Legislative discussion is secondary; the1885decree is independently retained as S558. Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Full thesis relevant text inspected. Legislative discussion is secondary; the 1885 decree is independently retained as S 558.
S650	Research Results Presented at Event to Mark the39thanniversary of Khmer Riel Day (2019) JICA Research Institute Opening historical paragraph,20March1980reintroduction	Review notes Full institutional report inspected; date is reintroduction, not proof of redemption of earlier balances. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full institutional report inspected; date is reintroduction, not proof of redemption of earlier balances.
S651	Monedas: historical introduction Banco Central de la República Dominicana Historical paragraphs on1937national currency and continued US notes	Review notes Official body inspected by relationship reviewer; the underlying1937law not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official body inspected by relationship reviewer; the underlying1937law not independently inspected.
S652	Portugal, Decreto n.º 141, 18 September 1913 primary legislation Diário do Governo no.219, printed pp.3540–3541 / PDF pp.4–5; preamble; article 1 and §§1–2; articles 3 and 5	Review notes Downloaded official scan; both pages visually inspected. Page 4 image law 141.png in cache. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded official scan; both pages visually inspected. Page 4 image law 141.png in cache. Official scan visually inspected in territorial25 work. Public accounts and court-valid private documents adopt metropolitan reckoning from1January1914. This does not independently establish a separate Angolan unit in1914.
S653	Portugal, Decreto n.º 12124, monetary reform of Angola primary legislation Diário do Governo I series no.179, 16 August 1926; decree signed 14 August; printed pp.1023–1027 / PDF pp.1–5; preamble paragraph 12; annex Bases I and III	Review notes Official scan downloaded; PDF pp.1,4,5 visually inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official scan downloaded; PDF pp.1,4,5 visually inspected. Official scan previously visually inspected PDF1,4,5; BaseI independently retrieved again as full indexed passage. Explicitly replaces existing Angolan escudo account unit with angolar. Commencement awaited implementation.
S654	BCEAO Annual Report 2003, historical box 5 central bank historical research Printed p 60 / PDF p 81, Encadré n°5 Une tradition d’émission monétaire vieille de 150 ans	Review notes Downloaded PDF and web full text inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded PDF and web full text inspected. Downloaded PDF and web full text inspected. Describes CFA emergence in 1945 and continuity of the West African currency through BAO, the 1955 institute and BCEAO. Existing denominations and notes largely persisted through institutional succession;1962 and 1973 treaties reorganized the institution. Supports continuity rather than a fresh unit for each issuer.
S655	Gérard Barthélémy, Le nouveau franc CFA et la Banque centrale des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest original contemporary scholarship Tiers-Monde 4, nos 13–14 (1963), pp 275–277; p 275 inspected	Review notes Original article’s first-page transcription read; later pages not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original article’s first-page transcription read; later pages not inspected. Original article’s first-page transcription read; later pages not inspected. Reports treaty effective 1 November 1962 after signature 12 May 1962. Members recognized the same monetary unit; CFA expanded name changed while initials remained. This is contemporaneous evidence against treating the name or new central-bank organization as a currency birth.
S656	BEAC, Histoire de l’émission monétaire en Afrique Centrale central bank institutional history Historical narrative paragraphs 2–8; HTML lines 109–115	Review notes Full relevant narrative directly inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant narrative directly inspected. Full relevant narrative directly inspected. Traces central African issuance through BAO, wartime institutions, CFA in 1945,1955 institute,1959 BCEAEC and 1972 BEAC. These are institutional stages within CFA history; the page alone does not adjudicate an exact date of separation between western and central account identities.
S657	Convention de coopération monétaire entre les États membres de la BEAC et la République française primary monetary convention Signed 23 November 1972, articles 1,7–9,12; PDF pp 1–2	Review notes Official Banque de France PDF transcription inspected. Text includes later editorial country-name updates, so cite articles as reproduced. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official Banque de France PDF transcription inspected. Text includes later editorial country-name updates, so cite articles as reproduced. Official Banque de France PDF transcription inspected. Text includes later editorial country-name updates, so cite articles as reproduced. Article 7 transfers BCEAEC rights and obligations to BEAC. Article 8 transfers existing CFA capital and reserves; article 9 defines the CFA currency. These clauses support institutional continuity with inherited monetary liabilities, not only a common peg.
S658	IBRD/IDA, L’économie congolaise: évolution et perspectives, volumeI contemporary original mission research Report AE-13 a,8 December 1970; unnumbered monetary-units page / PDF p 2	Review notes Official archive PDF full-text opening and monetary-units page directly inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original mission report full PDF extraction inspected. French translation is marked unofficial; original report was internal and is now disclosed.
S659	Portugal,Lei2066,Lei Orgânica do Ultramar Português Portugal, official legislation Diário do Governo,I Série,no135,printedp889/PDFp13,BaseLXXIII(I–III); final transitional provisions printedp892/PDFp16	Review notes Official full scan downloaded successfully byurllib after web tool failed. Relevant printedp889 andp892 visually inspected; local OCR was also attempted. No claim that later1958implementation law inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official full scan downloaded successfully byurllib after web tool failed. Relevant printedp889 andp892 visually inspected; local OCR was also attempted. No claim that later1958implementation law inspected. Official full scan downloaded successfully byurllib after web tool failed. Relevant printedp889 andp892 visually inspected; local OCR was also attempted. No claim that later1958implementation law inspected. BaseLXXIII places issuing banks headquarters/central administration and reserves in the metropolis; prescribes escudo as the monetary unit in all overseas provinces; directs banks to seek convertibility of their notes into metropolitan escudos and conversely with exchange adjustments. Final provisions preserve existing rules consistent with the new law while complementary measures are pending.
S660	Ley de 12 de septiembre de 1826: Dotación que deben gozar los que sustituyan á los diputados empleados Bolivian Constituent Congress; promulgated by Antonio José de Sucre Articles 1–3; promulgation; Ficha Técnica / Origen	Review notes Complete substantive law and metadata inspected in retrieved XHTML; local cache atlantic25-cache/bo1826. Arts1–2 calculate substitute deputies’ remuneration with a 1,000-peso threshold/cap; art3 concerns salaries of 2,000 pesos or more. Enacted11 September and promulgated12 September1826. Transcription contains typographical/OCR errors; not an original scan or official current gazette. Adequate for clear denomination observations, not precise unverified coin-weight readings. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete substantive law and metadata inspected in retrieved XHTML; local cache atlantic25-cache/bo1826. Arts1–2 calculate substitute deputies’ remuneration with a 1,000-peso threshold/cap; art3 concerns salaries of 2,000 pesos or more. Enacted11 September and promulgated12 September1826. Transcription contains typographical/OCR errors; not an original scan or official current gazette. Adequate for clear denomination observations, not precise unverified coin-weight readings.
S661	Ley de29 de junio de1863, Ley de la Moneda Nacional Bolivian National Extraordinary Assembly; José María Achá Articles2–3,7,9; Ficha Técnica / Origen	Review notes Full relevant articles inspected: boliviano also called peso fuerte; divided into100 centavos; article7 rates newly legislated money against current400-grain money at5:4; article9 specifies state-office receipts/payments in bolivianos or pesos of this decree. Visible OCR errors in denomination weights and names prevent literal use of suspect numerical details; article7 rates coin money, not an explicit general conversion of all earlier contracts. Complements existing S482; it is a different primary transcription, not a duplicate URL. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant articles inspected: boliviano also called peso fuerte; divided into100 centavos; article7 rates newly legislated money against current400-grain money at5:4; article9 specifies state-office receipts/payments in bolivianos or pesos of this decree. Visible OCR errors in denomination weights and names prevent literal use of suspect numerical details; article7 rates coin money, not an explicit general conversion of all earlier contracts. Complements existing S482; it is a different primary transcription, not a duplicate URL.
S662	Zimbabwe Statutory Instrument 33 of 2019, Gazette Extraordinary 22 February 2019 Zimbabwe Statutory Instrument 33 of 2019 Printed pp.373–376, especially §3 inserting §44C(2) and §4(1)(a)–(f), §4(2)	Review notes Complete four-page PDF downloaded and text inspected; local zim-si33.pdf. Veritas is a repository of the statutory text. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete four-page PDF downloaded and text inspected; local zim-si33.pdf. Veritas is a repository of the statutory text.
S663	Central Bank of Sudan, 47th Annual Report 2007 Central Bank of Sudan Printed p.30 (PDF30), Currency Issuing Policies; p.37; Appendices V–VI, printed pp.128–130 (PDF128–130)	Review notes Full PDF accessible through web extraction; inspected issuance narrative, money-supply table and notes on asset/liability accounts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF accessible through web extraction; inspected issuance narrative, money-supply table and notes on asset/liability accounts.
S664	Bank of Sudan Act 2002, official central-bank English text Bank of Sudan Act 2002 Chapter I interpretation; Chapter IV capital; Chapter V currency unit (§19), legal tender	Review notes Official HTML full text inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official HTML full text inspected.
S665	IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2008, country notes IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2008 Country Notes printed p.194, PDF920, Sudan 732: Exchange Rates and Monetary Authorities	Review notes Downloaded complete PDF to ifs.pdf; extracted and inspected PDF page920. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete PDF to ifs.pdf; extracted and inspected PDF page920.
S666	Central Bank of Sudan Currency Museum catalogue, 2011 Central Bank of Sudan Currency Museum catalogue Printed p.6 / PDF7, Currencies After Independence; notes N-3 to N-5 on printed104–105	Review notes Official PDF web extraction inspected; English summary and catalogued pound notes checked. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official PDF web extraction inspected; English summary and catalogued pound notes checked.
S667	Adnan Mahhouk and Franz Drees, Domestic Policies and Payments Problems of the Sudan, 1947–62, IMF Staff Papers 11(1), March1964, pp.150–176 Adnan Mahhouk and Franz Drees p.150 footnote1; p.169 currency settlement; money-supply table5 and table notes in HTML counterpart	Review notes Indexed primary scholarly passages inspected via search retrieval; direct full PDF/HTML requests blocked403. Exact excerpts recovered include p.150 note and p.169 discussion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed primary scholarly passages inspected via search retrieval; direct full PDF/HTML requests blocked403. Exact excerpts recovered include p.150 note and p.169 discussion.
S668	Francis Moore, Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa, London1738 Francis Moore Printed p.45: A BARR; p.124:1732 dispute at Nackway	Review notes Complete public-domain OCR downloaded: extinct26-cache/moore.txt; passages inspected. Page45 defines accounting; p124 supplies an obligation dispute. Scans not visually inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete public-domain OCR downloaded: extinct26-cache/moore.txt; passages inspected. Page45 defines accounting; p124 supplies an obligation dispute. Scans not visually inspected.
S669	Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248 Richard Pankhurst pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc.	Review notes Full text of selected article pages inspected from publisher HTML via urllib; archived page texts in extinct26-cache/pankhurst.txt. PDF access403; no fabricated PDF inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full text of selected article pages inspected from publisher HTML via urllib; archived page texts in extinct26-cache/pankhurst.txt. PDF access403; no fabricated PDF inspection.
S670	Edouard Mambu Ma Khenzu, A Modern History of Monetary and Financial Systems of Congo1885–1995, PhD, University of Greenwich, September2003 Edouard Mambu Ma Khenzu printed26–27/PDF43–44, nzimbu; printed42–43/PDF59–60, mitako; printed52–55/PDF69–72, decrees, accounting and survival	Review notes Complete388-page PDF downloaded and text inspected at listed passages; local kongo.pdf and kongo.txt. Thesis quotes/synthesizes Dartevelle1953 and Mahieu1924; underlying decrees not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete388-page PDF downloaded and text inspected at listed passages; local kongo.pdf and kongo.txt. Thesis quotes/synthesizes Dartevelle1953 and Mahieu1924; underlying decrees not independently inspected.
S671	Kwame Arhin, Gold-mining and trading among the Ashanti of Ghana, Journal des Africanistes48(1),1978, pp.89–100 Kwame Arhin printed94: denomination system and court fines;90: fieldwork1968	Review notes Full publisher HTML page94 inspected and cached arhin94.txt; author incorporates fieldwork and historical sources Garrard1972 and Rattray1923/1929. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full publisher HTML page94 inspected and cached arhin94.txt; author incorporates fieldwork and historical sources Garrard1972 and Rattray1923/1929.
S672	John Conroy, The Informal Economy in Development, PartB: From Early Colonisation to the Pacific War John Conroy printed76/PDF4; printed80–82/PDF8–10	Review notes Full chapter PDF web extraction inspected, including explicit account-unit description and limited1901restriction. Publication year not independently confirmed from titlepage; use undated source metadata. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full chapter PDF web extraction inspected, including explicit account-unit description and limited1901restriction. Publication year not independently confirmed from titlepage; use undated source metadata.
S673	T. Scarlett Epstein, Capitalism, Primitive and Modern: Some Aspects of Tolai Economic Growth,1968 T. Scarlett Epstein printed150: independent tambu and cash prices; printed24: payments to dancers	Review notes Indexed full paragraph on p150 inspected, but direct download yielded a two-page repository wrapper, NOT the book. Treat detailed price anchor as corroborating indexed evidence; rely on S5 for fully inspected scholarly context. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed full paragraph on p150 inspected, but direct download yielded a two-page repository wrapper, NOT the book. Treat detailed price anchor as corroborating indexed evidence; rely on S5 for fully inspected scholarly context.
S674	Ann Chowning, Ceremonies, Shell Money and Culture Among the Kove, Expedition15(1), September1972 Ann Chowning Opening fieldwork paragraph1966; paragraph beginning For every fathom; paragraph beginning To become a mahoni; paragraphs on recent inflation	Review notes Complete museum-published article HTML inspected. Important: it expressly distinguishes Kove disc-bead tambu from Tolai shell money. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete museum-published article HTML inspected. Important: it expressly distinguishes Kove disc-bead tambu from Tolai shell money.
S675	Marion Johnson, The Atlantic slave trade and the economy of West Africa,1976, pp.14–38 Marion Johnson printed23–24/PDF10–11, Money and Bargaining	Review notes Complete25-page chapter PDF downloaded; account-unit section inspected. Local johnson.pdf and johnson.txt. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete25-page chapter PDF downloaded; account-unit section inspected. Local johnson.pdf and johnson.txt.
S676	National Museum of African Art, Manilla, accession2002-10-34 National Museum of African Art collection description on1919ordinance and1940s–1950sredemption	Review notes Search-index passage inspected only. Underlying ordinance not inspected. Held lead, not source for a admitted universal manilla currency. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Search-index passage inspected only. Underlying ordinance not inspected. Held lead, not source for a admitted universal manilla currency.
S677	Tlaxcala price ruling,1545, in Beyond the Codices, doc 34, pp 210–213; excerpt reproduced by UT Austin Judge Gómez de Santillán; translated by Arthur J.O.Anderson, Frances Berdan and James Lockhart PDFp 2, Document 2 and source note 2	Review notes Full reproduced primary price-list passage inspected. Turkey hen 100 full / 120 shrunken cacao beans; small rabbit 30; ripe avocado 1; tamale 1. LIMITS: University teaching reproduction of primary translation, not inspection of original manuscript. Scope Tlaxcala 1545 only. Do not infer a pan-Mesoamerican currency or count quality grades as identities. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full reproduced primary price-list passage inspected. Turkey hen 100 full / 120 shrunken cacao beans; small rabbit 30; ripe avocado 1; tamale 1. LIMITS: University teaching reproduction of primary translation, not inspection of original manuscript. Scope Tlaxcala 1545 only. Do not infer a pan-Mesoamerican currency or count quality grades as identities.
S678	tamalli: primary attestation from Beyond the Codices Stephanie Wood, ed.; University of Oregon Online Nahuatl Dictionary Attestations, Tlaxcala 1545; Beyond the Codices, doc 34,210–211	Review notes Nahuatl sentence and scholarly translation inspected: tamale priced/exchanged at one cacao bean. LIMITS: Extract only; supports exact local observation, not original manuscript inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Nahuatl sentence and scholarly translation inspected: tamale priced/exchanged at one cacao bean. LIMITS: Extract only; supports exact local observation, not original manuscript inspection.
S679	cuachtli: primary attestations Stephanie Wood, ed.; primary sources translated/edited by Reyes García et al., Sahagún/Anderson-Dibble, Cline and Lockhart Tlatelolco 1558 attestation citing Documentos nauas de la Ciudad de México del sigloXVI(1996), p 77; Cuernavaca c 1540 s citing Book of Tributes(1993), p 179; Florentine CodexBook 9 f 38 r	Review notes Inspected primary excerpts: land consideration 20 quachtli at Tlatelolco 1558; Cuernavaca term describes cloth as means of purchase; three cloth grades valued at 100,80,65 cacao. LIMITS: Whole-Mesoamerican grouping unsupported. Extracts have variable cloth quality/size; grouping central-Mexican monetary cloth into one identity is qualified. A quoted tribute substitution lacks a usable date and does not establish extinction. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected primary excerpts: land consideration 20 quachtli at Tlatelolco 1558; Cuernavaca term describes cloth as means of purchase; three cloth grades valued at 100,80,65 cacao. LIMITS: Whole-Mesoamerican grouping unsupported. Extracts have variable cloth quality/size; grouping central-Mexican monetary cloth into one identity is qualified. A quoted tribute substitution lacks a usable date and does not establish extinction.
S680	A Key Into the Language of America(1643) Roger Williams ChXXIII, p 125; ChXXIV, pp 128–131; ChXXV–XXVI, pp 133–140	Review notes Full relevant passages inspected: payments reckoned in 5–10 fathoms; white/black fathom equivalence; shifting exchange against English shillings; trading and debt vocabulary. LIMITS: Colonial observer with prejudicial framing; do not adopt his generalizations. His white: black rate differs from 1645 treaty terms; no timeless universal rate or homogeneous all-Native-American system. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected: payments reckoned in 5–10 fathoms; white/black fathom equivalence; shifting exchange against English shillings; trading and debt vocabulary. LIMITS: Colonial observer with prejudicial framing; do not adopt his generalizations. His white: black rate differs from 1645 treaty terms; no timeless universal rate or homogeneous all-Native-American system.
S681	Of Plimoth Plantation, Anno Domini 1645 William Bradford; treaty between United Colonies commissioners and Narragansett/Niantic representatives Volume 93, manuscriptp 267, treatyarticles 1 and 5; pp 268–269 enforcement/signatures	Review notes Full primary treaty passage inspected. Article 1 imposes 2000 fathoms white wampum or stated black alternative, in four 500 fathom installments. Article 5 sets annual per-capita tribute in fathoms and fractions. LIMITS: Coercive colonial obligation, not evidence of voluntary sale. Edition reports treaty terms, not proof each payment occurred. Exact signing day not established in inspected passage. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary treaty passage inspected. Article 1 imposes 2000 fathoms white wampum or stated black alternative, in four 500 fathom installments. Article 5 sets annual per-capita tribute in fathoms and fractions. LIMITS: Coercive colonial obligation, not evidence of voluntary sale. Edition reports treaty terms, not proof each payment occurred. Exact signing day not established in inspected passage.
S682	Miscounting Money of Colonial America, Econ Journal Watch 3(1), January 2006, pp 4–44 Ronald W.Michener and Robert E.Wright Printedpp 7–11, especiallyfig 1(1720 ads), pp 8–10(account interpretation), p 9(1794 contracts)	Review notes Full relevant pages inspected and PDF cached.1720 reward notices used local pounds before 1723 paper issuance;1773 servant contracts and 1794 registrations used pound accounts; denomination does not establish payment medium. LIMITS: Debate concerns money-stock inference; cite only directly relevant account-unit evidence.1793 cannot safely be currency-death date because 1794 contracts persist. No automatic dollar ancestry from later coexistence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant pages inspected and PDF cached.1720 reward notices used local pounds before 1723 paper issuance;1773 servant contracts and 1794 registrations used pound accounts; denomination does not establish payment medium. LIMITS: Debate concerns money-stock inference; cite only directly relevant account-unit evidence.1793 cannot safely be currency-death date because 1794 contracts persist. No automatic dollar ancestry from later coexistence.
S683	The Economic Role of Williamsburg(1956 research manuscript;1965 book) James H.Soltow ChapterIII, pp 76–79,89–96; TableXV, pp 94–95; October 1765 contract, p 96	Review notes Full relevant passages inspected. TableXV reproduces Prentis business balance-sheet amounts in Virginia pounds from 1734;1765 Jamieson/Campbell iron contract prices in Virginia currency payable in produce. LIMITS: Use actual account series and contract; some explanatory numerical exchange examples in manuscript are internally inconsistent, so no exchange rate admitted. No claim that first paper issuance marks currency birth. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected. TableXV reproduces Prentis business balance-sheet amounts in Virginia pounds from 1734;1765 Jamieson/Campbell iron contract prices in Virginia currency payable in produce. LIMITS: Use actual account series and contract; some explanatory numerical exchange examples in manuscript are internally inconsistent, so no exchange rate admitted. No claim that first paper issuance marks currency birth.
S684	Colonial New Jersey’s Paper Money Regime,1709–1775: A Forensic Accounting Reconstruction of the Data, NBER 19710 Farley Grubb Revised 5 May 2014; printedpp 7–8, n 7; pp 11 ffandTable 1	Review notes RepositoryPDF successfully downloaded 304016 bytes. Relevant passages inspected: government salaries after 1751/1752 were priced in money passing in western division; provincial fiscal accounting, face values and market settlement values distinguished. LIMITS: Working paper; claims about banknote circulation and par value debated. Do not split par/market values into currencies.1709 paper issue is evidence of provincial monetary liabilities, not a proven account identity foundation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. RepositoryPDF successfully downloaded 304016 bytes. Relevant passages inspected: government salaries after 1751/1752 were priced in money passing in western division; provincial fiscal accounting, face values and market settlement values distinguished. LIMITS: Working paper; claims about banknote circulation and par value debated. Do not split par/market values into currencies.1709 paper issue is evidence of provincial monetary liabilities, not a proven account identity foundation.
S685	History of the Early Settlement and Progress of Cumberland County(1869), ChapterVI Currency of New Jersey Lucius Q.C.Elmer Printedpp 124–130; paragraphs on 1760/1769 tax laws,1709 bill form,11 February 1777 law, and 8 June 1779 law	Review notes Full passages inspected:1709 public payment obligation;1760 tax accounting by western-division money;1777 law distinguishes state lawful money from sterling;1779 withdrawal deadline concerns colonial bills. LIMITS: Later documentary history transcription with OCR errors.1779 note legal-tender cessation is not evidence that local pound accounts died. No ancestry toUSDadmitted from rate alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full passages inspected:1709 public payment obligation;1760 tax accounting by western-division money;1777 law distinguishes state lawful money from sterling;1779 withdrawal deadline concerns colonial bills. LIMITS: Later documentary history transcription with OCR errors.1779 note legal-tender cessation is not evidence that local pound accounts died. No ancestry toUSDadmitted from rate alone.
S686	Currency and price ordinance,11 November 1658 Director General and Council of New Netherland; New Amsterdam History Center transcription NYC-RNA_V 1_060–062; complete translated ordinance	Review notes Complete ordinance translation inspected: three prices for settlement in silver, beaver or wampum; common florin/stuiver vocabulary; larger wampum payments require agreement. LIMITS: The tariff proves differentiated payment media and prices, but does not alone establish distinct wampum-guilder or beaver-guilder identities. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete ordinance translation inspected: three prices for settlement in silver, beaver or wampum; common florin/stuiver vocabulary; larger wampum payments require agreement. LIMITS: The tariff proves differentiated payment media and prices, but does not alone establish distinct wampum-guilder or beaver-guilder identities.
S687	AO 8295: Old Assyrian loan contract Cécile Michel et al., Universität Hamburg research dataset Written Artefact Metadata; complete Translation of the tablet in the envelope, TC 3,229 / TCL 21,229 / CDLI P357795	Review notes Metadata and entire loan translation inspected, including repayment and interest clauses. Limitations: Catalogue range ca.1920–1850 BCE; eponym date not independently converted. The footnote attaching about 340g to 15 grains is misleading; no metric conversion is imported. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Metadata and entire loan translation inspected, including repayment and interest clauses. Limitations: Catalogue range ca.1920–1850 BCE; eponym date not independently converted. The footnote attaching about 340g to 15 grains is misleading; no metric conversion is imported.
S688	Cuneiform tablet: caravan account, 66.245.10 Metropolitan Museum of Art Curatorial paragraphs on caravan expenses, Imdi-ilum and final balance; object date	Review notes Full relevant curatorial description and dating inspected. Limitations: Catalogue ca.20th–19th century BCE is broader than the identified merchant’s active dates. The final ancient total contains a small arithmetic discrepancy. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant curatorial description and dating inspected. Limitations: Catalogue ca.20th–19th century BCE is broader than the identified merchant’s active dates. The final ancient total contains a small arithmetic discrepancy.
S689	Loans from the sacred treasuries, 433/2–423/2 BC Stephen Lambert and P. J. Rhodes, Attic Inscriptions Online IG I³ 369, lines1–22,97–120 and notes1,5	Review notes Full account translation and all explanatory notes inspected. Limitations: Partly reconstructed; not every restored sum is secure. Account dates differ from engraving date, possibly422/1. Earliest seven-year period is retrospective. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full account translation and all explanatory notes inspected. Limitations: Partly reconstructed; not every restored sum is secure. Account dates differ from engraving date, possibly422/1. Earliest seven-year period is retrospective.
S690	Marker of property used as security for a loan Stephen Lambert, Attic Inscriptions Online IG II² 2767, entire inscription and note1	Review notes Entire translation, date and note inspected. Limitations: Dating ca.340–320 BCE; original findspot uncertain, probably Myrrhinous. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire translation, date and note inspected. Limitations: Dating ca.340–320 BCE; original findspot uncertain, probably Myrrhinous.
S691	Deir el-Medina UC39606: purchase of a bull UCL Digital Egypt / Petrie Museum UC39606 front and back; published as Ostracon Petrie3, Černý/Gardiner1957 p.5 pl.16.3 (gallery bibliographic locator)	Review notes Whole UC39606 translation inspected. Limitations: Regnal year4 lacks named king here; use Ramesside period envelope, not an exact BCE date. The displayed item valuations do not sum to the stated50; do not silently correct or reconstruct missing value. Translation renders deben as rings. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Whole UC39606 translation inspected. Limitations: Regnal year4 lacks named king here; use Ramesside period envelope, not an exact BCE date. The displayed item valuations do not sum to the stated50; do not silently correct or reconstruct missing value. Translation renders deben as rings.
S692	Measuring weight in Ancient Egypt UCL Digital Egypt / Petrie Museum Paragraphs on dbn/ring, New Kingdom system and abstract value; linked Ramesside ostraca	Review notes Entire page inspected, especially distinction between concrete weight and abstract value. Limitations: This page supplies terminology and period context; it does not date an abolition or establish a single unchanged Egyptian currency across millennia. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire page inspected, especially distinction between concrete weight and abstract value. Limitations: This page supplies terminology and period context; it does not date an abolition or establish a single unchanged Egyptian currency across millennia.
S693	Loan contract P.Lond.V1737 / Pap.London1789 ERC Elephantine project; Ruth Duttenhöfer; translation J.J.Farber in Porten1996 D52 Recto x+3–18; verso endorsement; Dates table; publication references	Review notes Complete Greek transcription and English loan translation inspected together with date metadata. Limitations: 613-02-09, local weight of Syene. Catalogue summary interest figure conflicts with explicit monthly carat clause; no percentage imported. A local gold obligation does not prove universal Byzantine uniformity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete Greek transcription and English loan translation inspected together with date metadata. Limitations: 613-02-09, local weight of Syene. Catalogue summary interest figure conflicts with explicit monthly carat clause; no percentage imported. A local gold obligation does not prove universal Byzantine uniformity.
S694	Clever Business? BGU III726 (P.7788) Marius Gerhardt, Berlin Papyrus Database Object discussion paragraphs on joined Berlin/Vienna fragments, dating and repayment valuation	Review notes Entire article inspected. Limitations: Summary of joined text; signatures missing. Date19Oct481. Do not import article’s broader generalizations about maximum interest rates. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire article inspected. Limitations: Summary of joined text; signatures missing. Date19Oct481. Do not import article’s broader generalizations about maximum interest rates.
S695	Noburu Kobayashi, 近世・近代日本貨幣史の基礎的研究, BOJ Currency Museum2017 Noburu Kobayashi PDF3;35;43–44;48 note159	Review notes Read PDF3 accounting-system discussion,35 silver abolition,43–44 account unification and endnote159 on PDF48. Japanese extracted text inspected; original1868gazette not independently inspected. Limits: Author distinguishes account units from materials; private author views rather than official BOJ policy. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read PDF3 accounting-system discussion,35 silver abolition,43–44 account unification and endnote159 on PDF48. Japanese extracted text inspected; original1868gazette not independently inspected. Limits: Author distinguishes account units from materials; private author views rather than official BOJ policy.
S696	BOJ Currency Museum permanent exhibition catalogue BOJ Currency Museum permanent exhibition catalogue Printed39: paragraph after heading 両替屋と金銀銭の相場; printed36: monetary account units by region	Review notes Read entire page39(index42) and companion page36(index39). Limits: Confirms actual purchases and lending in monme after silver coin circulation waned. Underlying ledgers not reproduced. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read entire page39(index42) and companion page36(index39). Limits: Confirms actual purchases and lending in monme after silver coin circulation waned. Underlying ledgers not reproduced.
S697	Bank of China, The Choice for Silver Dollar in the Currency Reform1932–1933 Bank of China Paragraph beginning On April5,1933, lines21–29 in retrieved text	Review notes Full short historical article inspected. Limits: Original decree not inspected; article supports payment/contract transition, not universal enforcement across every Chinese locality. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full short historical article inspected. Limits: Original decree not inspected; article supports payment/contract transition, not universal enforcement across every Chinese locality. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Full short historical article inspected. Limits: Original decree not inspected; article supports payment/contract transition, not universal enforcement across every Chinese locality.
S698	Charles Allen Lawson, British and Native Cochin, secondedition1861 Charles Allen Lawson PDF160–161 / printed146–147, final paragraph crossing pages	Review notes Titlepage and currency section printed146–147 inspected; not rest of book. Limits: Colonial-era author; use narrow reported bookkeeping observation, not his evaluative comments. OCR fractions not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Titlepage and currency section printed146–147 inspected; not rest of book. Limits: Colonial-era author; use narrow reported bookkeeping observation, not his evaluative comments. OCR fractions not used. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Titlepage and currency section printed146–147 inspected; not rest of book. Limits: Colonial-era author; use narrow reported bookkeeping observation, not his evaluative comments. OCR fractions not used.
S699	Reserve Bank of India, Chronology of Events1950–1960 Reserve Bank of India 1April1955entry	Review notes Read full chronology table; specific1955entry. Limits: Distinguish legal-tender cessation from later exchange windows. Original notification not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read full chronology table; specific1955entry. Limits: Distinguish legal-tender cessation from later exchange windows. Original notification not inspected. Inherited source inspection preserved; not a newly retrieved original in this pass. Read full chronology table; specific1955entry. Limits: Distinguish legal-tender cessation from later exchange windows. Original notification not inspected.
S700	Quinn and Roberds, The Big Problem of Large Bills (2005), Atlanta WP 2005-16 Quinn and Roberds Printed pp. 3, 8–11, 43–44, 48; PDF pp. 4,9–12,44–45,49 (zero based). Text extraction; no visual page inspection.	Review notes Printed pp. 3, 8–11, 43–44, 48; PDF pp. 4,9–12,44–45,49 (zero based). Text extraction; no visual page inspection. LIMIT: Historical interpretation cites Van Dillen; original municipal ordinance not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Printed pp. 3, 8–11, 43–44, 48; PDF pp. 4,9–12,44–45,49 (zero based). Text extraction; no visual page inspection. LIMIT: Historical interpretation cites Van Dillen; original municipal ordinance not inspected. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S701	Quinn and Roberds, Death of a Reserve Currency (2014), Atlanta WP 2014-17 Quinn and Roberds Section 2, printed p.5; section 3.5 pp.25–26 and Table 6; FRASER lines197–201,916–997.	Review notes Section 2, printed p.5; section 3.5 pp.25–26 and Table 6; FRASER lines197–201,916–997. LIMIT: Post-1792 master accounts unavailable to authors; later data compiled from historical literature. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Section 2, printed p.5; section 3.5 pp.25–26 and Table 6; FRASER lines197–201,916–997. LIMIT: Post-1792 master accounts unavailable to authors; later data compiled from historical literature.
S702	Gustav Kopal, Hamburgs großer Geldschrank, Die Gartenlaube (1875), Heft51 pp.856–858 Gustav Kopal Article opening and final paragraphs; transcription lines134–183, especially180–181.	Review notes Article opening and final paragraphs; transcription lines134–183, especially180–181. LIMIT: Contemporary reportage rather than the conversion ordinance; scan not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Article opening and final paragraphs; transcription lines134–183, especially180–181. LIMIT: Contemporary reportage rather than the conversion ordinance; scan not inspected.
S703	Pandemic recession and helicopter money: Venice,1629–1631, Financial History Review (2022) Pandemic recession and helicopter money: Venice SectionI paragraphs on monetary system and two public banks; SectionIII agio discussion/Figure4; HTML lines546–563,604–611.	Review notes SectionI paragraphs on monetary system and two public banks; SectionIII agio discussion/Figure4; HTML lines546–563,604–611. LIMIT: Uses published historical research for legal history; does not establish complete end-of-life settlement. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. SectionI paragraphs on monetary system and two public banks; SectionIII agio discussion/Figure4; HTML lines546–563,604–611. LIMIT: Uses published historical research for legal history; does not establish complete end-of-life settlement.
S704	Roberds and Velde, Early Public Banks (2014 revised), Chicago WP2014-03 Roberds and Velde Genoa pp.13–14; Venice pp.22–27 especially terminal paragraph at lines1113–1119; Amsterdam pp.35–39; Nuremberg pp.46–48.	Review notes Genoa pp.13–14; Venice pp.22–27 especially terminal paragraph at lines1113–1119; Amsterdam pp.35–39; Nuremberg pp.46–48. LIMIT: Explicitly relies on secondary literature. Used cautiously for liquidation and held candidates. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Genoa pp.13–14; Venice pp.22–27 especially terminal paragraph at lines1113–1119; Amsterdam pp.35–39; Nuremberg pp.46–48. LIMIT: Explicitly relies on secondary literature. Used cautiously for liquidation and held candidates. Full relevant passages inspected: bills and account units distinguish banco/current money, not merely balance credit risk. Venice bank unit explicitly survives metallic devaluation; Amsterdam 1659 dual valuation.
S705	Giuseppe Felloni, Il debito consolidato della repubblica di Genova nel secolo XVIII e la sua liquidazione (1969; reprint1998), Appendix Giuseppe Felloni Printed pp.193–198, Appendix and Tables8–9; PDF pages28–33 zero-based. Bibliography/original publication at p.167.	Review notes Printed pp.193–198, Appendix and Tables8–9; PDF pages28–33 zero-based. Bibliography/original publication at p.167. LIMIT: OCR text inspected; cited decrees and ASG Cancelleria ex sala35 n.960 not independently inspected. Derived findings deliberately concise. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Printed pp.193–198, Appendix and Tables8–9; PDF pages28–33 zero-based. Bibliography/original publication at p.167. LIMIT: OCR text inspected; cited decrees and ASG Cancelleria ex sala35 n.960 not independently inspected. Derived findings deliberately concise. Full passages inspected. Banco, current and permesso independently denominated obligations;1748 new banks use same banco unit;1751 permesso used for taxes, debt service, distributions; bank closures not unit abolition proof.
S706	Giuseppe Felloni, La Casa delle Compere e dei Banchi di San Giorgio, archival inventory introduction: banking business Giuseppe Felloni Numbered bank inventory items1–6, especially4–6, lines36–48.	Review notes Numbered bank inventory items1–6, especially4–6, lines36–48. LIMIT: Inventory chronology differs by one year from older essay on permesso closure; preserve range rather than silently choosing. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Numbered bank inventory items1–6, especially4–6, lines36–48. LIMIT: Inventory chronology differs by one year from older essay on permesso closure; preserve range rather than silently choosing.
S707	Thorington v. Smith, 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 1 (1868) US Supreme Court pp. 1–3 and 12–14; November 28, 1864 note; distinction between Confederate and lawful US dollars	Review notes Full relevant facts and opinion read; web ref turn584view0. Limits: Private-contract valuation is not sovereign note redemption or a general conversion decree. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant facts and opinion read; web ref turn584view0. Limits: Private-contract valuation is not sovereign note redemption or a general conversion decree. Full relevant judgment inspected: contractual Confederate dollars differed in kind and value from US dollars; historical USD-value recovery is not note redemption.
S708	Chief A.N. Onyiuke III v. G.E. Okeke, SC.430/1974, Supreme Court of Nigeria, 5 March 1976 Supreme Court of Nigeria Opening facts (February 1969 oil sale); discussion of Decree 48/1968; final paragraphs on absence of official conversion and prohibited substitution	Review notes Relevant judgment read in full, web refs turn584view1/turn588view0. Limits: Publisher is a legal transcription site. The judgment is evidence of adjudicated unit distinction and this contract's fate, not every postwar bank settlement. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant judgment read in full, web refs turn584view1/turn588view0. Limits: Publisher is a legal transcription site. The judgment is evidence of adjudicated unit distinction and this contract's fate, not every postwar bank settlement. Retained baseline inspection: Relevant judgment read in full, web refs turn584view1/turn588view0. Limits: Publisher is a legal transcription site. The judgment is evidence of adjudicated unit distinction and this contract's fate, not every postwar bank settlement.
S709	Herbert M. Bratter, The Monetary Use of Silver in 1933, US Department of Commerce, Trade Promotion Series 149 Herbert M. Bratter / US Department of Commerce p.49, Danzig, Free City of, opening and Present legal provisions	Review notes Relevant section read, web ref turn595view2. Limits: Reports the 1923 monetary law; original Danzig gazette not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant section read, web ref turn595view2. Limits: Reports the 1923 monetary law; original Danzig gazette not independently inspected. Full contemporary government-report HTML inspected, especially the two Rhodesia entries. Southern Rhodesia monetary unit explicitly a pound of 20 shillings and 240 pence, with British monetary system applying; 1932 legislation introduced local silver alongside British and South African pieces. The report contains inconsistent 1932 Act numbers between entries, so no Act number is imported here. Local coin issue is not itself treated as proof of a distinct account-unit birth.
S710	Federal Reserve Bulletin, September 1940: translated German Reichsbank annual report Federal Reserve Board / German Reichsbank p.947, currency reorganization of former Free City of Danzig; decrees 1 September 1939 (RGBl I 1567) and 7 September 1939 (RGBl I 1691)	Review notes Relevant full-text paragraphs read, web ref turn591view1. Limits: Cash exchange deadline excepts subsidiary pieces. Do not call 15 October the universal end of every Danzig-denominated claim. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full-text paragraphs read, web ref turn591view1. Limits: Cash exchange deadline excepts subsidiary pieces. Do not call 15 October the universal end of every Danzig-denominated claim. Existing v26 evidence register inspected; prior source inspection retained, not a new full-text retrieval unless expressly named below.
S711	Telegram 873, Department of State to Embassy in Congo, 13 December 1962 US Department of State FRUS 1961–1963 vol.XX, document357, pp.726–727, especially final FYI paragraph	Review notes Full telegram read, web ref turn600view0. Limits: The payments plan was proposed; this source does not prove its implementation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full telegram read, web ref turn600view0. Limits: The payments plan was proposed; this source does not prove its implementation. Retained baseline inspection: Full telegram read, web ref turn600view0. Limits: The payments plan was proposed; this source does not prove its implementation.
S712	IBRD/IDA, The Economy of the Republic of Congo (Leopoldville), vol.I, Report AF-23a, 8 July 1964 IBRD / IDA printed p.18, paragraph52, Currency; PDF page25 (zero-based24); currency-equivalents front matter	Review notes Relevant full PDF text read, web ref turn599view2. Limits: January 1963 is the report's replacement date; exact cash withdrawal schedule and completion date are not supplied. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full PDF text read, web ref turn599view2. Limits: January 1963 is the report's replacement date; exact cash withdrawal schedule and completion date are not supplied. Retained baseline inspection: Relevant full PDF text read, web ref turn599view2. Limits: January 1963 is the report's replacement date; exact cash withdrawal schedule and completion date are not supplied.
S713	Peter Symes, The Bank Notes of Biafra, IBNS Journal 36(4), 1997, updated edition reproduced on Biafran.org Peter Symes Attributed article beginning below the page introduction; The Bank of Biafra; The first Republic of Biafra Bank note issue; final recall paragraphs before Bibliography	Review notes Attributed article and quoted 1967 decree / 27 January 1968 speech inspected; web refs turn605view1 and turn606view1. Original author's URL failed. Limits: Host introduction conflicts with article (28 versus29 January issue). Use attributed research only, date introduction by month, and qualify reproduced quotations. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Attributed article and quoted 1967 decree / 27 January 1968 speech inspected; web refs turn605view1 and turn606view1. Original author's URL failed. Limits: Host introduction conflicts with article (28 versus29 January issue). Use attributed research only, date introduction by month, and qualify reproduced quotations. Retained baseline inspection: Attributed article and quoted 1967 decree / 27 January 1968 speech inspected; web refs turn605view1 and turn606view1. Original author's URL failed. Limits: Host introduction conflicts with article (28 versus29 January issue). Use attributed research only, date introduction by month, and qualify reproduced quotations.
S714	French Ministry of Economy, Treasury archival inventory: financial and monetary relations with Germany/Saar French Ministry of Economy / SAEF B-0061259/1–2; B-0061260/1–2; B-0061261/1–3; B-0061262/1; B-0060745/2 and B-0060748/1–2	Review notes Relevant archive descriptions read, web refs turn591view0 and turn600search1. Limits: Descriptions of creation, conversion and account files, not inspection of original ordinances or balance sheets. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant archive descriptions read, web refs turn591view0 and turn600search1. Limits: Descriptions of creation, conversion and account files, not inspection of original ordinances or balance sheets.
S715	Pierre Cauboue, Chronique des statistiques bancaires et des questions monétaires, Journal de la société statistique de Paris 90 (1949), 51–65 Pierre Cauboue p.64, subsection e, Introduction du franc en Sarre; PDF page15, zero-based14	Review notes Section read, web ref turn604view0. Limits: Confirms French-franc adoption; does not independently establish the Saarmark's earlier account-unit boundary. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Section read, web ref turn604view0. Limits: Confirms French-franc adoption; does not independently establish the Saarmark's earlier account-unit boundary.
S716	Consul General Langdon to Secretary of State, Tientsin, 8 October 1945 William R. Langdon / US Department of State FRUS 1945, Far East China vol.VII, document765, p.1031, paragraph on Manchukuo yuan	Review notes Relevant report read, web ref turn606view0. Limits: Contemporary secondhand report from an evacuated Mukden resident; establishes survival, not final conversion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant report read, web ref turn606view0. Limits: Contemporary secondhand report from an evacuated Mukden resident; establishes survival, not final conversion.
S717	Joint communiqué on irrevocable conversion rates, 2 May 1998 ECB / EU monetary authorities Main paragraphs and annex §1	Review notes Full communiqué and annex paragraph on legal ECU references inspected. Original Regulation1103/97 retrieval blocked by anti-bot page; existing S346/C642 retained without claiming fresh full-law retrieval. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full communiqué and annex paragraph on legal ECU references inspected. Original Regulation1103/97 retrieval blocked by anti-bot page; existing S346/C642 retained without claiming fresh full-law retrieval.
S718	Informe del Directorio al Honorable Congreso Nacional, Apuntes de Economía 18, July 2001 Banco Central del Ecuador Printed pp.6–7, II.A; contemporaneous exchange implementation and deadlines	Review notes Cover and printed pp.6–7 inspected; contemporary BCE account of implemented exchange. Distinguish2000unit replacement from2001cash redemption cutoff. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Cover and printed pp.6–7 inspected; contemporary BCE account of implemented exchange. Distinguish2000unit replacement from2001cash redemption cutoff.
S719	Bank of Ghana (Amendment) Act1965,Act282,9April1965 Republic of Ghana PDF8–9,printed5–6,s2 substituting s13(1)–(3)	Review notes Full archive downloaded; relevant statutory text inspected. Cedi100pesewas; all pound references in enactments,deeds,securities,documents and oral/written contracts convert; £1=2cedis40pesewas. Commencement day not proved by assent date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full archive downloaded; relevant statutory text inspected. Cedi100pesewas; all pound references in enactments,deeds,securities,documents and oral/written contracts convert; £1=2cedis40pesewas. Commencement day not proved by assent date.
S720	Décret49-376,1949 monetary reform French Republic; Djibouti Official Gazette Articles1,4,5(displayed Art9 after4),6,10	Review notes Full relevant official transcription read. Newunit DJF; resident CFA bankaccounts and resident commitments automatically convert, speculative transfers excepted. Gazette labels20March,otherofficialtexts17March; retain month/year. Original scan not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant official transcription read. Newunit DJF; resident CFA bankaccounts and resident commitments automatically convert, speculative transfers excepted. Gazette labels20March,otherofficialtexts17March; retain month/year. Original scan not inspected.
S721	Guinea-Bissau Introductory Basic Economic Report3529-GUB,VolumeI,21May1982 World Bank Printed27/PDF47,paragraph2.28;preceding2.23	Review notes Full PDF downloaded; relevant paragraphs read. BNG1976reform withdrew all Guineanescudo notes,introduced new monetaryunit peso.1975bankcreation distinct from1976currencyreform. No separately quoted privatecontract conversion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF downloaded; relevant paragraphs read. BNG1976reform withdrew all Guineanescudo notes,introduced new monetaryunit peso.1975bankcreation distinct from1976currencyreform. No separately quoted privatecontract conversion.
S722	Equatorial Guinea Introductory Economic Report4011-EG,15June1983 World Bank Paragraph4.1;budget table1969–1971 headed millions EGpesetas	Review notes Full PDF downloaded; monetary narrative and fiscaltable units read. Earlier nationalpeseta and later ekuele both at Spanishparity; parity alone no ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF downloaded; monetary narrative and fiscaltable units read. Earlier nationalpeseta and later ekuele both at Spanishparity; parity alone no ancestry.
S723	BEAC50anniversary,29November2022 Equatorial Guinea Government Press Office Patricio Nka historical account,paragraphs beginning Los primeros gobernadores through A partir de ahí	Review notes Full body read,lines65–69. Formergovernor reports1969centralbank law,pesetaguineana notes,1973bankname and note-denomination change. Participant testimony,not originallaws. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full body read,lines65–69. Formergovernor reports1969centralbank law,pesetaguineana notes,1973bankname and note-denomination change. Participant testimony,not originallaws.
S724	Des obligations contractées au Congo,JournaldesTribunaux,1April1962,217–221 Christian Lejeune and Louis Dierickx Printed217–219/PDF1–3,sections3–7;220section14	Review notes Downloaded full article; relevant text read.1887law expressly Congo accountunit. Shared metallicstandard,Belgiancoins andissuer not identity. Authors1960continuity thesis disputed by July1962response located only indexed; do notsettle disputed1960identity from this alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read parsed sections3–6. Rejects litigants’ single Belgian/Congo account-unit theory. The1887local unit survives1908adoption of Belgian/Latin-Union payment coins. Does not exhaust pre1887ancestry.
S725	Documentsparlementaires1920,SituationmonétaireduMaroc French Senate Printed410/PDF5,SituationmonétaireduMaroc	Review notes Full PDF downloaded; page read. Frenchfranc,Hassanipeseta,Spanishpeseta coexist regionally; Hassani transactionreckoning and1920demonetization100Hassanipesetas→200francs. No blanket privatecontract conversion inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF downloaded; page read. Frenchfranc,Hassanipeseta,Spanishpeseta coexist regionally; Hassani transactionreckoning and1920demonetization100Hassanipesetas→200francs. No blanket privatecontract conversion inspected.
S726	Ley de reducción proporcional del peso a córdoba en contratos, negocios u obligaciones, 13 March 1913 Nicaraguan legislature Articles 1–2 and 4; La Gaceta103,8May1913	Review notes Full statutory body inspected. Laws, unspecified-money contracts, fees and fines convert1250pesos to100córdobas. This is obligation conversion, not only note exchange. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full statutory body inspected. Laws, unspecified-money contracts, fees and fines convert1250pesos to100córdobas. This is obligation conversion, not only note exchange.
S727	Ley Monetaria1528,9October1947 Dominican Congress PDFpp1,3,7–8: arts1–2,5,20(1)–(2)	Review notes Official scanned original downloaded and full relevant OCR inspected. Phase1 explicitly retains USD obligations. Phase2 changes existing contracts and bank deposits to Dominican peso.1937subsidiarycoin continuity does not contradict new accountunit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official scanned original downloaded and full relevant OCR inspected. Phase1 explicitly retains USD obligations. Phase2 changes existing contracts and bank deposits to Dominican peso.1937subsidiarycoin continuity does not contradict new accountunit.
S728	Decree4921,7February1948, approving2February resolution Dominican President / Junta Monetaria Appended decree, resolution paragraph4; Gaceta6749,11Feb1948	Review notes Primary legislative transcription fully inspected, later consolidated collection. Paragraph4 explicitly dates second monetary-reform phase1February1948. Official originalscan preferred for future archival replacement; not confused with resolutionnumber2. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary legislative transcription fully inspected, later consolidated collection. Paragraph4 explicitly dates second monetary-reform phase1February1948. Official originalscan preferred for future archival replacement; not confused with resolutionnumber2.
S729	British Currency Act1838, revised laws chapter300 Bahamas legislature; Ralph Hone revised-laws compilation Chapter300 complete substantive section;29November1838; adjacent ch301CurrencyNoteAct1936	Review notes Body accessible and inspected. All local accounts, contracts and liabilities use British sterling; revised compilation retains this alongside local-note law. Strong evidence local notes did not create another poundunit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Coordinated full primary-law inspection by atlantic_roots: all contracts and liabilities sterling, operative alongside local 1936 note act.
S730	History of the Bahamian Monetary Systems1946–2003 Alvin Rabushka / Nassau Institute Printedpp6,10,23; Appendix1936CurrencyNoteActpp52ff	Review notes Downloaded fullPDF; relevant body inspected. Sterling moneyofaccount and localnote convertibility precede1966dollar. Useful corroboration, primary Act stronger. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded fullPDF; relevant body inspected. Sterling moneyofaccount and localnote convertibility precede1966dollar. Useful corroboration, primary Act stronger.
S731	Bermuda Monetary Authority Act1969 Bermuda legislature Section9(1)–(4), definitionsterling insection1	Review notes Full statutory mirror body inspected. Establishes Bermudiandollar and converts all pounds/shillings/pence contracts/statutes on6February1970 at sterlingparity. Does not by itself distinguish earlier localpound liabilityfromsterling. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full statutory mirror body inspected. Establishes Bermudiandollar and converts all pounds/shillings/pence contracts/statutes on6February1970 at sterlingparity. Does not by itself distinguish earlier localpound liabilityfromsterling.
S732	Monetary Systems of the Principal Countries of the World,1913 US Treasury, Office of Director of Mint Printedp22/PDFp22, BritishHonduras, excerptOrdinance31of1894	Review notes Full relevant primaryofficialcompilation inspected: US gold dollar standardforcontracts. British sovereigns in circulation do not prove sterlingaccount ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant primaryofficialcompilation inspected: US gold dollar standardforcontracts. British sovereigns in circulation do not prove sterlingaccount ancestry.
S733	Un Quetzal, una moneda, un siglo: Cien años de nuestra unidad monetaria Banco de Guatemala; José Rafael Vettorazzi Sagastume, editor/coordinator Printedpp108,119/PDF112,123; discussion decrees879,1379 and1925lawchVIarts49–57	Review notes FullPDF downloaded, relevant scholarlychapters inspected. Explicit replacement peso by quetzal,60:1conversion; USD relation is goldparity. Original1925contractclause not separately inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. FullPDF downloaded, relevant scholarlychapters inspected. Explicit replacement peso by quetzal,60:1conversion; USD relation is goldparity. Original1925contractclause not separately inspected.
S734	Ley84,28June1904, sobre moneda Panama National Convention PDFp2, GacetaOficial33,5July1904,rightcolumn arts1–6	Review notes Scan visuallyinspected. Filelabel83butgazettepagealso contains84. Balboa principalunit; USDgoldlegalatnominalvalue; silverpeso denomination=.5balboa; restrictedColombiansilverredemption. Continuation not in thisscan; no universalColombianaccountconversion established. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scan visuallyinspected. Filelabel83butgazettepagealso contains84. Balboa principalunit; USDgoldlegalatnominalvalue; silverpeso denomination=.5balboa; restrictedColombiansilverredemption. Continuation not in thisscan; no universalColombianaccountconversion established.
S735	De aanmuntingen voor de Nederlandse koloniën gedurende de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de U.S.A., JMP80(1993) L.M.J. Boegheim Printedpp234–235/PDF46–47,notes106–108	Review notes Original archival scholarship full relevantpassages inspected. Separation process1937legalnotes,1940attempt,1941petition,17October1942royalapproval and1943ownregulation. Cannot equate localnoteissue alone with unitbirth; widerprocess supports genuine branch. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original archival scholarship full relevantpassages inspected. Separation process1937legalnotes,1940attempt,1941petition,17October1942royalapproval and1943ownregulation. Cannot equate localnoteissue alone with unitbirth; widerprocess supports genuine branch.
S736	A History of Money and Banking in Barbados,1627–1973 (University of the West Indies Press,2010) Eric Armstrong Printed93: Public Accounts Act1of1949; printed110–112: regional currency arrangements	Review notes Already inspected full public text in this research turn. Printed93 describes Barbados government account conversion to dollars from1April1949;110–112describe regional board taking over existing circulation and securities. Preserve prior source and claims rather than duplicate entire source. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Already inspected full public text in this research turn. Printed93 describes Barbados government account conversion to dollars from1April1949;110–112describe regional board taking over existing circulation and securities. Preserve prior source and claims rather than duplicate entire source.
S737	Cuando las monedas de plata de Costa Rica duplicaron su valor: el decreto de1923, RevistaReflexiones, DOI10.15517/9n38gb78 José A. Vargas Zamora, Ronald Vílchez Rodríguez, Josué I. Sánchez Chaves SectionEl patrón oro de1896; quotation1896Decree3preamble anddiscussionartIX	Review notes Full scholarlysectioninspected. Accepted8April2026, volume citation2027; advanceonlinebody available.1896goldbasisreform andcolóntaxpayments; not proof ofmere1:1renaming. Originalassemblycompilation retrieval502. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full scholarlysectioninspected. Accepted8April2026, volume citation2027; advanceonlinebody available.1896goldbasisreform andcolóntaxpayments; not proof ofmere1:1renaming. Originalassemblycompilation retrieval502.
S738	Decision 87-CP, 25 April 1978 Council of Government, Vietnam Articles 1–2, 6 and 8; original Vietnamese text	Review notes Full statutory transcription articles1–12 inspected. Third-party transcription of original law; not a gazette facsimile. Article8 explicitly extends conversion to deposits, capital accounts, wages, pensions, subsidies and prices. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full statutory transcription articles1–12 inspected. Third-party transcription of original law; not a gazette facsimile. Article8 explicitly extends conversion to deposits, capital accounts, wages, pensions, subsidies and prices.
S739	Penetapan Presiden9/1963 President of Indonesia Printed227, articles1–4 (with preamble on preceding printed226)	Review notes Original-law book transcription pages230–231 inspected: KRrupiah unit defined; Malayan dollars circulate alongside temporarily then must be withdrawn/converted; territorial tender limitation. No uninspected later articles used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original-law book transcription pages230–231 inspected: KRrupiah unit defined; Malayan dollars circulate alongside temporarily then must be withdrawn/converted; territorial tender limitation. No uninspected later articles used.
S740	Perpres21/1963 on Riau salaries President of Indonesia Articles1–2 and general explanation; effective15October1963	Review notes Full legal transcription inspected. Salary schedules calculated in ordinary Rp but statutory KR payments established; previous Malayan-dollar government-payment regime explicitly explained. OCR table not reliable enough to transcribe rates. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Coordinated full-law inspection by asian_roots: national-Rp salary calculations versus KR-Rp payments, residual KR liabilities separately settled in 1964.
S741	Perpres24/1964 on salaries, pensions and allowances in Riau President of Indonesia Preamble(a)–(c), arts1,3,6, general explanation and explanation to art3	Review notes Full original-language legal transcription inspected. Preamble dates ordinary-rupiah tender from1June1964, while art6 salary regime begins1July1964. Residual KR payments/deductions are explicitly handled by separate minister rules; these rules not located. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-language legal transcription inspected. Preamble dates ordinary-rupiah tender from1June1964, while art6 salary regime begins1July1964. Residual KR payments/deductions are explicitly handled by separate minister rules; these rules not located.
S742	Establishment of Jinan Bank Handan Municipal Party History Research Office Main substantive paragraph beginning1939-10-15	Review notes Full short article inspected. Quotes substance of regional government law requiring Jinan pricing for fiscal receipts/expenditure, financial dealings, commercial transactions and settlement of debts. Does not give the law number or its enactment date; bank-opening date alone is not assigned as account-law date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Coordinated original-source inspection by asian_roots: policy designates Jinan denomination as pricing tool in obligations. Not independently reopened in this audit turn.
S743	Overview of Korea’s monetary measures Bank of Korea Digital Archive Overview and1950,1953,1962 sections	Review notes Full relevant archival overview inspected. Names1953 100:1 and1962 10:1 unit redenominations, with uniform adjustment of prices, securities, deposits, claims/debts in overview. Linked original-law images not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant archival overview inspected. Names1953 100:1 and1962 10:1 unit redenominations, with uniform adjustment of prices, securities, deposits, claims/debts in overview. Linked original-law images not inspected.
S744	Stabilizing finance and prices1949–1950 Bank of China Section1, gold-yuan redemption,28May–5June1949	Review notes Full relevant section inspected; institutional account of its own Shanghai redemption operations. Establishes actual redemption1old RMB:100000goldyuan in Shanghai, not a nationwide universal rate or debt-conversion law. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant section inspected; institutional account of its own Shanghai redemption operations. Establishes actual redemption1old RMB:100000goldyuan in Shanghai, not a nationwide universal rate or debt-conversion law.
S745	Standard and credit: modern Chinese silver monetary institutions and their transformation Yan Hongzhong SectionIV(1), paragraph beginning1930-01-15; source notes51–52	Review notes Inspected original scholarly article’s account of fiscal-unit replacement: Jan15 order effectiveFeb1 replaced Haikwan taels with CGU for import duties and derivative levies. Limited adoption scope; export duties not claimed. Archival decree itself not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected original scholarly article’s account of fiscal-unit replacement: Jan15 order effectiveFeb1 replaced Haikwan taels with CGU for import duties and derivative levies. Limited adoption scope; export duties not claimed. Archival decree itself not inspected.
S746	Emergency Presidential Order13,1953 Republic of Korea Article2, issued15February1953; unit provision effective17February	Review notes Official search-retrieved full article2 inspected (open page stripped legal body): expressly establishes hwan as account unit divided100chon, conversion1hwan:100won. Date is Feb17 for unit provision, Feb15enactment. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official search-retrieved full article2 inspected (open page stripped legal body): expressly establishes hwan as account unit divided100chon, conversion1hwan:100won. Date is Feb17 for unit provision, Feb15enactment.
S747	Emergency Currency Measures Act1088,1962 Republic of Korea Articles2–4, effective10June1962	Review notes Official search-retrieved articles1–7 inspected (full legal text returned by indexed retrieval); art2expressly establishes won as calculation unit; art4regulates hwan deposits/monetary debts. Principalunit distinction retained following parent adjudication. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official search-retrieved articles1–7 inspected (full legal text returned by indexed retrieval); art2expressly establishes won as calculation unit; art4regulates hwan deposits/monetary debts. Principalunit distinction retained following parent adjudication.
S748	Resolution 3081-1 of 18 June 1992, amended 25 September 1992 Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Paragraphs 2 and 4	Review notes Full primary text transcription inspected. Paragraph 2 expressly preserves Soviet notes/coins at nominal value for payments and account credits. This is unit continuity evidence, not simply an issuer chronology. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary text transcription inspected. Paragraph 2 expressly preserves Soviet notes/coins at nominal value for payments and account credits. This is unit continuity evidence, not simply an issuer chronology.
S749	Law 3537-1 of 25 September 1992, On the monetary system Russian Federation Articles 3, 6, 9, 12	Review notes Full primary text transcription inspected; ruble remains the official unit with 100 kopeks, exclusive CBR issuance and ruble settlement. No new differently defined accounting unit established. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary text transcription inspected; ruble remains the official unit with 100 kopeks, exclusive CBR issuance and ruble settlement. No new differently defined accounting unit established.
S750	Decree 1399 of 12 November 1993 President of Kazakhstan Paragraphs 1–3	Review notes Full official primary text inspected before later intermittent old.adilet access failure: tenge introduced 15 November, sole legal means 18 November, mandatory for payments and bank deposits. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official primary text inspected before later intermittent old.adilet access failure: tenge introduced 15 November, sole legal means 18 November, mandatory for payments and bank deposits.
S751	Decree 1400 of 12 November 1993 President of Kazakhstan Paragraph 1	Review notes Full primary transcription inspected; explicit exchange of USSR/Bank of Russia 1961–1992 ruble notes into tenge, ending 20 November; tender deadlines 15/18 November by denomination. Official Adilet metadata corroborates identifier. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary transcription inspected; explicit exchange of USSR/Bank of Russia 1961–1992 ruble notes into tenge, ending 20 November; tender deadlines 15/18 November by denomination. Official Adilet metadata corroborates identifier.
S752	Letter of 16 August 1994, On denomination of the Belarusian ruble Belarus Ministry of Finance Implementation of joint Resolution 15/1 of 12 August 1994; asset and liability denomination	Review notes Indexed primary-text passages inspected; repeated direct requests timed out or returned 502. Retrieved portions establish accounting denomination but not the initial national separation mechanism. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed primary-text passages inspected; repeated direct requests timed out or returned 502. Retrieved portions establish accounting denomination but not the initial national separation mechanism.
S753	Republic of Belarus: Recent Economic Developments, IMF Country Report99/143 International Monetary Fund Historical monetary chronology: July 1992 noncash rubel and May 1994 sole legal tender	Review notes Indexed substantive chronological passage inspected in this pass; full PDF requests blocked 403. July 1992 separate noncash rubel initially at Russian parity; May 1994 sole-tender milestone. Exact legal dates differ across retrospective accounts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed substantive chronological passage inspected in this pass; full PDF requests blocked 403. July 1992 separate noncash rubel initially at Russian parity; May 1994 sole-tender milestone. Exact legal dates differ across retrospective accounts.
S754	Decree 549/92 of 7 November 1992, Reform of the monetary system President of Ukraine Sections 1–2, 4–6, 8	Review notes Full primary text transcription inspected; official Rada endpoint was inaccessible. Ruble exits 12 November 1992 at 23:00; karbovanets becomes sole unit; assets, liabilities, contracts and reporting converted 1:1; coupons represent it in cash. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary text transcription inspected; official Rada endpoint was inaccessible. Ruble exits 12 November 1992 at 23:00; karbovanets becomes sole unit; assets, liabilities, contracts and reporting converted 1:1; coupons represent it in cash.
S755	History of the Georgian coupon National Bank of Georgia Money Museum Opening paragraph: Cabinet Resolution 246 of 24 March 1993; issue 5 April 1993	Review notes Full relevant Georgian article inspected. This source dates the cash issue; it is not alone used to prove an account-unit boundary. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant Georgian article inspected. This source dates the cash issue; it is not alone used to prove an account-unit boundary.
S756	Decree 363 of 16 September 1995 on introduction of lari Head of State of Georgia Sections 1, 4–5, 11, 13	Review notes Full official Georgian statute inspected. New lari equals one million coupons; prices and settlements in lari from 2 October; coupon assets/liabilities recalculated. Section 3 transcription appears internally inconsistent over cash coexistence, so not used for precise coupon tender end. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official Georgian statute inspected. New lari equals one million coupons; prices and settlements in lari from 2 October; coupon assets/liabilities recalculated. Section 3 transcription appears internally inconsistent over cash coexistence, so not used for precise coupon tender end.
S757	Resolution 550 of 12 November 1993 Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan Section 1; Appendix II sections 8–9	Review notes Full original-version primary text inspected. Coupon equals ruble for cash but accounting and noncash legal-entity settlements expressly remain in rubles. Initial coupon issue is not alone a new account unit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-version primary text inspected. Coupon equals ruble for cash but accounting and noncash legal-entity settlements expressly remain in rubles. Initial coupon issue is not alone a new account unit.
S758	Resolution 578 of 30 November 1993 Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan Sections 1–2, 4–6	Review notes Full original-version primary text inspected. Mandatory coupon payment/deposit acceptance from 6 December; Russian 1993 notes coexist; Soviet denominations phased out; separate cash receipts monitored. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-version primary text inspected. Mandatory coupon payment/deposit acceptance from 6 December; Russian 1993 notes coexist; Soviet denominations phased out; separate cash receipts monitored.
S759	Resolution 45 of 27 January 1994 on retail prices and tariffs Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan Section 1 and annex tariff heading; effective 1 February 1994	Review notes Full original-version primary text inspected. Statutory gas, electricity, transport and utility prices explicitly denominated in sum-coupons: direct account-unit evidence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-version primary text inspected. Statutory gas, electricity, transport and utility prices explicitly denominated in sum-coupons: direct account-unit evidence.
S760	Resolution 307 of 20 June 1994 Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan Sections 1–2, 5–6; appendix sections 1–2	Review notes Full official primary text inspected. Sum-coupon contracts, prices and accounts converted into sums at 1000:1 from 1 July; establishes coupon-denominated obligations rather than inferring them from banknote labels. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official primary text inspected. Sum-coupon contracts, prices and accounts converted into sums at 1000:1 from 1 July; establishes coupon-denominated obligations rather than inferring them from banknote labels.
S761	Resolution 137 of 15 March 1993 Government of Moldova Single-page resolution on 1000-cupon issue, 16 March 1993	Review notes Indexed official primary text inspected; full download 403. The instrument equals 1000 rubles. This proves cash equivalence, not a separate account unit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed official primary text inspected; full download 403. The instrument equals 1000 rubles. This proves cash equivalence, not a separate account unit.
S762	Decree 200 of 24 November 1993 President of Moldova Introduction of national leu from 29 November; list of outgoing ruble and coupon instruments	Review notes Indexed official primary text inspected; PDF 403 and HTML only loading shell. Cannot verify all account-conversion clauses from this endpoint in this pass. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed official primary text inspected; PDF 403 and HTML only loading shell. Cannot verify all account-conversion clauses from this endpoint in this pass.
S763	Monetary reform of Tajikistan during transition to a market economy, Vestnik SPbGU series 5, 2008(4), pp155–160 Sherali A. Davlatov Printed pp155–158, especially p157: State Commission resolution 6 May 1995	Review notes Full six-page original research PDF downloaded and text inspected. Describes decree-driven price and balance conversion; ratios differ by asset class. Text contains inconsistent summary ratios and an apparent 1994/1993 date typo; use its explicit itemized provisions, not universal ratios. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full six-page original research PDF downloaded and text inspected. Describes decree-driven price and balance conversion; ratios differ by asset class. Text contains inconsistent summary ratios and an apparent 1994/1993 date typo; use its explicit itemized provisions, not universal ratios.
S764	Currency Law 4 of 1951 Kingdom of Libya Articles 10–13	Review notes Full Arabic primary-law transcription inspected. Article 11 defines default contract/payment unit; Article 12 converts existing Egyptian-pound, Military-Authority-lira and Algerian-franc obligations regionally; Article 13 converts statutory monetary references. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Arabic primary-law transcription inspected. Article 11 defines default contract/payment unit; Article 12 converts existing Egyptian-pound, Military-Authority-lira and Algerian-franc obligations regionally; Article 13 converts statutory monetary references.
S765	Announcement 16 of 1952, 11 March Libyan Currency Commission Operative conversion rates under Currency Law sections 12,13,24	Review notes Full Arabic primary announcement inspected. Cyrenaica 97.5 Egyptian piastres and Fezzan 980 Algerian francs each equal one Libyan pound for obligations and monetary exchange. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Arabic primary announcement inspected. Cyrenaica 97.5 Egyptian piastres and Fezzan 980 Algerian francs each equal one Libyan pound for obligations and monetary exchange.
S766	Report on the Economy of the Lebanon, E45, 20 December 1948, revised 8 June 1949 F. G. Bochenski, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Printed pp31–35, paragraphs 96–104; PDF pages41–45	Review notes Full relevant contemporary mission report inspected. Common unit established 1920, currencies separated by 1937 agreement; January/February 1948 brought operational disengagement, Syrian notes exchanged in Lebanon and discounted thereafter. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant contemporary mission report inspected. Common unit established 1920, currencies separated by 1937 agreement; January/February 1948 brought operational disengagement, Syrian notes exchanged in Lebanon and discounted thereafter.
S767	An analysis of Qatar and Dubai’s Currency Board (1966–1973), Journal of Economics Library 5(2), 2018, pp134–145 Saksham Bhandari Printed pp135–136; Currency Agreement amended31August1966 art27; Board1966 appendices3–4	Review notes Full original research passage inspected. Reconstructs agreement and accounts: temporary Saudi circulation, then 106.5 Qatar-Dubai riyals per100 Saudi riyals; pre-devaluation Gulf-rupee balances guaranteed. No inference from names or coin weights. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original research passage inspected. Reconstructs agreement and accounts: temporary Saudi circulation, then 106.5 Qatar-Dubai riyals per100 Saudi riyals; pre-devaluation Gulf-rupee balances guaranteed. No inference from names or coin weights.
S768	The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire: Lessons for Currency Reform (1994), Princeton E191 Peter M. Garber and Michael G. Spencer Printed pp9–10,14 (PDF14–15,19)	Review notes Original research inspected. P14 reports March25,1919 conversion of crown contracts and resident checking deposits into stamped crowns at par, with foreign/nonresident exceptions. Pp9–10 documents SouthSlav stamping, levy and subsequent dinar exchange; these passages do not expressly establish a separate SouthSlav unit of account. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research Hungary section inspected. March18–27,1920 separation stamped AH notes; crown deposits before March8 converted at par. Notes levy and later deposit freeze separately explained. August1921 State Note Institute exchange is later issuer phase, not another new node.
S769	Decree on Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, March16,1939, Document2119-PS German Reich; US Government Printing Office translation Articles10,12; RGBl1939I p485	Review notes Full relevant articles inspected: krone continues legal tender alongside Reichsmark, and prior laws remain unless inconsistent. Does not itself replace existing account unit or establish separate new debts denomination. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant articles inspected: krone continues legal tender alongside Reichsmark, and prior laws remain unless inconsistent. Does not itself replace existing account unit or establish separate new debts denomination.
S770	Currency Act1927, No32 Oireachtas Section10; compare section4	Review notes Indexed substantive section10 inspected; full official HTML and PDF retrieval inaccessible. Future contracts default to currency legal tender under local Acts unless expressly foreign. Do not claim conversion of all preexisting sterling contracts; parliamentary debate July28,1927 distinguishes old contracts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed substantive section10 inspected; full official HTML and PDF retrieval inaccessible. Future contracts default to currency legal tender under local Acts unless expressly foreign. Do not claim conversion of all preexisting sterling contracts; parliamentary debate July28,1927 distinguishes old contracts.
S771	SMAD Order111/1948, June23,1948 Soviet Military Administration in Germany Sections1,4–9; ZVOBlNr20 June28,1948 p217	Review notes Full transcription inspected: new currency June24; account balances converted under §7 with general10:1 and important exceptions. Wages/prices unchanged; exclusions for specified state/foreign debts. This is territorial account conversion, not a universal10:1 law. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full transcription inspected: new currency June24; account balances converted under §7 with general10:1 and important exceptions. Wages/prices unchanged; exclusions for specified state/foreign debts. This is territorial account conversion, not a universal10:1 law.
S772	The Tongan Currency Board,1935–1989 (2020) Cameron C. Little JEB7(1),pp48–49	Review notes Original research inspected:1919 notes per1931 annual report; author has not located1919 act. 1935/36Treasury Notes Act/exchange arrangement against Australian pound discussed. Neither first notes nor parity establishes account-unit creation1921. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research inspected:1919 notes per1931 annual report; author has not located1919 act. 1935/36Treasury Notes Act/exchange arrangement against Australian pound discussed. Neither first notes nor parity establishes account-unit creation1921.
S773	Decimal Currency Act1966, consolidated Parliament of Samoa Sections3–5,12–13	Review notes Relevant text inspected. Existing pounds convert to tala2:1 and contractual references convert; §13 repeals §3Currency and Exchange Ordinance1961 and NZcurrency enactments. This proves the decimal successor but does not resolve whether preceding pound had independent scope in1959/1961. Consolidated definitions appear transposed; rely on clear operative clauses. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant text inspected. Existing pounds convert to tala2:1 and contractual references convert; §13 repeals §3Currency and Exchange Ordinance1961 and NZcurrency enactments. This proves the decimal successor but does not resolve whether preceding pound had independent scope in1959/1961. Consolidated definitions appear transposed; rely on clear operative clauses.
S774	Samoa Amendment Act1959 New Zealand Parliament Section39 replacing SamoaAct1921§364	Review notes Indexed substantive text only; full page inaccessible. Same currency as NewZealand is expressly subject to Ordinance exceptions. Those exceptions prevent a safe merger from this clause alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed substantive text only; full page inaccessible. Same currency as NewZealand is expressly subject to Ordinance exceptions. Those exceptions prevent a safe merger from this clause alone.
S775	Currency Ordinance1975, consolidated2025 Government of Saint Helena Sections3–4,8,12,21; commencement header	Review notes Full operative sections inspected. §8deems UKcurrency references in covered contracts/payments and existing law equivalent local currency; obligations payable outside territory excepted. §3local pound; §4sterling parity; §21existing UKcash may continue. Commencements span December19,1975 to October1,1976; original1976anchor retained pending clause-by-clause commencement notice. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant clauses inspected: s 3 local unit, s 8 independently local obligations and laws; sterling parity and continued UK-note use do not establish common-unit identity.
S776	The Malta Currency Board1949–68 (January1969) Joseph Licari Printed pp1,4–5,17–18	Review notes Original research inspected:1949§6localnotes exchange poundforsterling;March17,1968amendment authorizes different rate/suspension. These are explicit legally distinct local monetary obligations by1968;1914noteissue alone remains insufficient to date account branch. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research inspected:1949§6localnotes exchange poundforsterling;March17,1968amendment authorizes different rate/suspension. These are explicit legally distinct local monetary obligations by1968;1914noteissue alone remains insufficient to date account branch.
S777	Opinion1564, Australian currency and money of account Australian Attorney-General’s Department Discussion of AdelaideElectricSupplyvPrudential1934AC122; CoinageAct1909§7	Review notes Legal opinion substantive text inspected. Courts discuss common UK/Australian money of account for1920 obligation notwithstanding localnotes; local place-of-payment alters discharge. Contradicts asserting1825–1910 as demonstrated distinct-unit birth. No blanket modern Australian-pound merger proposed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Legal opinion substantive text inspected. Courts discuss common UK/Australian money of account for1920 obligation notwithstanding localnotes; local place-of-payment alters discharge. Contradicts asserting1825–1910 as demonstrated distinct-unit birth. No blanket modern Australian-pound merger proposed.
S778	Coinage Act1933 New Zealand Parliament Section7	Review notes Indexed substantive contract clause inspected; full NZ legislation/NZLII blocked, alternative AustLII URL410. Contracts default NZlegal currency unless another country or dominion is specified. Full original scan remains retrieval gap. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed substantive contract clause inspected; full NZ legislation/NZLII blocked, alternative AustLII URL410. Contracts default NZlegal currency unless another country or dominion is specified. Full original scan remains retrieval gap.
S779	Bulletin66(1),March2003, historical legal currency article Reserve Bank of New Zealand Printed p48,PDF47; footnote40	Review notes Body inspected: explicitly distinguishes NZpounds from sterlingissuedinNZ after1933Acts; quotes mandatory redemption of former banknotes in RBNZnotes/subsidiarycoins and separate sterling-delivery obligation. Supports regional unit succession beyond designs/issuer alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Body inspected: explicitly distinguishes NZpounds from sterlingissuedinNZ after1933Acts; quotes mandatory redemption of former banknotes in RBNZnotes/subsidiarycoins and separate sterling-delivery obligation. Supports regional unit succession beyond designs/issuer alone.
S780	The first20years of Estonia’s independent economy in1920–1940 (2025) Eesti Pank Printed p9,PDF10	Review notes Original historical research inspected: May2,1919equivalences between Estonianmark,Russianruble,ostmark; August1919former currencies invalidated. Demonstrates circulation replacement, but inspected passage does not specify old account/debt conversion. Do not upgrade initial1918parity into ancestry automatically. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original historical research inspected: May2,1919equivalences between Estonianmark,Russianruble,ostmark; August1919former currencies invalidated. Demonstrates circulation replacement, but inspected passage does not specify old account/debt conversion. Do not upgrade initial1918parity into ancestry automatically.
S781	Gesetz betreffend Einführung einer wertbeständigen Rechnungseinheit,October20,1923 Senate of the Free City of Danzig Sections1–4; GBlNr79October22p1067	Review notes Full transcription inspected. Gulden expressly accountunit=1/25sterling;markalso remainsaccountunit. Octoberlaw permits gulden transactions but does not involuntarily convert existingprivateclaims. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full transcription inspected. Gulden expressly accountunit=1/25sterling;markalso remainsaccountunit. Octoberlaw permits gulden transactions but does not involuntarily convert existingprivateclaims.
S782	Bekanntmachung concerning mark claims conversion,December31,1923 Senate of the Free City of Danzig GBlNr102December31,1923p1335; implementing LawNovember20§2(2)	Review notes Full short transcription inspected:markclaims payableingulden convert at750billionmarks pergulden under November20law. Explicit old/new obligation bridge. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full short transcription inspected:markclaims payableingulden convert at750billionmarks pergulden under November20law. Explicit old/new obligation bridge.
S783	Official Journal December1926, Danzig revaluation legislation League of Nations Printed p1618,translated1926law§1	Review notes Body inspected: private GermanReichcurrency claims converted under §2November20,1923law remain within revaluation law; postDecember18,1923claims excluded. Independent official confirmation of1923obligation conversion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Body inspected: private GermanReichcurrency claims converted under §2November20,1923law remain within revaluation law; postDecember18,1923claims excluded. Independent official confirmation of1923obligation conversion.
S784	The Monetary Union of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom – Its Operation, Fragmentation and Break-up, Economic History Yearbook63(2),2022,375–407 Frank Decker Printed pp375–379,sections1–2	Review notes Substantive opening sections inspected. Original research explicitly identifies common account unit before fragmentation and deliberate separate Australian/NZ currencies during1929–1936breakup. Later PDF requests405; later precise paragraph locations not claimed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive opening sections inspected. Original research explicitly identifies common account unit before fragmentation and deliberate separate Australian/NZ currencies during1929–1936breakup. Later PDF requests405; later precise paragraph locations not claimed.
S785	Currency Law1949,No13 Government of Cyprus Printed pp95–97,§§5,8–9,12–13	Review notes Original gazette text inspected. Contracts default colonycurrency; references in laws/documents to shillings interpreted as9piastres/Cyprusshilling; localpounds exchange against sterlinginLondon.1949is firm latestanchor, not claimed firstexistence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original gazette text inspected. Contracts default colonycurrency; references in laws/documents to shillings interpreted as9piastres/Cyprusshilling; localpounds exchange against sterlinginLondon.1949is firm latestanchor, not claimed firstexistence.
S786	Regulation May14,1924 on conversion of private-law obligations,DU1924No42item441 President of Poland Printed pp653–654,§§1–2; promulgatedMay21,1924	Review notes Original official scan text inspected. Covers specified preApril28privateclaims payableinPolishmarks, including originally imperial currencies subsequently payableinPolishmarks. Either party may demand conversiontozlotys usingdatedscale. Not universal1.8millionratio for all historicaldebts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original official scan text inspected. Covers specified preApril28privateclaims payableinPolishmarks, including originally imperial currencies subsequently payableinPolishmarks. Either party may demand conversiontozlotys usingdatedscale. Not universal1.8millionratio for all historicaldebts.
S787	The Currency Board Monetary System–The Case of Malta1939–1968,SAE25,January2015 Lily Zhu Printed pp2–3,Origins and Workings	Review notes Original research inspected:1914Treasury notes temporary/withdrawn;1939issueinitiallytemporary;1949OrdinanceNo1 establishedpermanentissue,Britishnotes ceasedtender September21,1949. Withdrawal alone does not prove automatic accountchange. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research inspected:1914Treasury notes temporary/withdrawn;1939issueinitiallytemporary;1949OrdinanceNo1 establishedpermanentissue,Britishnotes ceasedtender September21,1949. Withdrawal alone does not prove automatic accountchange.
S788	Zamena austrijskih kruna za dinare1920.godine, Istorija20.veka1/2014 Boško Mijatović Printed pp46–48,January13,1920decisions and implementation	Review notes Original research passages inspected. January13decision retains dinar-for-dinar and crown-for-crown accounting on dual notes; state treasuries reckon both units. Crown prices and creditor/debtor relations unchanged. Only stamped crowns eligible.1922note replacement, dinarsolemedium January1,1923. Supports Serbianunitcontinuity and distinct local crown accounts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected: local crown accounts, unchanged debts, partial monetary separation, eventual dinar absorption. Original research cites contemporary press and official gazette.
S789	Evaluating the Fijian board of commissioners of currency, Journal of Economics Library 7(1),2020,39–53 David Tammaro Printed pp41–43 and52, chronology and statutory appendix	Review notes Substantive PDF text inspected pp41–43: local account unit, official versus effective rates, independent Fijian monetary decisions1932–33 and currency-board domestic obligations. Its1929 floating-rate evidence alone does not date legal separation; by1933 it reports separate local pound and sterling drafts under legislative authority. References to Knapman are attributed, not falsely treated as direct inspection of Knapman. No birth inferred from1914 issuer. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive PDF text inspected pp41–43: local account unit, official versus effective rates, independent Fijian monetary decisions1932–33 and currency-board domestic obligations. Its1929 floating-rate evidence alone does not date legal separation; by1933 it reports separate local pound and sterling drafts under legislative authority. References to Knapman are attributed, not falsely treated as direct inspection of Knapman. No birth inferred from1914 issuer.
S790	Samoa Amendment Act1953,No52 New Zealand Parliament Section4, amendment of Samoa Act1921 section364	Review notes Indexed substantive statutory text inspected; direct full-page retrieval failed. Section4 allowed ministerial exchange-rate fixing and amended note redemption accordingly. Power over note redemption is not sufficient proof that ordinary account obligations ceased to be the New Zealand unit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed substantive statutory text inspected; direct full-page retrieval failed. Section4 allowed ministerial exchange-rate fixing and amended note redemption accordingly. Power over note redemption is not sufficient proof that ordinary account obligations ceased to be the New Zealand unit.
S791	Statutes at Large of the Provisional Government, first session (1861), published 1864 Confederate Provisional Congress; James M. Matthews, editor Printed pp.27–28, chapters I–II, Acts 9 and 14 February1861; chapterXLII pp.62–63	Review notes Scanned official statutes, relevant substantive OCR inspected. Chapters I–II continue U.S.laws, public salaries and fees, and official bonds in their previous amounts. Coinage provisions corroborate context but do not alone establish ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scanned official statutes, relevant substantive OCR inspected. Chapters I–II continue U.S.laws, public salaries and fees, and official bonds in their previous amounts. Coinage provisions corroborate context but do not alone establish ancestry.
S792	L'économie de la République du Congo (Léopoldville), Report AF-23a, VolumeI,14April1964, unofficial French translation World Bank Printed18/PDF25,paragraph52; PDF2 currency equivalents	Review notes Relevant full paragraph read via PDF text. Report distinguishes Congolese and Katangese franc units, says Katanga created its franc during secession, and records its actual January1963replacement by Congolese francs at1:1 despite intervening Congo devaluation. This contemporary economic report supports territorial unit separation without an exact founding day. Its1946-style dollar1,000 means one dollar using French decimal punctuation; no1000dollar reading intended. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full paragraph read via PDF text. Report distinguishes Congolese and Katangese franc units, says Katanga created its franc during secession, and records its actual January1963replacement by Congolese francs at1:1 despite intervening Congo devaluation. This contemporary economic report supports territorial unit separation without an exact founding day. Its1946-style dollar1,000 means one dollar using French decimal punctuation; no1000dollar reading intended.
S793	The Economy of The Gambia,ReportAW-12a,3December1969 World Bank PDF2 currencyunit; printed25–26/PDF39–40,paragraphs84–86	Review notes Full relevant PDF text read. Identifies Gambian pound unit and statutory sterlingparity, then separately records WACB notes/coins replaced fromOctober1964 throughJune1968; about£800000WACB currency exchanged against Gambianpounds byend1967. Actual localcredit and balance-sheet accounting also reported. Replacement evidence,not parityalone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant PDF text read. Identifies Gambian pound unit and statutory sterlingparity, then separately records WACB notes/coins replaced fromOctober1964 throughJune1968; about£800000WACB currency exchanged against Gambianpounds byend1967. Actual localcredit and balance-sheet accounting also reported. Replacement evidence,not parityalone.
S794	La population de la Tunisie vers1860. Essai d’évaluation d’après les registres fiscaux,Population21(5),1966,857–886 Jean Ganiage Printed858,La Mejba paragraph and footnotes3–4	Review notes Full relevant page text read. Original fiscalregister research identifies annual36piastre capitation institutedJuly1856,payable monthly. Author notes originaldecree not found;copy atheadBizerteregister1272(1855–1856) and consularcorrespondence used. This is a fiscalunit attestation,notcoinidentity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant page text read. Original fiscalregister research identifies annual36piastre capitation institutedJuly1856,payable monthly. Author notes originaldecree not found;copy atheadBizerteregister1272(1855–1856) and consularcorrespondence used. This is a fiscalunit attestation,notcoinidentity.
S795	The Collapse of the Gold Standard in Africa: Money and Colonialism in the Interwar Period,AfricanStudiesReview66(3),online20December2022 Leigh Gardner A Colonial Currency Revolution? paragraphs on British silver and1912WACB; web lines512–520	Review notes Full relevant article passages read. Distinguishes earlier British sterling circulation, localtax/budget problems,and separateWestAfricanpound established1912. Newunit andregionalreplacement explicitly stated,not inferred frompeg. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant article passages read. Distinguishes earlier British sterling circulation, localtax/budget problems,and separateWestAfricanpound established1912. Newunit andregionalreplacement explicitly stated,not inferred frompeg.
S796	West Africa(RepatriatedSilver),12March1923 UK Parliament,UnderSecretaryOrmsby-Gore Answer to MrWise	Review notes Full answer read. Britishcoins repatriated since1913,about£3m byend1922,received atfacevalueRoyalMint. Confirms actualwithdrawal,notmereplan. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full answer read. Britishcoins repatriated since1913,about£3m byend1922,received atfacevalueRoyalMint. Confirms actualwithdrawal,notmereplan.
S797	Currency and Banking in South Africa,FederalReserveBulletinNovember1922 Federal Reserve Board Printed1325–1329/PDF63–67,bankassets/liabilities,legalnotes,goldproblem and1920Act	Review notes FullPDFdownloaded,relevantpagesread. Governmentbankreturns in sterlingpounds from1891; localnotes andBritishgoldcoincirculation; banks legallymustredeem20shillingnote withsovereign evenafter1919goldpremium.1920law createslocallyredeemable certificates andcentralbankregime. Earlierprovinces notall identical legalstatus; scopeUnion monetarysystem. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. FullPDFdownloaded,relevantpagesread. Governmentbankreturns in sterlingpounds from1891; localnotes andBritishgoldcoincirculation; banks legallymustredeem20shillingnote withsovereign evenafter1919goldpremium.1920law createslocallyredeemable certificates andcentralbankregime. Earlierprovinces notall identical legalstatus; scopeUnion monetarysystem.
S798	SouthAfrica and theGoldStandard:ReportofCommissioners,FederalReserveBulletinMarch1925 E.W.Kemmerer andG.Vissering;FederalReserveBoard Printed172/PDF30,introduction andcommissionreportparagraph11	Review notes FullPDFdownloaded,relevantpageread. Commissionexplicitly saysSouthAfricanmonetaryunit for severalyears hasbeena differentpound fromsterling; discusseslocalprices andexchanges. Confirmsseparateunitbeforefirstissuer-year conventions. Originalreport reproducedfromCape newspapers16January1925. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. FullPDFdownloaded,relevantpageread. Commissionexplicitly saysSouthAfricanmonetaryunit for severalyears hasbeena differentpound fromsterling; discusseslocalprices andexchanges. Confirmsseparateunitbeforefirstissuer-year conventions. Originalreport reproducedfromCape newspapers16January1925.
S799	La Zone franc: entre symboles et incompréhensions,la nécessité de clarifier et d’apaiser le débat,Report729,2020 French Senate Finance Committee PartI.A.1(definition of threecurrencies),PartII.A.2(common1945currency andregionalconstruction),web lines362–365,454–463	Review notes Relevant full sections read. Report explicitly distinguishes two CFAcurrencies with identicalparity but separate legalagreements and restricted interconversion; separately traces history from common1945currency through regionalinstitution andunion construction. The report is authoritative parliamentaryresearch,not the original1945/1962unitstatutes. It compresses earlyissuer history; use foridentity andscopedregionaldescent,not exactissuer chronology. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full sections read. Report explicitly distinguishes two CFAcurrencies with identicalparity but separate legalagreements and restricted interconversion; separately traces history from common1945currency through regionalinstitution andunion construction. The report is authoritative parliamentaryresearch,not the original1945/1962unitstatutes. It compresses earlyissuer history; use foridentity andscopedregionaldescent,not exactissuer chronology.
S800	Political and Social Disturbances in the West Indies: A Brief Account and Bibliography (1906) Frank Cundall, Institute of Jamaica Printed pp20–21, PDF25–26, subsection1894—British Honduras	Review notes Full scan downloaded; title and pp20–21 inspected. Identifies former Guatemalan dollar/sol standard since1887, replacement15October1894, exchange50new cents per sol, and adjustment of prices and wages. Cites colonial annual report; not full ordinance transcription. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full scan downloaded; title and pp20–21 inspected. Identifies former Guatemalan dollar/sol standard since1887, replacement15October1894, exchange50new cents per sol, and adjustment of prices and wages. Cites colonial annual report; not full ordinance transcription.
S801	Congressional Record31, House (1898),p3757 United States Congress, reproducing contemporary consular and gubernatorial reports PDF16, printed3757, British Honduras paragraph	Review notes Full government scan downloaded. PDF16 text inspected. Contemporary evidence gives monthly wages before and after1894 and quotes governor on wages formerly expressed in sols and property prices now expressed in replacement gold money. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full government scan downloaded. PDF16 text inspected. Contemporary evidence gives monthly wages before and after1894 and quotes governor on wages formerly expressed in sols and property prices now expressed in replacement gold money.
S802	Law84 of28June1904, Gaceta Oficial33 of5July1904 Republic of Panama PDF2–3, articles1,4,6–10	Review notes All3scan pages available locally. Articles1,4,6–8 readable; article9 authorizes exchanging circulating currency. Article10 too faint for dependable full transcription; no general contract-conversion quotation admitted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. All3scan pages available locally. Articles1,4,6–8 readable; article9 authorizes exchanging circulating currency. Article10 too faint for dependable full transcription; no general contract-conversion quotation admitted.
S803	El sistema Monetario de Panamá. Parte Histórica, Revista de Economía y Estadística6(4)(1944),219–239 Ernesto J. Castillero R. Printed228–232; original journal https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/REyE/article/view/3211	Review notes Full body inspected in public mirror; official journal PDF blocked by Anubis. Pages228–232 distinguish Isthmian silver peso from mainland forced paper peso under1887exemption, then1904balboa. Author acknowledges limited original documentation. Identity boundary remains unresolved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Previously inspected original historical essay explicitly traces local Colombian silver-peso system into1904own balboa system. Silver/paper divergence is retained as a profile qualification, not grounds to erase the clearly stated local succession.
S804	Ceylon Currency British Period, Chapter III B. W. Fernando, Ceylon Government Press (1939) Chapter III §§14,17,19,22 (printed pp.8–13)	Review notes Full chapter transcription inspected. Rupee accounts and treasury conversion inspected; original archival orders are reproduced/described by the government author, not independently opened. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full chapter transcription inspected. Rupee accounts and treasury conversion inspected; original archival orders are reproduced/described by the government author, not independently opened.
S805	Report on Establishment of a Central Bank for Ceylon, Sessional Paper XIV John Exter (1949) Printed pp.3–5, sections 1–3	Review notes Report discussion inspected in full at pp.3–5. The later proposed bill is a draft and is NOT treated as enacted law. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Report discussion inspected in full at pp.3–5. The later proposed bill is a draft and is NOT treated as enacted law.
S806	The Burma Currency Board Alexandra Diehl (2017) Printed pp.4,6,8–9; Currency and Coinage Act1946 §§10,15,25	Review notes Relevant full paragraphs inspected. Section10 rupee unit, section25 assumption of prior note liabilities, and actual1948–1952 accounts read through original researcher; Act1946 not independently retrieved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full paragraphs inspected. Section10 rupee unit, section25 assumption of prior note liabilities, and actual1948–1952 accounts read through original researcher; Act1946 not independently retrieved.
S807	Burma Monetary Arrangements, 17 July1946 UK Parliament, A. Henderson 7.14pm opening statement, 7.19pm explanatory note, 7.21pm response	Review notes Full debate inspected. Direct contemporary explanation of1937 INR linkage, RBI exchange, planned1947 severance; not evidence that every proposed provision was already operative. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full debate inspected. Direct contemporary explanation of1937 INR linkage, RBI exchange, planned1947 severance; not evidence that every proposed provision was already operative.
S808	A brief history of Macao currency Ding Hao, Macao Foundation / Macao Memory Opening paragraph, before section 無本地貨幣	Review notes Full introductory account-unit passage inspected, not merely search snippet. Author explicitly connects1894 Mexican-dollar pataca accounting and later local monetary unit. Opening issue date1905 conflicts1906 actual circulation chronology; use bounded1894–1906, not precise issue date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full introductory account-unit passage inspected, not merely search snippet. Author explicitly connects1894 Mexican-dollar pataca accounting and later local monetary unit. Opening issue date1905 conflicts1906 actual circulation chronology; use bounded1894–1906, not precise issue date.
S809	Korean Cultural History8, currency reorganization and financial crisis National Institute of Korean History Section 백동화 정리와 화폐 금융 공황, paragraphs2–5; 1905–1909 circulation table	Review notes Substantive chapter text inspected including1905 contracts, January18 decrees, conversion and tax collection. Original decrees themselves not opened; no independent oldsilver-won node inferred solely from this conversion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive chapter text inspected including1905 contracts, January18 decrees, conversion and tax collection. Original decrees themselves not opened; no independent oldsilver-won node inferred solely from this conversion.
S810	Telegram 131-93, 24 July 1993, withdrawal of notes dated 1961–1992 Bank of Russia, primary telegram reproduced on Wikisource Opening provisions; instructions paragraph 1	Review notes Full transcription inspected, sourced to contemporary Kommersant/Vlast publication of 26 July. Withdraws note models, retains Soviet and Russian coins, and directs businesses to credit surrendered notes to existing accounts. Describes cash issue replacement, not a distinct new account scale. Original gazette not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full transcription inspected, sourced to contemporary Kommersant/Vlast publication of 26 July. Withdraws note models, retains Soviet and Russian coins, and directs businesses to credit surrendered notes to existing accounts. Describes cash issue replacement, not a distinct new account scale. Original gazette not inspected.
S811	Notes on the monetary situation in Persia as recorded by a Dutch trade mission to the court of Shah Abbas II, Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 211 (Spring 2012) Dick Nauta, translating and examining Cornelis Speelman / A. Hotz Printed pp. 25–26, sections 1–3; official journal of 1651 embassy published by Hotz 1908	Review notes Full PDF inspected. Original-source analysis and annotated translation. Toman explicitly accounts for fees, taxes, debts and transfers, with 100 mahmudis per toman. The journal records negotiations and transactions but is not itself an accounting ledger; do not mislabel it as such. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF inspected. Original-source analysis and annotated translation. Toman explicitly accounts for fees, taxes, debts and transfers, with 100 mahmudis per toman. The journal records negotiations and transactions but is not itself an accounting ledger; do not mislabel it as such.
S812	Coins and Coinage, Encyclopaedia Iranica VI/1, pp. 14–41 (1992) Stephen Album, Michael L. Bates and Willem Floor Safavid and later sections: paragraphs beginning Nāder Shah’s successors; In 1241/1825–26	Review notes Full article inspected. Original numismatic research documents coins revalued against the continuing toman account after 1776; qeran introduced as 1,000-dinar denomination in 1825–26. Earlier/later local standards require scoping. Its modern rial commencement statement conflicts with already inspected 1931 legislation, so do not import that date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full article inspected. Original numismatic research documents coins revalued against the continuing toman account after 1776; qeran introduced as 1,000-dinar denomination in 1825–26. Earlier/later local standards require scoping. Its modern rial commencement statement conflicts with already inspected 1931 legislation, so do not import that date.
S813	Monitoring Financial Stabilization in Moldova: The Role of Monetary Policy, Institutional Factors and Statistical Anomalies, IMF PPAA/94/25 (December 1994) James Haley and Ghiath Shabsigh PDF pp. 2 and 4, sections II–III	Review notes Full 10-page PDF inspected through web retrieval before later intermittent empty response. Contemporary original IMF study explicitly dates de facto national coupon currency to July 1993 after Russian demonetization, describes independent monetary aggregates and coupon depreciation feeding administered prices, and records 1 leu = 1,000 coupons. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full 10-page PDF inspected through web retrieval before later intermittent empty response. Contemporary original IMF study explicitly dates de facto national coupon currency to July 1993 after Russian demonetization, describes independent monetary aggregates and coupon depreciation feeding administered prices, and records 1 leu = 1,000 coupons.
S814	Decree of 24 November 1993 introducing the national currency, quoted in 29 noiembrie 1993 (2021) President of Moldova; reproduced by Moldpres state news agency Quoted decree paragraphs, article text lines 124–125	Review notes Full body inspected. Reproduction explicitly converts cash, account balances and population deposits at 1 leu for 1,000 coupons; introduction 29 November, exchange ends 2 December 1993 at 18:00. Official original decree PDF is https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/61825 but direct access failed; do not describe original PDF as fully inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full body inspected. Reproduction explicitly converts cash, account balances and population deposits at 1 leu for 1,000 coupons; introduction 29 November, exchange ends 2 December 1993 at 18:00. Official original decree PDF is https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/61825 but direct access failed; do not describe original PDF as fully inspected.
S815	Currency Unification in Libya, IMF Staff Papers 2, pp. 439–467 (1952) G. A. Blowers and A. N. McLeod Money and Banking, Tripolitania; Supplementary Note	Review notes Original advisers report prepared 1951, published with 1952 update. Substantive full indexed passages inspected despite direct page 403: Italian metropolitan lira and BMA pound retired following MAL introduction 15 September 1943; ceased legal tender 30 November 1943, with low-denomination Italian pieces continuing accepted as MAL. Report explicitly discusses lira bank deposits and new Libyan pound circulation 24 March 1952. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original advisers report prepared 1951, published with 1952 update. Substantive full indexed passages inspected despite direct page 403: Italian metropolitan lira and BMA pound retired following MAL introduction 15 September 1943; ceased legal tender 30 November 1943, with low-denomination Italian pieces continuing accepted as MAL. Report explicitly discusses lira bank deposits and new Libyan pound circulation 24 March 1952.
S816	Decree of 16 March 1939, No. 75/1939 Sb., establishing the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia German Reich, decree reproduced on Wikisource Articles 10 and 12	Review notes Full legal transcription inspected. Article 10 retains the koruna alongside Reichsmark and empowers official exchange rating; article 12 continues prior law subject to occupation provisions. Reproduction, not an inspected original gazette scan. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full legal transcription inspected. Article 10 retains the koruna alongside Reichsmark and empowers official exchange rating; article 12 continues prior law subject to occupation provisions. Reproduction, not an inspected original gazette scan.
S817	Měnová politika v období protektorátu Czech National Bank Body paragraphs 1–5	Review notes Full central-bank history inspected. Inherited koruna remains local accounting unit; bank renamed 31 March 1939, forced rate 10 K/RM, separate external payments ended with customs integration 1 October 1940. Later claims and budgets explicitly stated in koruna. Political/monetary autonomy is not confused with account-unit survival. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full central-bank history inspected. Inherited koruna remains local accounting unit; bank renamed 31 March 1939, forced rate 10 K/RM, separate external payments ended with customs integration 1 October 1940. Later claims and budgets explicitly stated in koruna. Political/monetary autonomy is not confused with account-unit survival.
S818	Službeni list DFJ, No. 62, 21 August 1945 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, Ministry of Finance Regulations citing 5 April 1945 conversion and obligation law; conversion table and blocked-account provisions, printed pp. 591 onward	Review notes Direct PDF failed 403. Indexed legal text inspected: 100 Serbian occupation dinars = 5 DFJ dinars; certificates, blocked accounts and withdrawals handled under April conversion and obligation law. Do not describe scan as fully inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Direct PDF failed 403. Indexed legal text inspected: 100 Serbian occupation dinars = 5 DFJ dinars; certificates, blocked accounts and withdrawals handled under April conversion and obligation law. Do not describe scan as fully inspected.
S819	November 1983 issue, section Zamena okupacijskih novčanica Jugoslovenski pregled (institutional review; byline not verified) Printed p. 433	Review notes Substantive indexed page text inspected; direct PDF unavailable. Describes April 5 laws, 100 Serbian dinars = 5 DFJ dinars, and settlement of occupation-currency obligations created after 18 April 1941 at note-conversion rates from the first conversion day. Earlier Yugoslav obligations temporarily had a moratorium; do not universalize rate to prewar contracts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive indexed page text inspected; direct PDF unavailable. Describes April 5 laws, 100 Serbian dinars = 5 DFJ dinars, and settlement of occupation-currency obligations created after 18 April 1941 at note-conversion rates from the first conversion day. Earlier Yugoslav obligations temporarily had a moratorium; do not universalize rate to prewar contracts.
S820	Socijalističko bankarstvo: neprekidna evolucija bankarskog sektora u Jugoslaviji (1944/45–1991/92), Anali PFB 1/2022 Saša Ilić, National Bank of Serbia Archive PDF p. 6, section 2, notes 9–10	Review notes Full original-research PDF inspected. Documents seven occupation currency systems, replacement during April–June 1945, and exact legal citations: Službeni list DFJ 20/1945 (withdrawal), 23/1945 (rates and obligations), 44/1945 (Croatian extension). Supports actual monetary succession, not merely a planned note issue. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-research PDF inspected. Documents seven occupation currency systems, replacement during April–June 1945, and exact legal citations: Službeni list DFJ 20/1945 (withdrawal), 23/1945 (rates and obligations), 44/1945 (Croatian extension). Supports actual monetary succession, not merely a planned note issue.
S821	Decreto-legge6marzo1961,n.2,Ordinamento Monetario; Bollettino Ufficiale12marzo1961,Supplement1No3 Somali Republic Printed pp3–6,arts1,6,8–11; PDF pp2–4	Review notes Original Italian gazette substantive text inspected. Art10 converts obligations in somalo and East African shillings payable within the republic thirty days after entry into force; books and value indications must then use Somali shillings. Art11 gives parity. Arts8–9 preserve regional tenders temporarily and direct northern withdrawal by25June1961. Exact day of account conversion not inferred without commencement rule. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original Italian gazette substantive text inspected. Art10 converts obligations in somalo and East African shillings payable within the republic thirty days after entry into force; books and value indications must then use Somali shillings. Art11 gives parity. Arts8–9 preserve regional tenders temporarily and direct northern withdrawal by25June1961. Exact day of account conversion not inferred without commencement rule.
S822	Law13 of23May1961,conversion of Decree-law2 of6March1961 Somali Republic / Roma Tre archival edition Archive metadata and linked one-page Somali text,sole article	Review notes Both metadata and substantive sole article inspected. Correct ratification number13; secondary history number3 is a transcription error. This law ratifies the monetary decree; it does not itself supply additional conversion terms. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Both metadata and substantive sole article inspected. Correct ratification number13; secondary history number3 is a transcription error. This law ratifies the monetary decree; it does not itself supply additional conversion terms.
S823	Central Bank of Malta (Amendment No2) Act,XX of1971 Parliament of Malta Section2 replacing section37; English pp6–7; Parliament bill9 explanatory text	Review notes Substantive bilingual act inspected. Principal unit remains Malta pound, with only subdivision converted. Covered contracts, statutory references and bank-account balances convert shilling/penny portions into decimal subdivisions. Explanatory text explicitly says principal unit remains. This firmly excludes1972 decimalization as birth of a new pound/lira identity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive bilingual act inspected. Principal unit remains Malta pound, with only subdivision converted. Covered contracts, statutory references and bank-account balances convert shilling/penny portions into decimal subdivisions. Explanatory text explicitly says principal unit remains. This firmly excludes1972 decimalization as birth of a new pound/lira identity.
S824	The Political Economy of Poverty,Equity,and Growth:Five Small Open Economies,World Bank/OUP1993 Ronald Findlay and Stanislaw Wellisz Malta chapter,printed p268,The Monetary System	Review notes FullPDF downloaded and extracted locally after web-size limit; relevant p268 inspected. Describes British currency until1949 local Maltese-pound issue, subsequent devaluation alongside sterling, and1967Act as independent policy foundation. No inferred contract clause beyond text; paired with Licari legal analysis and1971primary continuity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. FullPDF downloaded and extracted locally after web-size limit; relevant p268 inspected. Describes British currency until1949 local Maltese-pound issue, subsequent devaluation alongside sterling, and1967Act as independent policy foundation. No inferred contract clause beyond text; paired with Licari legal analysis and1971primary continuity.
S825	Metadata on the Exchange rate statistics,24September2025 Deutsche Bundesbank Samoa entry,PDF page209 (zero-based208),Legacy currency and Currency history	Review notes Official fullPDF substantive entry inspected. Explicitly identifies New Zealand pound as legacy currency, calling Western Samoan pound an alternative name, and gives10July1967replacement at1pound=2tala. This is affirmative identity evidence, beyond parity or issuer resemblance. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official fullPDF substantive entry inspected. Explicitly identifies New Zealand pound as legacy currency, calling Western Samoan pound an alternative name, and gives10July1967replacement at1pound=2tala. This is affirmative identity evidence, beyond parity or issuer resemblance.
S826	Decimal Currency Act1966,No3,consolidated edition Samoa Parliament / Attorney General Sections3–5 and13; printed pp3–6 and10	Review notes Substantive text inspected: section3principal tala and2tala perexisting pound; sections4–5future contracts and old references convert. Section13repeals1961Ordinance section3. Consolidated section2 appears to transpose existing/decimal definitions; operational sections used, not that apparent editorial error. Underlying1961section3not retrieved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive text inspected: section3principal tala and2tala perexisting pound; sections4–5future contracts and old references convert. Section13repeals1961Ordinance section3. Consolidated section2 appears to transpose existing/decimal definitions; operational sections used, not that apparent editorial error. Underlying1961section3not retrieved.
S827	Economic Conditions in Japan1933–1934 (1935), AnnexI: Formosa A. R. Ovens, British Consul at Tamsui; Department of Overseas Trade Printed p112, PDF page114, General Statistics: Monetary Unit and Rate of Exchange	Review notes Downloaded complete primary report, extracted text and visually inspected page114. Report explicitly states Taiwan monetary unit is the same as Japan. Local file taiwan-contemporary-report.pdf; rendered evidence taiwan-unit-page.png. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete primary report, extracted text and visually inspected page114. Report explicitly states Taiwan monetary unit is the same as Japan. Local file taiwan-contemporary-report.pdf; rendered evidence taiwan-unit-page.png.
S828	The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (Columbia UP2010) Steven Bryan Chapter9, pp160–164	Review notes Full relevant passages inspected in text mirror:1898two-tier Taiwan arrangement separated Japanese gold bookkeeping for officials/trade from other silver dealings. Earlier silver accounting deserves separate scoped research; cannot simply backdate1930s common-unit evidence. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected in text mirror:1898two-tier Taiwan arrangement separated Japanese gold bookkeeping for officials/trade from other silver dealings. Earlier silver accounting deserves separate scoped research; cannot simply backdate1930s common-unit evidence.
S829	The long history of financial boom-bust cycles in Iceland, Part I (2015); reproduced in Ólafsson, Macrofinancial Linkages and Crises in Small Open Economies (2016) Bjarni G. Einarsson, Kristófer Gunnlaugsson, Thorvardur Tjörvi Ólafsson and Thórarinn G. Pétursson Dissertation chapter2, section2.3, printed p70; original working paper68 p10	Review notes Full dissertation retrieved; historical monetary-regime passage on p70 inspected. Original authors explicitly identify the exit from Denmark's monetary union and establishment of the separate Icelandic currency in1922. Original WP mirror retrieval later403; dissertation reproduces the passage. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full dissertation retrieved; historical monetary-regime passage on p70 inspected. Original authors explicitly identify the exit from Denmark's monetary union and establishment of the separate Icelandic currency in1922. Original WP mirror retrieval later403; dissertation reproduces the passage.
S830	The Modern Colonial Sterling Exchange Standard, IMF Staff Papers2(2)(April1952),318–362 H. A. Shannon Convertibility of Colonial Currencies, first paragraph; Appendix I, British Guiana general note(i), Trinidad and Tobago general note(i)	Review notes Inspected extended indexed full passages returned by web search, including named section and complete appendix paragraphs. Direct page/PDF opens returned403. Bibliography confirmed via RePEc record https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/imfstp/v2y1952i2p318-362.html. Explicitly distinguishes sterling-account adoption elsewhere from continued Spanish-dollar principal accounting in Eastern islands; traces the latter into BWI dollar. Not merely evidence of coin circulation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected extended indexed full passages returned by web search, including named section and complete appendix paragraphs. Direct page/PDF opens returned403. Bibliography confirmed via RePEc record https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/imfstp/v2y1952i2p318-362.html. Explicitly distinguishes sterling-account adoption elsewhere from continued Spanish-dollar principal accounting in Eastern islands; traces the latter into BWI dollar. Not merely evidence of coin circulation.
S831	La monnaie malgache,26November2010 Association of African Central Banks Colonial and independence sections,web lines14–19	Review notes Fresh full relevant history read.1925law described as firstspecificallyMalagasyfranc;1July1963existing legaltender currency takes namefrancmalgache. No newaccountunit or absorption is stated.1972inconvertibility and1973issuerchange follow without replacement of unit. This is institutionalhistory,not originallaw text. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Fresh full relevant history read.1925law described as firstspecificallyMalagasyfranc;1July1963existing legaltender currency takes namefrancmalgache. No newaccountunit or absorption is stated.1972inconvertibility and1973issuerchange follow without replacement of unit. This is institutionalhistory,not originallaw text.
S832	L’économie des Comores,Report1626a-COM,26July1977,unofficial French translation World Bank Printed24/PDF52,paragraph54;paragraph55 continues	Review notes Full236page PDF downloaded; complete relevantpage text read. Pre-independence monetaryagreements remained inforce; explicitlycalls circulatingunit Comorianfranc,exactequivalentofCFAfranc.IEC inherited BMC monetaryfunctions1974. This proves currencycontinuity; not merely firstnotes or peg. No exactunitbirth established. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full236page PDF downloaded; complete relevantpage text read. Pre-independence monetaryagreements remained inforce; explicitlycalls circulatingunit Comorianfranc,exactequivalentofCFAfranc.IEC inherited BMC monetaryfunctions1974. This proves currencycontinuity; not merely firstnotes or peg. No exactunitbirth established.
S833	Monetary cooperation agreement23November1979,as amended29April1987 France and Comoros Articles4,6,8;PDF1–2	Review notes Full relevanttranscribed treaty articlesread. Art4centralbank continues thirdpartyrights/obligations of IEC;art6names currencyComorianfranc;art8definition toFrenchfranc. Legaltext publishedby specialistlegalrepository,not originalgazettescan.1987amendededition means do notassume everywordoriginal1979. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevanttranscribed treaty articlesread. Art4centralbank continues thirdpartyrights/obligations of IEC;art6names currencyComorianfranc;art8definition toFrenchfranc. Legaltext publishedby specialistlegalrepository,not originalgazettescan.1987amendededition means do notassume everywordoriginal1979.
S834	Memorandum to Robert S.McNamara: Guinea-Bissau,Your meeting with the Ambassador to the UN,11May1976 Roger Chaufournier,World Bank Folder1771066,printed2/PDF7,paragraph5	Review notes Full relevant memorandum paragraphread inarchivalPDF. Escudo replaced by itsowncurrency,peso,inFebruary1976; Portugueseholdings subsequentlyfrozen. Contemporary replacement evidence reinforces1982report. Doesnot independentlydefine everyearlier colonialescudolegalboundary. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant memorandum paragraphread inarchivalPDF. Escudo replaced by itsowncurrency,peso,inFebruary1976; Portugueseholdings subsequentlyfrozen. Contemporary replacement evidence reinforces1982report. Doesnot independentlydefine everyearlier colonialescudolegalboundary.
S835	Oprichting van de CBvS Centrale Bank van Suriname Historical paragraphs: aansluiting1827–1940; monetaire autonomie1940	Review notes Full official page inspected. It labels1827–1940as incorporation into Netherlands monetary arrangements and1940onward monetary autonomy, explicitly describes Surinamese guilder detached from Netherlands guilder. This dates territorial unit separation; USD peg is context only. Page's1848bank liquidation appears mistyped1948; not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official page inspected. It labels1827–1940as incorporation into Netherlands monetary arrangements and1940onward monetary autonomy, explicitly describes Surinamese guilder detached from Netherlands guilder. This dates territorial unit separation; USD peg is context only. Page's1848bank liquidation appears mistyped1948; not used.
S836	De curso legal: Historia de la moneda de El Salvador (2012) Museo Universitario de Antropología; introduction by Ramón D. Rivas PDF5, introductory paragraph beginning En la época de la naciente República; metadata https://repositorio.utec.edu.sv/items/f665b888-bba9-4c0e-86ff-525c94feead2	Review notes Original university museum exhibition publication opened in full PDF. Introduction explicitly identifies inherited Spanish real accounting system in nascent Republic after independence and Central American federation.2012publication date from catalogue citation, not2025repository ingestion. Other broad historical claims not adopted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original university museum exhibition publication opened in full PDF. Introduction explicitly identifies inherited Spanish real accounting system in nascent Republic after independence and Central American federation.2012publication date from catalogue citation, not2025repository ingestion. Other broad historical claims not adopted.
S837	The Measures, Weights, & Moneys of All Nations, second edition (1859) W. S. B. Woolhouse Printed112, PDF117, West Indies; title page PDF2	Review notes Full scan downloaded, title and printed112 inspected through extracted text. Explicit1842establishment of British currency and conversion of existing contracts from former local currency. OCR mangles fraction in ratio, so no exact ratio adopted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full scan downloaded, title and printed112 inspected through extracted text. Explicit1842establishment of British currency and conversion of existing contracts from former local currency. OCR mangles fraction in ratio, so no exact ratio adopted.
S838	B-197708,8April1980: Disposition of Valueless Foreign Currencies United States General Accounting Office Decision paragraphs beginning The Treasury Department reports and Although currently valueless; disposition at end	Review notes Full decision read. Treasury's evacuated Cambodian riels are treated as valueless as a medium of exchange and eligible for write-off/destruction. This is positive evidence about those old notes, not a Cambodian statute governing every domestic private debt. The combined$914.66 accounting amount covers Vietnamese and Cambodian holdings together and is not a Cambodian conversion rate. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full decision read. Treasury's evacuated Cambodian riels are treated as valueless as a medium of exchange and eligible for write-off/destruction. This is positive evidence about those old notes, not a Cambodian statute governing every domestic private debt. The combined$914.66 accounting amount covers Vietnamese and Cambodian holdings together and is not a Cambodian conversion rate.
S839	The Riel Value of Money, AsiaPacific Issues49 (East-West Center,2001) Sheridan T. Prasso Printed p6, Aftermath of the Khmer Rouge; p5 nominal sterling account passage is held separately	Review notes Full relevant passages inspected. Currency was reissued under the riel name inMarch1980; account describes displacement of Thai and Vietnamese currencies in circulation, not redemption of pre1975 riel obligations. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected. Currency was reissued under the riel name inMarch1980; account describes displacement of Thai and Vietnamese currencies in circulation, not redemption of pre1975 riel obligations.
S840	Eastern Exchange, Currency and Finance William F. Spalding (1920) Chapter XI printed pp.134–142 (PDF155–163)	Review notes Relevant full passages inspected: commercial dollar accounts versus government rupees;1890 Mexican standard;1903–1906 replacement;1916/1918 local dollar debt. Early colonial storytelling is not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full passages inspected: commercial dollar accounts versus government rupees;1890 Mexican standard;1903–1906 replacement;1916/1918 local dollar debt. Early colonial storytelling is not used.
S841	Government order20March1951, published1April1951 p.1 Central Peoples Government / Peoples Daily First article articles1–3 and following PBC implementation notice	Review notes Full original order transcription inspected, including prices/accounts/contracts and old debts,9.5:1 conversion, effective1April. Reproduction on third-party newspaper archive; newspaper page image not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original order transcription inspected, including prices/accounts/contracts and old debts,9.5:1 conversion, effective1April. Reproduction on third-party newspaper archive; newspaper page image not inspected.
S842	Durbed/Taikang local gazetteer, currency section Heilongjiang Provincial History and Gazetteer Research Office Currency section: 伪国币 paragraph; 东北券 paragraph	Review notes Full local history paragraphs inspected. Contains an obvious unrelated typo Kangde3=1926; use1946 conversion paragraph only. Geographic scope local, not every Manchurian monetary regime. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full local history paragraphs inspected. Contains an obvious unrelated typo Kangde3=1926; use1946 conversion paragraph only. Geographic scope local, not every Manchurian monetary regime.
S843	Brief history of the former Bank of Korea Bank of Korea Digital Archives Paragraphs on1905 treasury role,1909 capitalization and inheritance of deposits/loans	Review notes Full main history inspected. Deposits/loans/claims/liabilities inherited from Daiichi, then institution renamed Chosen1911. Bank identity does not create another currency node. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full main history inspected. Deposits/loans/claims/liabilities inherited from Daiichi, then institution renamed Chosen1911. Bank identity does not create another currency node.
S844	In Korea with Marquis Ito George Trumbull Ladd (1908) Chapter XIII pp.302,315–320,322–325;1906 financial adviser report reproduced	Review notes Inspected tax, treasury,1905 conversion,1906 contract and1907 budget passages. Contemporary colonial apologist; no racial/political evaluations adopted. Documentary financial passages used with independent Korean institutional histories. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected tax, treasury,1905 conversion,1906 contract and1907 budget passages. Contemporary colonial apologist; no racial/political evaluations adopted. Documentary financial passages used with independent Korean institutional histories.
S845	How Chen Yun maintained RMB monetary sovereignty; original Ningbo Party School Journal2022/2 Dong Zhikai (2022), CASS Institute of Economics Section III, especially paragraphs3–5; citations3–8	Review notes Full Tibet section and bibliography inspected. Original scholarly documentary research, republished on advocacy site. July1959 wages/pricing and August redemption distinguished; metal coins bought by bullion value. Political characterizations not adopted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Tibet section and bibliography inspected. Original scholarly documentary research, republished on advocacy site. July1959 wages/pricing and August redemption distinguished; metal coins bought by bullion value. Political characterizations not adopted.
S846	Fabi and gold-yuan section Shandong provincial gazetteer, Zhifu district history Section2 opening paragraph and subsequent redemption/debt paragraph	Review notes Full section inspected. CGU note redemption150000:1 goldyuan and local realization; does not identify final CGU customs assessment-account date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full section inspected. CGU note redemption150000:1 goldyuan and local realization; does not identify final CGU customs assessment-account date.
S847	A Survey of Kerala History A. Sreedhara Menon Opening sources chapter, Coins subsection final paragraph	Review notes Full coin subsection inspected in book transcription. Only says Travancore coins ceased legal tender April1950; no debt or account conversion, so cannot claim account ending alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full coin subsection inspected in book transcription. Only says Travancore coins ceased legal tender April1950; no debt or account conversion, so cannot claim account ending alone.
S848	West Indies (Decimal Currency),5June1946, Hansard volume423 columns1994–1995 George Hall, Secretary of State for the Colonies, UK House of Commons Question36, first ministerial answer, lines12–15	Review notes Full primary parliamentary answer inspected. Hall identifies May1946conference participants including Barbados and expressly describes the chief unit in the proposed uniform decimal arrangement as the existing British West Indian dollar. This is evidence of principal-unit continuity, beyond common parity or mere note takeover. At that date recommendations were still under consideration; do not date implementation to1946. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary parliamentary answer inspected. Hall identifies May1946conference participants including Barbados and expressly describes the chief unit in the proposed uniform decimal arrangement as the existing British West Indian dollar. This is evidence of principal-unit continuity, beyond common parity or mere note takeover. At that date recommendations were still under consideration; do not date implementation to1946.
S849	SWNCC176/8, Basic Initial Directive for Civil Affairs in US-Occupied Korea, approved13 October1945, transmitted17 October1945 State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee; reproduced in Foreign Relations of the United States Part III §§31–35,41; editorial note1; geographic scope §1b	Review notes Inspected English full-text financial sections and editorial dating/scope. The directive is for US-occupied Korea. It retains Chosen/A-yen at par, excludes BOJ/Taiwan notes and orders their one-for-one exchange; establishes local payroll/accounting conversion and authorizes credits in Korean legal currency. This is a normative directive, not itself evidence of every implementation date. The published document includes later amendments elsewhere; no later amendment is indicated for §§32–35. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected English full-text financial sections and editorial dating/scope. The directive is for US-occupied Korea. It retains Chosen/A-yen at par, excludes BOJ/Taiwan notes and orders their one-for-one exchange; establishes local payroll/accounting conversion and authorizes credits in Korean legal currency. This is a normative directive, not itself evidence of every implementation date. The published document includes later amendments elsewhere; no later amendment is indicated for §§32–35.
S850	Korean Cultural History8: Bank of Chosen notes and American military currency National Institute of Korean History 조선은행권과 미국 군표: opening paragraph, Proclamation3 transcription, final paragraphs on Laws21,57,95	Review notes Inspected substantive chapter text after navigation, including reproduced Proclamation3 and implementation account. Existing Korean ordinary yen and A-yen settle public/private obligations at face value; Chosen law continued November1945. BOJ/Taiwan notes recalled beginning February21,1946; A-yen withdrawn July1,1946. These dates describe instruments, not creation of separate additional unit nodes. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected substantive chapter text after navigation, including reproduced Proclamation3 and implementation account. Existing Korean ordinary yen and A-yen settle public/private obligations at face value; Chosen law continued November1945. BOJ/Taiwan notes recalled beginning February21,1946; A-yen withdrawn July1,1946. These dates describe instruments, not creation of separate additional unit nodes.
S851	The Bank of Chosen Jieun Park (2017) PDF pp.3,20–21 (printed pp.2,19–20): currency identity, September1945 balance sheet, postwar emergency loans	Review notes Inspected PDF text pp.3,20–21. Yen was equal to Japanese yen and often treated as the same currency before1945. September1945 balance sheet records deposits and loans in yen; occupation authorities ordered emergency lending in yen. Author reports continued postwar banking and budget financing. Introductory date/name simplifications are not adopted as precise currency founding dates; balance-sheet and continuity evidence only. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected PDF text pp.3,20–21. Yen was equal to Japanese yen and often treated as the same currency before1945. September1945 balance sheet records deposits and loans in yen; occupation authorities ordered emergency lending in yen. Author reports continued postwar banking and budget financing. Introductory date/name simplifications are not adopted as precise currency founding dates; balance-sheet and continuity evidence only.
S852	Law of 14 December 1901, in FRUS 1902, document 824 Peruvian Republic; contemporary translation transmitted by Richard R. Neill Article 1; article 3; transitory article 3; promulgation	Review notes Full law translation and accompanying diplomatic letter inspected on the official US State Department history site. Article1 establishes the libra principal unit; article3 rates existing fractional soles; transitional article3 explicitly requires old sol obligations to be settled in pounds after two years. Coin fineness and British coin legal tender are context, not parents. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full law translation and accompanying diplomatic letter inspected on the official US State Department history site. Article1 establishes the libra principal unit; article3 rates existing fractional soles; transitional article3 explicitly requires old sol obligations to be settled in pounds after two years. Coin fineness and British coin legal tender are context, not parents.
S853	Historia del Banco Central y la Política Monetaria de Perú, tomo I (2022) Banco Central de Reserva del Perú Printed p15, discussion of 1863 unit, 1901 law and footnotes7–10	Review notes Complete relevant indexed p15 passage and footnotes read. The cited law defines the1863sol; subsequent1901 principal-unit adoption and fractional treatment are explicit. Full book was not independently re-read. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete relevant indexed p15 passage and footnotes read. The cited law defines the1863sol; subsequent1901 principal-unit adoption and fractional treatment are explicit. Full book was not independently re-read.
S854	In Town and Out of Town: A Social History of Huambo (Angola),1902–1961, SOAS PhD,2012 Maria da Conceição Neto Printed8, glossary, Angolar entry	Review notes Complete relevant indexed glossary sentence inspected; full PDF retrieval failed. Dates practical angolar use August1928–December1958 and says it then became escudo again. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete relevant indexed glossary sentence inspected; full PDF retrieval failed. Dates practical angolar use August1928–December1958 and says it then became escudo again.
S855	Decree27July1887, Système monétaire Congo Free State Printed118–122; article1	Review notes Downloaded official bulletin scan; extracted and read PDF114–117, including complete article1. Constitutes Congo franc account unit,100centimes; article2 separately specifies payment coins. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded official bulletin scan; extracted and read PDF114–117, including complete article1. Constitutes Congo franc account unit,100centimes; article2 separately specifies payment coins.
S856	Monnaie et convertibilité: trois expériences historiques, CERDI E2002.16, November2002 Romain Veyrune Printed10–11, Le compte d’opération	Review notes Author-uploaded full text read at printed10–11. Distinguishes local Algerian and French francs in Treasury transfers and records1878Algerian-franc balances. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-uploaded full text read at printed10–11. Distinguishes local Algerian and French francs in Treasury transfers and records1878Algerian-franc balances.
S857	Institution d’une banque en Algérie, July–August1851 French parliamentary proceedings in Journal des débats; transcription collected by Entreprises coloniales PDF1–8;24July exposition;5August proceedings arts1–7	Review notes Downloaded transcription read PDF1–8. Local bank in pre-existing franc finance: capital,state loan,notes,current accounts. Original newspaper scan not inspected. Does not precisely date separation from French franc. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded transcription read PDF1–8. Local bank in pre-existing franc finance: capital,state loan,notes,current accounts. Original newspaper scan not inspected. Does not precisely date separation from French franc.
S858	La moneda en Centroamérica: de la colonia a los Estados independientes, in50Aniversario (2014),207–223 F. Tomás Dueñas and Manuel B. Chacón; Consejo Monetario Centroamericano Printed214,216–218,220–223	Review notes Full224page PDF downloaded. ChapterIII title and printed214,216–223read. Explicitly states late-colonial monetary system formed basis of independent Central American systems, then individually traces Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. This is broader institutional continuity evidence, not an invented common parent solely from matching coin weights. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full224page PDF downloaded. ChapterIII title and printed214,216–223read. Explicitly states late-colonial monetary system formed basis of independent Central American systems, then individually traces Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. This is broader institutional continuity evidence, not an invented common parent solely from matching coin weights.
S859	Reseña Histórica de la Moneda Nacional Banco Central de Nicaragua Historical paragraphs2–5, lines90–93	Review notes Full official historical body inspected. Explicitly identifies pre-national-coin peso unit of account for legally rated foreign currency, preceding1878decimal coins and1879Treasury notes.1878must not be treated as birth of peso accounting. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official historical body inspected. Explicitly identifies pre-national-coin peso unit of account for legally rated foreign currency, preceding1878decimal coins and1879Treasury notes.1878must not be treated as birth of peso accounting.
S860	Historic Review of Guatemala Currency Banco de Guatemala Historical paragraphs on Spanish system, federation, Carrera peso; lines265–268	Review notes Full official body inspected. Describes Spanish structure, federation and later national peso; decimal and binary systems coexisted. Read jointly with CMCA's explicit inherited-system statement. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full official body inspected. Describes Spanish structure, federation and later national peso; decimal and binary systems coexisted. Read jointly with CMCA's explicit inherited-system statement.
S861	Numismática: Formación del Estado de Honduras, El Peso Museo Banco Atlántida El Peso paragraph, lines86–89; historical real sections	Review notes Full museum historical body inspected. Specifies1879Decree46changed principal unit from real to peso; describes earlier federal and local real sequence. Do not confuse this with a new note issuer. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full museum historical body inspected. Specifies1879Decree46changed principal unit from real to peso; describes earlier federal and local real sequence. Do not confuse this with a new note issuer.
S862	La adopción del sistema decimal francés Lorena Rosero M.; Museo de la Moneda, Banco Central del Ecuador 1884law and transition paragraphs, lines37–45; original legislative archive55.3.1	Review notes Full curator article inspected. Quotes1884legislation, states new sucre ended inherited Spanish-peso octal system. Relevant archive locator supplied. This supports ancestry; exact national peso boundary before1884is not separately established. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full curator article inspected. Quotes1884legislation, states new sucre ended inherited Spanish-peso octal system. Relevant archive locator supplied. This supports ancestry; exact national peso boundary before1884is not separately established.
S863	Memoria1929, issued1930 Banco de Reserva del Perú Printed6, paragraph beginning Por último, la ley N°.6746	Review notes Full relevant paragraph inspected through extended indexed extraction. It explicitly reports conversion of obligations10soles oro per old libra. Direct website and local download deliver access placeholder, not actual report; preserve that inspection limitation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant paragraph inspected through extended indexed extraction. It explicitly reports conversion of obligations10soles oro per old libra. Direct website and local download deliver access placeholder, not actual report; preserve that inspection limitation.
S864	The Birth of Central Banking,1955–1956, in The Republic of Vietnam1955–1975 (2019) Vũ Quốc Thúc Chapter2, printed pp26–29,33	Review notes Inspected chapter2 relevant full-text passages. Participant in1954 sovereignty conference and first central-bank governor describes division of common-currency balance sheet/debts, honoring existing withdrawal commitments, and replacement of colonial piastres by Vietnamese dong. Retrospective participant evidence, not scanned1954 treaty. Precise exchange ratio not taken from this source. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected chapter2 relevant full-text passages. Participant in1954 sovereignty conference and first central-bank governor describes division of common-currency balance sheet/debts, honoring existing withdrawal commitments, and replacement of colonial piastres by Vietnamese dong. Retrospective participant evidence, not scanned1954 treaty. Precise exchange ratio not taken from this source.
S865	Viet Nam economic report (1977) World Bank printed p45, paragraphs4.19–4.20 (PDFp65)	Review notes Inspected PDF text paragraphs4.19–4.20. September1975 southern conversion500piastres:1dong; subsequent north/south remained separate currencies and their interregional transactions were controlled. This supports southern rescaling continuation, not automatic1975union with northern unit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected PDF text paragraphs4.19–4.20. September1975 southern conversion500piastres:1dong; subsequent north/south remained separate currencies and their interregional transactions were controlled. This supports southern rescaling continuation, not automatic1975union with northern unit.
S866	晋冀鲁豫抗日根据地的货币战争, 党的文献; reproduced2022 Wang Mingqian 王明前确立边区本位币的斗争, subsections(一),(三); cites archival collection vol2 pp711,719	Review notes Inspected full-text sections(一),(三), including archival quotations. February1941 order requires all local trade in Jinan unit instead of fabi/silver; September1942 requires dealings and public receipts/payments in Jinan, and conversion of fabi before use. Collection volumes themselves not separately inspected. February1941 and September1942 are firm quoted policy anchors;1939 founding is not the date of demonstrated compulsory replacement. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected full-text sections(一),(三), including archival quotations. February1941 order requires all local trade in Jinan unit instead of fabi/silver; September1942 requires dealings and public receipts/payments in Jinan, and conversion of fabi before use. Collection volumes themselves not separately inspected. February1941 and September1942 are firm quoted policy anchors;1939 founding is not the date of demonstrated compulsory replacement.
S867	Gazetteer: Section2, Guangxin Company currency Heilongjiang provincial historical records office 哈大洋票 subsection; tax acceptance, multi-issuer local reckoning and1.25:1 redemption	Review notes Inspected full substantive section. Harbin national-currency notes accepted for three-province taxes; later Guangxin issue, regional circulation and1.25old:1Manchukuo exchange. Final paragraph chronology contains an apparent error: after1929 it says following year while naming Manchukuo. Do not adopt that date; use Mitter1932 reform and bounded1932–35 replacement. Museum note designs are not the identity basis. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected full substantive section. Harbin national-currency notes accepted for three-province taxes; later Guangxin issue, regional circulation and1.25old:1Manchukuo exchange. Final paragraph chronology contains an apparent error: after1929 it says following year while naming Manchukuo. Do not adopt that date; use Mitter1932 reform and bounded1932–35 replacement. Museum note designs are not the identity basis.
S868	The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China (2000) Rana Mitter printed pp59–61,121: yuan reserves, regional accounting systems,1932 consolidation	Review notes Inspected printed pp59–61 and121 in fulltext: regional dollar systems, YuanShikai silver backing, Harbin independent quoted value, new Manchukuo unit and fixed-rate replacement1932. Account/regional-unit evidence synthesized with fiscal Gazetteer. Does not resolve every provincial predecessor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected printed pp59–61 and121 in fulltext: regional dollar systems, YuanShikai silver backing, Harbin independent quoted value, new Manchukuo unit and fixed-rate replacement1932. Account/regional-unit evidence synthesized with fiscal Gazetteer. Does not resolve every provincial predecessor.
S869	A History of Modern Banks of Issue (1915) Charles A.Conant printed pp607–608 (PDFpp618–619)	Review notes Downloaded PDF and inspected text printed pp606–608 (PDF617–619). Mexican dollars legal tender under April10,1862 decree; failed franc introductions1864,1878; piastre adopted as unit, local fractions and1885piastre coinage; later1895coin changes. Not merely similar coin weight.1862dates predecessor local use, not creation of Indochinese identity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded PDF and inspected text printed pp606–608 (PDF617–619). Mexican dollars legal tender under April10,1862 decree; failed franc introductions1864,1878; piastre adopted as unit, local fractions and1885piastre coinage; later1895coin changes. Not merely similar coin weight.1862dates predecessor local use, not creation of Indochinese identity.
S870	Historical Dictionary of the Indochina War: Currency,French Indochina Christopher Goscha / UQAM first two paragraphs	Review notes Inspected first two paragraphs. Colonial common piastre develops with1885legal tender/1887union and Mexican-dollar parity;1895silver-content change. Parity alone insufficient; combined with Conant local unit adoption. UQAM wording governor-general1885 is not used to identify a specific office/decree author. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected first two paragraphs. Colonial common piastre develops with1885legal tender/1887union and Mexican-dollar parity;1895silver-content change. Parity alone insufficient; combined with Conant local unit adoption. UQAM wording governor-general1885 is not used to identify a specific office/decree author.
S871	Act XXXV of 1925 on the pengő standard Hungarian legislature §§1,17–24; promulgated 21 November1925, accounting effective 1 January1927	Review notes Full substantive Hungarian statute inspected. §1 replaces korona standard with pengő accounting unit. §17 mandatory accounts change on1 January1927 at12500:1. §§18–19 public and commercial books; §20 statutory amounts; §24 all obligations payable in korona discharged in pengő at that ratio. Gold-clause and treaty exceptions retained in §§25–26. No reliance on coin weights. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full substantive Hungarian statute inspected. §1 replaces korona standard with pengő accounting unit. §17 mandatory accounts change on1 January1927 at12500:1. §§18–19 public and commercial books; §20 statutory amounts; §24 all obligations payable in korona discharged in pengő at that ratio. Gold-clause and treaty exceptions retained in §§25–26. No reliance on coin weights.
S872	Prlić et al. trial transcript, 25 June2008 ICTY; witness Žarko Primorac pp29894–29895,29911–29913; exhibits1D01339 and1D01620	Review notes Substantive court testimony inspected. Former finance minister identifies July2 decree establishing dinar unit and August13 implementation decision. Article3 revalues preceding National Bank of Yugoslavia money10:1; judge asks whether1000 old dinars become100 Bosnian dinars, witness confirms. Witness confirms previous circulation was Yugoslav money. Territorial implementation incomplete during war; avoid nationwide exclusive-circulation assertion and avoid applying10:1 to every Yugoslav scale. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive court testimony inspected. Former finance minister identifies July2 decree establishing dinar unit and August13 implementation decision. Article3 revalues preceding National Bank of Yugoslavia money10:1; judge asks whether1000 old dinars become100 Bosnian dinars, witness confirms. Witness confirms previous circulation was Yugoslav money. Territorial implementation incomplete during war; avoid nationwide exclusive-circulation assertion and avoid applying10:1 to every Yugoslav scale.
S873	Law of20 November1919 on currency in the former Prussian district, item492 Polish legislature authenticated primary-law transcription, arts1–3,7	Review notes Primary-law text inspected in authenticated Wikisource transcription. Art1 Polish mark becomes sole legal tender replacing German mark; art2 all German-mark obligations paid nominally equal Polish marks; art3 bars further German-mark obligations. Art7 timing follows promulgation/control. Official ELI1919/492 and ELI1920/216 text endpoints failed, so no claim to have inspected them. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary-law text inspected in authenticated Wikisource transcription. Art1 Polish mark becomes sole legal tender replacing German mark; art2 all German-mark obligations paid nominally equal Polish marks; art3 bars further German-mark obligations. Art7 timing follows promulgation/control. Official ELI1919/492 and ELI1920/216 text endpoints failed, so no claim to have inspected them.
S874	Un arī latviešiem radās sava nauda (17 March2000) Kristīne Ducmane paragraphs beginning Beidzot1920.gada18.marta; Tikai sākot; Lai paātrinātu	Review notes Original numismatic historian narrative inspected in official gazette. March18 law establishes sole Latvian payment unit; October1920 enforcement noted; Treasury instructed to exchange tsar rubles at0.50 Latvian ruble per tsar ruble. Exact Treasury-order date not stated in passage: use1920 narrative year and mark date scope, not invented day. This is later replacement/absorption of circulating Russian money, not proof that1919 foundation arose from ruble ancestry. Initial1919 parity explicitly not enough alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original numismatic historian narrative inspected in official gazette. March18 law establishes sole Latvian payment unit; October1920 enforcement noted; Treasury instructed to exchange tsar rubles at0.50 Latvian ruble per tsar ruble. Exact Treasury-order date not stated in passage: use1920 narrative year and mark date scope, not invented day. This is later replacement/absorption of circulating Russian money, not proof that1919 foundation arose from ruble ancestry. Initial1919 parity explicitly not enough alone.
S875	Ajutise Walitsuse poolt2.mail1919.a.wastuwõetud määrus wäljamaa rahade asjus Estonian Provisional Government; transcription collected by Pekka Linnainen section Säännökset aikajärjestyksessä, item19, §§1–3,6; Riigi Teataja21 May1919	Review notes Substantive Estonian primary-law transcription inspected within research article. §3 contracts/goods offered only in Estonian marks and all claims denominated in marks fulfilled in same money. §6 amends occupation regulation by substituting Estonian marks for German and eastern marks. DIGAR original issue landing page opened (https://dea.digar.ee/cgi-bin/dea?a=d&d=AKriigiteataja19190521.2.6); issue PDF403, so original scan was NOT inspected. Source is transcription, not independent facsimile verification. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive Estonian primary-law transcription inspected within research article. §3 contracts/goods offered only in Estonian marks and all claims denominated in marks fulfilled in same money. §6 amends occupation regulation by substituting Estonian marks for German and eastern marks. DIGAR original issue landing page opened (https://dea.digar.ee/cgi-bin/dea?a=d&d=AKriigiteataja19190521.2.6); issue PDF403, so original scan was NOT inspected. Source is transcription, not independent facsimile verification.
S876	Verordnung über die Zahlungsmittel,15 September1918, no394 German military administration of the Baltic lands Verordnungsblatt für die baltischen Lande no35,11 October1918, pp367–368, §§1–5,11	Review notes Downloaded complete two-page scan and visually read German Fraktur §§1–5,11. §1 German money compulsory, Ost loan notes equivalent redeemable in Reichsmark; §2 contracts demanding only Mark or only Ost loan notes are void; §3 inter-vivos transactions and prices only in Markwährung. §§4–5 Russian-ruble claims converted into mark currency, with dates, claim classes and exceptions. This affirmatively establishes common unit despite different instruments, not merely parity. Scan p367/368 header and signature15 September1918 visible. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete two-page scan and visually read German Fraktur §§1–5,11. §1 German money compulsory, Ost loan notes equivalent redeemable in Reichsmark; §2 contracts demanding only Mark or only Ost loan notes are void; §3 inter-vivos transactions and prices only in Markwährung. §§4–5 Russian-ruble claims converted into mark currency, with dates, claim classes and exceptions. This affirmatively establishes common unit despite different instruments, not merely parity. Scan p367/368 header and signature15 September1918 visible.
S877	The Palestine Currency Board: Its History and Currency (EconSciences, 2025), Appendix C Palestine Currency Order 1927; reproduced by Howard M. Berlin Appendix C, printed pp. 84–87, PDF pp. 94–97; Order of 7 February 1927, sections 1, 4, 7, 9	Review notes Full PDF and substantive primary-law transcription inspected. Section 1 defines the Palestine pound and default monetary-contract standard. Section 4 permits payment of Egyptian-pound obligations in Palestine pounds at 1 Palestine pound = 0.975 Egyptian pound, covering obligations incurred before and within six months after commencement. Section 7 replaces references in existing Orders in Council. Section 9 excludes territory east of the Jordan/Dead Sea from this Order. This is a reproduced primary text, not inspection of an original gazette image. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF and substantive primary-law transcription inspected. Section 1 defines the Palestine pound and default monetary-contract standard. Section 4 permits payment of Egyptian-pound obligations in Palestine pounds at 1 Palestine pound = 0.975 Egyptian pound, covering obligations incurred before and within six months after commencement. Section 7 replaces references in existing Orders in Council. Section 9 excludes territory east of the Jordan/Dead Sea from this Order. This is a reproduced primary text, not inspection of an original gazette image.
S878	New Currency System in Israel, Federal Reserve Bulletin, December 1948 Government of Israel; English translations reproduced by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Printed pp. 1464–1469; Currency Ordinance 1948 sections 1–4; Bank Notes Ordinance 1948 sections 7 and 13	Review notes Full FRASER HTML inspected at reproduced laws. Currency Ordinance section 2 substitutes the Israel pound for past and future written, oral and implied Palestine-pound references, unless expressly excluded. Bank Notes Ordinance section 7 provides exchange for the same amount of Palestine pounds, while section 13 supplies commencement after midnight on 17 August 1948. Currency Ordinance section 4 permits old notes until 15 September. English translation reproduced contemporaneously, not the original Hebrew gazette. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full FRASER HTML inspected at reproduced laws. Currency Ordinance section 2 substitutes the Israel pound for past and future written, oral and implied Palestine-pound references, unless expressly excluded. Bank Notes Ordinance section 7 provides exchange for the same amount of Palestine pounds, while section 13 supplies commencement after midnight on 17 August 1948. Currency Ordinance section 4 permits old notes until 15 September. English translation reproduced contemporaneously, not the original Hebrew gazette.
S879	The Economy of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea: Recent Evolution and Prospects, Report AW-37a, 27 November 1972 Adhemar Byl; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development III. Money and Banking, printed p. 8 onward, paragraphs 24–30; exchange-rate table near front, PDF p. 1	Review notes Full primary mission report inspected. Despite URL filename saying Spanish, retrieved report is English. Paragraphs 24–25 explicitly identify the pre-1969 Spanish monetary area and Spanish peseta, followed by the national peseta and sole legal-tender issue. Paragraphs 27–30 and financial tables document deposits, credit and public accounts in the local peseta. Front exchange table gives equality with the Spanish peseta. These are actual monetary accounts, not only note names. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary mission report inspected. Despite URL filename saying Spanish, retrieved report is English. Paragraphs 24–25 explicitly identify the pre-1969 Spanish monetary area and Spanish peseta, followed by the national peseta and sole legal-tender issue. Paragraphs 27–30 and financial tables document deposits, credit and public accounts in the local peseta. Front exchange table gives equality with the Spanish peseta. These are actual monetary accounts, not only note names.
S880	The Bank of Central African States (BEAC): How the Regional Central Banks Have Evolved and What Does the Future Hold?, Lettre de la Recherche No. 15 Damian Ondo Mane Nchama; Bank of Central African States Article printed pp. 18–21; footnote 3, printed p. 19 / PDF p. 18	Review notes Full BEAC research newsletter inspected. Footnote 3 explicitly calls the 1975 change from peseta to ekwele a renaming and reports replacement by CFA francs in 1985 at one CFA franc to four bipkwele. Narrow renaming and conversion claims used. Other historical passages contain date errors; the source's January 1 narrative is not used to override an existing January 2 accession/introduction date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full BEAC research newsletter inspected. Footnote 3 explicitly calls the 1975 change from peseta to ekwele a renaming and reports replacement by CFA francs in 1985 at one CFA franc to four bipkwele. Narrow renaming and conversion claims used. Other historical passages contain date errors; the source's January 1 narrative is not used to override an existing January 2 accession/introduction date.
S881	The Albanian Gold Standard1912–1938, in Monetary Policy in Albania: From the Past to the Present, Bank of Albania conference26October2012 Aristotel Pano Printed pp49–53, especially pp49–51 on inherited gold-franc accounting and p53 on1923 law	Review notes Full relevant passages inspected. Financial data and monetary unit before1925 are gold francs. Government1921 exchange regulations and1923 municipal-note legislation denominating fines demonstrate local account use. Printed page numbers are PDF zero-based index plus1. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages inspected. Financial data and monetary unit before1925 are gold francs. Government1921 exchange regulations and1923 municipal-note legislation denominating fines demonstrate local account use. Printed page numbers are PDF zero-based index plus1.
S882	Albania, OeNB Workshops13/2008, pp410–411 Kelmend Rexha and Elsida Orhan, Banka e Shqipërisë Printed pp410–411	Review notes Entire three-page file read.1925 approval of gold franc as official unit and LMU metal content documented; no identified foreign account-balance predecessor or universal conversion law. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire three-page file read.1925 approval of gold franc as official unit and LMU metal content documented; no identified foreign account-balance predecessor or universal conversion law.
S883	Bulgaria: From1879to1947, South-Eastern European Monetary History Network historical database chapter Kalina Dimitrova and Martin Ivanov Chapter pp1–3, especially p1 and chronology p2	Review notes Full first three pages read.1880 monetary legislation creates lev legal tender; law also denominates specified government revenue in gold leva.1881 is first minting, not first legal unit. Article17 rates foreign coins rather than making all their currencies ancestors. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full first three pages read.1880 monetary legislation creates lev legal tender; law also denominates specified government revenue in gold leva.1881 is first minting, not first legal unit. Article17 rates foreign coins rather than making all their currencies ancestors.
S884	Claims Against Bulgaria,Hungary,and Rumania United States Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Printed pp234–235, Devaluation—Monetary reform: Bulgaria	Review notes PDF downloaded as bulgaria-claims.pdf, full relevant extracted pages read.1952 Decree405 converts cash100:1, specified salaries,taxes,debts and contractual obligations100:4; savings have category scales.1953 rules address private debts. No universal100:1ratio asserted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. PDF downloaded as bulgaria-claims.pdf, full relevant extracted pages read.1952 Decree405 converts cash100:1, specified salaries,taxes,debts and contractual obligations100:4; savings have category scales.1953 rules address private debts. No universal100:1ratio asserted.
S885	Constantina Georgeoff, ClaimBUL-2-006, DecisionBUL-2-14, proposed16December1970 United States Foreign Claims Settlement Commission pp2–4	Review notes Entire four-page decision read. Actual1919gold-lev insurance contract,1946gold-clause annulment and1952old/new-lev revaluation considered. Supports obligation continuity across changing legal valuation; does not prove all policies remained enforceable. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire four-page decision read. Actual1919gold-lev insurance contract,1946gold-clause annulment and1952old/new-lev revaluation considered. Supports obligation continuity across changing legal valuation; does not prove all policies remained enforceable.
S886	Une autre approche de l’histoire économique du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Institut Grand-Ducal, ActesXXVII,LivreIV,2024 Gérard Trausch Printed pp91–94, section5.5.1.2 Monnaie et Zollverein	Review notes PDF downloaded as lux-history.pdf; full relevant pages inspected.1848law changes public acts,budget,taxes from florin to franc effective1January1849 at47.25florin cents/franc. Author explicitly distinguishes Luxembourg franc debts from foreign settlement instruments; earlier Dutch/French/Belgian account regimes discussed. Original law facsimile not retrieved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. PDF downloaded as lux-history.pdf; full relevant pages inspected.1848law changes public acts,budget,taxes from florin to franc effective1January1849 at47.25florin cents/franc. Author explicitly distinguishes Luxembourg franc debts from foreign settlement instruments; earlier Dutch/French/Belgian account regimes discussed. Original law facsimile not retrieved.
S887	L’évolution du concept de Banque centrale au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, in Émergence d’une banque centrale au Luxembourg1998–2008, BCL2008 René Link Section1929: La loi de stabilisation du franc; earlier discussion of franc as unit of account	Review notes PDF downloaded as lux-bcl.pdf; relevant complete paragraphs read.19December1929law described as organic national-currency legislation preserving franc while stabilizing its value, not a newly named unit. French-franc reckoning persistence also discussed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. PDF downloaded as lux-bcl.pdf; relevant complete paragraphs read.19December1929law described as organic national-currency legislation preserving franc while stabilizing its value, not a newly named unit. French-franc reckoning persistence also discussed.
S888	Decree of 25 December 1945, effective 26 December, in Histoire de l’Union monétaire ouest-africaine, tome I, Des origines à 1958 French provisional government; reproduced by BCEAO Printed/PDF458, box3.7, article1; contextual account discussion pp457–459; 1950law p474 art1	Review notes Downloaded 556-page BCEAO volume; extracted/read pp456–460,472,474. Article1 lists territories including Madagascar and Somalis, calls their currencies a group. P457 discusses territorial denomination of existing debts. P474 reproduces1950law covering Madagascar and Comoros. No originalgazette visual inspection claimed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded 556-page BCEAO volume; extracted/read pp456–460,472,474. Article1 lists territories including Madagascar and Somalis, calls their currencies a group. P457 discusses territorial denomination of existing debts. P474 reproduces1950law covering Madagascar and Comoros. No originalgazette visual inspection claimed.
S889	Les monnaies à Madagascar, Cahiers de l’ISEA, série V no4 Louis Molet Printed42–43 / PDF36–37, 1925 banking change and 1945parity; printed41 / PDF35 on payments	Review notes Full PDF accessible; read targeted printed41–43. Molet expressly says1925banklaw did not alter total monetary union with France; localnotes replaced Frenchbanknotes by1928. He records1945differentiation of Malagasy/metropolitan franc values. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF accessible; read targeted printed41–43. Molet expressly says1925banklaw did not alter total monetary union with France; localnotes replaced Frenchbanknotes by1928. He records1945differentiation of Malagasy/metropolitan franc values.
S890	The CFA Franc System, IMF Staff Papers10(3),1963 International Monetary Fund Opening classification numbered1–6; Money and Banking/Central Banking; Institut d’Emission Malgache subsection; footnote on1July1963	Review notes Relevant full indexed passages inspected in search results, including six-item list and IEM transition paragraphs. Direct HTML/PDF retrieval blocked403. Six territorial legal-tender currencies explicitly distinguished, not inferred solely from issuers. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant full indexed passages inspected in search results, including six-item list and IEM transition paragraphs. Direct HTML/PDF retrieval blocked403. Six territorial legal-tender currencies explicitly distinguished, not inferred solely from issuers.
S891	Ordonnance73-025 du12juin1973 portant création de la Banque Centrale de la République Malgache Republic of Madagascar PDF16 arts31–33; PDF28 arts92–93; PDF29 promulgation	Review notes Read parsed29-page CNLégis transcription mirrored at Lexxika. Arts31–33 define francmalgache/100centimes, national parity authority and territorial tender. Arts92–93 retain transition arrangements and possible IEM regulatory continuity. This is not evidence of a new principal denomination in1973. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read parsed29-page CNLégis transcription mirrored at Lexxika. Arts31–33 define francmalgache/100centimes, national parity authority and territorial tender. Arts92–93 retain transition arrangements and possible IEM regulatory continuity. This is not evidence of a new principal denomination in1973.
S892	Report260,1959–1960, monetary cooperation agreements with Malagasy Republic French Senate Printed9/PDF8, IV.A.1	Review notes Read13-page Senate PDF, targeted printed9. Existing unit/parity/operations-account continuity preserved during planned national institution transition. Intention is not proof of a new unit in1960. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read13-page Senate PDF, targeted printed9. Existing unit/parity/operations-account continuity preserved during planned national institution transition. Intention is not proof of a new unit in1960.
S893	Falkland Islands Currency Ordinance 1987, consolidated 24 July 2025 Falkland Islands Currency Ordinance 1987 ss 1 commencement note,3,4,8,12,15; PDF pp 3–7	Review notes Full statute inspected. Local unit and obligations explicit. Commencement note limits nominal 1987 start: relevant coinage provisions postponed to 31 January 1990; do not infer 1899 unit boundary from note issue. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full statute inspected. Local unit and obligations explicit. Commencement note limits nominal 1987 start: relevant coinage provisions postponed to 31 January 1990; do not infer 1899 unit boundary from note issue.
S894	Reserve Bank of India Act 1934,s 28 A inserted 1959; primary legal text in mirror Reserve Bank of India Act 1934 s 28 A(1)–(7)	Review notes All seven subsections inspected. Authorizes special banknotes denominated in rupees for external circulation, changes legal-tender and redemption geography, does not create differently denominated unit. Official 1959 PDF retrieval failed; mirror is explicitly identified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. All seven subsections inspected. Authorizes special banknotes denominated in rupees for external circulation, changes legal-tender and redemption geography, does not create differently denominated unit. Official 1959 PDF retrieval failed; mirror is explicitly identified.
S895	民族金融的旗帜——中国银行在1912-1949 (12 March 2012) Bank of China / China Finance magazine 在辛亥革命中诞生; paragraph beginning 中国银行成立后; item 四是代销公债	Review notes Inspected institutional historical article, particularly its founding section. It reports a1912 military public loan of100million yuan sold through BOC. This is published institutional history, not inspection of surviving bond certificates or subscriptions ledger. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected institutional historical article, particularly its founding section. It reports a1912 military public loan of100million yuan sold through BOC. This is published institutional history, not inspection of surviving bond certificates or subscriptions ledger.
S896	National Currency Law and enforcement regulations, promulgated 7 February 1914; FRUS 1914 document63 Republic of China government; translation transmitted by Paul S. Reinsch Enclosure: Law art2; Regulations arts2,6,8,11	Review notes Read final promulgated text, not superseded draft. Articles6/8 regulate public receipts/expenditure and private deeds/contracts/debts. Article11 reserves regional enforcement dates to further orders; hence legal recognition only, not proof universal implementation in1914. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read final promulgated text, not superseded draft. Articles6/8 regulate public receipts/expenditure and private deeds/contracts/debts. Article11 reserves regional enforcement dates to further orders; hence legal recognition only, not proof universal implementation in1914.
S897	The Arithmetic of Life in Pre-modern Siam: Ranking and Monetary Value in the Penal System (2023) Chris Baker and Pasuk Phongpaichit Thai Legal Studies3(1), pp70–74, Table1 and note8; PDF2–6	Review notes Downloaded full15-page original research PDF and inspected text. Authors translate1805 compiled law; Table1 separates original prices from two modern baht-conversion columns. Used original baht entries, not modern conversion columns. P71 cautions dates of older legal strata are corrupted; proposed1573 origin date remains tentative. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded full15-page original research PDF and inspected text. Authors translate1805 compiled law; Table1 separates original prices from two modern baht-conversion columns. Used original baht entries, not modern conversion columns. P71 cautions dates of older legal strata are corrupted; proposed1573 origin date remains tentative.
S898	A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, volXIV (1929), Siam NoII Commercial Treaty1827 C. U. Aitchison, ed.; Government of India Printed113–115, art1 and ratification17January1827; PDF123–125; compare printed125/PDF135	Review notes Downloaded256-page official treaty collection PDF; inspected Siam commercial treaty, duties and ratification pages.1827 is ratification year;1856 agreement repeats old1700-tical measurement charge. No claim that treaty created tical. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded256-page official treaty collection PDF; inspected Siam commercial treaty, duties and ratification pages.1827 is ratification year;1856 agreement repeats old1700-tical measurement charge. No claim that treaty created tical.
S899	古文書 3金・銀・銭 3甲州・甲州金: collection catalogue Bank of Japan Currency Museum Entries3-3-B3-1/1,3-3-B3-2/1,3-3-B4-1/1	Review notes Read collection listing and opened1609 receipt item page; no transcription on item page. Receipt denomination not independently read from manuscript image. Catalogue alone insufficient for new exact ryo account observation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read collection listing and opened1609 receipt item page; no transcription on item page. Receipt denomination not independently read from manuscript image. Catalogue alone insufficient for new exact ryo account observation.
S900	Glimpses of Seventeenth Century Currency and Mensuration in Siam (1995) Lotika Varadarajan Journal of the Siam Society83, pp202–203	Review notes Downloaded and read article.1355 genealogy is broad metrology;1616 comparison of bat/chang with Indian pagodas is exchange-equivalence evidence. Neither supplies an independently dated obligation suitable for earlier baht account anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded and read article.1355 genealogy is broad metrology;1616 comparison of bat/chang with Indian pagodas is exchange-equivalence evidence. Neither supplies an independently dated obligation suitable for earlier baht account anchor.
S901	The Sudebnik (1497) Ivan III; translated by H. W. Dewey, Bucknell University Preamble; articles 3–6, 15–16, 28–30	Review notes Full primary-text translation inspected. Article 30 expressly distinguishes Moscow rubles; fees and amounts in litigation are account obligations, not coin weights. No original manuscript inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary-text translation inspected. Article 30 expressly distinguishes Moscow rubles; fees and amounts in litigation are account obligations, not coin weights. No original manuscript inspected.
S902	Peter the Great’s Monetary Reform and Money Supply in Russia in 1698–1711, HSE WP BRP 175/HUM/2019 Artem V. Efimov Printed pp 3–8 and 12; archival references RGADA f 396 op 3 and related funds; PSZ IV no 1855 p 168	Review notes Full original-research PDF inspected. Author identifies the 1530 s silver-ruble account system, existing by Peter’s reign, and distinguishes old/new money in surviving mint accounts. Primary archival documents themselves not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original-research PDF inspected. Author identifies the 1530 s silver-ruble account system, existing by Peter’s reign, and distinguishes old/new money in surviving mint accounts. Primary archival documents themselves not inspected.
S903	Первые леди — section 3, Женщина-реформатор Bank of Russia Museum Section 3, paragraphs on 1535 reform and ruble of 100 kopecks	Review notes Full relevant official museum text inspected; confirms the 1535–1538 standardization and account denomination. Institutional synthesis, not original decree. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant official museum text inspected; confirms the 1535–1538 standardization and account denomination. Institutional synthesis, not original decree.
S904	Manifesto of 1 July 1839, in Бумажно-денежное обращение на территории Беларуси в XVIII–XX веках Nicholas I; text quoted in A. N. Bayura Section 2.2, quoted manifesto clauses 1–6; subsequent 1843 conversion discussion	Review notes Inspected reproduced primary clauses in full body. Clause 1 expressly restores 1810 rule and preserves the existing silver-ruble value/subdivisions; clauses 2–6 regulate conversion and accounting. Host is a book mirror; original PSZ scan not inspected. Direct fox-notes transcription repeatedly timed out. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant body inspected in the preceding revision 28 pass. Reproduces 1839 existing silver-ruble/account clauses; reports 1843 exchange of deposit and silver-denominated credit notes at 1:1 while assignations convert 3.5:1. Original 1843 gazette scan not inspected; corroborates existingC 902/S 441.
S905	Русский рубль. Два века истории. XIX–XX вв (1994) Y. P. Bokarev, A. N. Bokhanov, V. L. Stepanov, Y. A. Petrov, L. A. Katykhova ChapterI, printed pp 14–18 and 49–51; notes citing State Council proceedings and monetary laws	Review notes Full OCR book and relevant original-research paragraphs inspected. Distinguishes paper-assignment and silver accounts, earlier market conversion, 1839 restoration of 1810 rule, and 1840 account practice. OCR mirror, not original archive inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full OCR book and relevant original-research paragraphs inspected. Distinguishes paper-assignment and silver accounts, earlier market conversion, 1839 restoration of 1810 rule, and 1840 account practice. OCR mirror, not original archive inspection.
S906	Rabbinical perspectives on money in seventeenth-century Ottoman Egypt, author manuscript 1 September 2009 Daniel A. Schiffman Sections 2, 7.3 and 7.4; printed pp 6–7, 15–20, 23–30; Darchei noam II(Yoreh deah)24; Ginat veradim IV(Hoshen mishpat)IV:1	Review notes Full author-hosted 50 page original research paper inspected. Provides translated contemporary debt rulings and an explicit medin account/coin distinction. Mordecai responsum dated 1673–1683 by author inference; Abraham 1691–1697 likewise inferred, not dates written on the responsa. The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full author-hosted 50 page original research paper inspected. Provides translated contemporary debt rulings and an explicit medin account/coin distinction. Mordecai responsum dated 1673–1683 by author inference; Abraham 1691–1697 likewise inferred, not dates written on the responsa. The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger. Full monetary-history section and debt-valuation discussion through the first seventeenth-century case inspected. Its later gold issue chronology describes coins, not proven account extinction.
S907	Currency transition: the use of foreign coins and dollarization in seventeenth-century Ottoman Istanbul, Financial History Review, 3 August 2026 Metin Coşgel, Ellen Nye and Emre Özer SectionsII–III, especially paragraphs on 120 akçe, court registers 1513–1710, akçe persistence and bookkeeping after 1690; DOI 10.1017/S 0968565026100171	Review notes Full original research article inspected. Uses 22, 234 currency observations; authors explicitly caution that individual records do not systematically separate means of payment from unit of account, and that generic kuruş is ambiguous. Do not turn every foreign coin occurrence into ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original research article inspected. Uses 22, 234 currency observations; authors explicitly caution that individual records do not systematically separate means of payment from unit of account, and that generic kuruş is ambiguous. Do not turn every foreign coin occurrence into ancestry. Full relevant sections II–III inspected. Authors explicitly caution that their dataset cannot systematically separate payment instruments from account units; no automatic identity promotion from aggregate coin frequencies.
S908	İspence, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (2001) Halil İnalcık Paragraphs 2–3 and 5; bibliography: Arvanid register edition 1954 ppXXXII–XXXIII; MehmedII kanunnamearticle 28	Review notes Full body inspected. Original editor/historian gives 1432 tax obligations of 25 akçe and 6 akçe, corroborates continuing amounts in later codes, and gives 1716/1727 rates. The underlying complete register edition was not newly inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full body inspected. Original editor/historian gives 1432 tax obligations of 25 akçe and 6 akçe, corroborates continuing amounts in later codes, and gives 1716/1727 rates. The underlying complete register edition was not newly inspected. Existing v28 complete original-historian article inspection retained.1432taxes and1716/1727akçe obligations remain useful separated facts.
S909	Act XVII of 1835: Gold and Silver Coinage Act Governor-General of India in Council 17 August 1835; sections III–VI; section I effective 1 September 1835	Review notes Read operative statute sections I–VIII in the full transcription. Sections III–VI govern engagements, unit equivalences and exceptional contract/public-debt payment stipulations. This is more than coin specifications. Official IndiaCode scan was located but not successfully retrieved; do not describe it as inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read operative statute sections I–VIII in the full transcription. Sections III–VI govern engagements, unit equivalences and exceptional contract/public-debt payment stipulations. This is more than coin specifications. Official IndiaCode scan was located but not successfully retrieved; do not describe it as inspected.
S910	Meer Mahomed Hossein v A. J. Forbes (1874) Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Judgment paragraphs 1–3, especially paragraph 2 statutory quotations and rent history	Review notes Read exposed judgment paragraphs1–3. Rent receipts and prior judicial findings are discussed. Mirror has date/fraction transcription discrepancies; omit disputed precision. Full remainder is not exposed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read exposed judgment paragraphs1–3. Rent receipts and prior judicial findings are discussed. Mirror has date/fraction transcription discrepancies; omit disputed precision. Full remainder is not exposed.
S911	DNA_0010_0117: royal administrative directives King Girvanayuddha; edited and translated by Ramhari Timalsina with Raju Rimal and Astrid Zotter Translation savalas 5, 21, 30; closing date 6 April 1806; note18	Review notes Read diplomatic transcription, English clauses and dating note. Savala5 imposes annual cash assessment;21 concerns fines;30 requires mortgage amounts. The word mohara elsewhere means royal deed, not automatically a coin. Modern-unit continuity is not stated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read diplomatic transcription, English clauses and dating note. Savala5 imposes annual cash assessment;21 concerns fines;30 requires mortgage amounts. The word mohara elsewhere means royal deed, not automatically a coin. Modern-unit continuity is not stated.
S912	Currency Regulations, A.D.1826, Regmi Research Series 19 Mahesh Chandra Regmi, translator/editor Printed p14, PDF page18; Magh Badi4,1882 / January1826; Regmi Research Collection34,p145	Review notes Downloaded full volume, extracted text, visually inspected printed p14. This is a compulsory exchange tariff between mohar rupees and two copper media, not evidence that each instrument needs a new unit node. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded full volume, extracted text, visually inspected printed p14. This is a compulsory exchange tariff between mohar rupees and two copper media, not evidence that each instrument needs a new unit node.
S913	Trade, Politics and Society (2017), chapter5: Multiple Currencies and their Complementary Relationship Sushil Chaudhury pp99–111, especially pp107–111; original scholarly essay reprinted in author collection	Review notes Read relevant chapter passage pp99–111. Distinguishes Calcutta bookkeeping current rupees from coins and documents the1794 accounting change. Earlier imperial discussion does not establish a particular later local obligation chain. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read relevant chapter passage pp99–111. Distinguishes Calcutta bookkeeping current rupees from coins and documents the1794 accounting change. Earlier imperial discussion does not establish a particular later local obligation chain. Relevant chapter in OCR mirror inspected; underlying Company records not independently examined.
S914	Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series: Hyderabad State (1909) Government of India; articles drafted by Mirza Mehdy Khan pp35–36,56–58,84 TableIII with denomination note; p86 TablesV–VI; preface identifies contributors	Review notes Downloaded and read archive OCR. Prices explicitly denominated per Hyderabad rupee in TableIII. Page36 says specially collected information, not a regular price series; earlier averages must retain this limitation. Currency paragraph describes coin production, not the unit's founding. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded and read archive OCR. Prices explicitly denominated per Hyderabad rupee in TableIII. Page36 says specially collected information, not a regular price series; earlier averages must retain this limitation. Currency paragraph describes coin production, not the unit's founding.
S915	Debasing Indigenous Statehood: Sovereign Monies, Markets and Imperial Power in the Indian Subcontinent, c.1893–1905 G. Balachandran Past & Present259(2023),117–154; sectionI, paragraph beginning Currency in this article; sectionII paragraph on Pratapgarh tribute; notes21,52	Review notes Read sectionsI–II and identified explicit rent-assessment and tribute denomination passages. Author's general currency definition is principal coin, so most coinage discussion alone cannot meet this project's ontology. The rent/tribute passages warrant separate targeted account-unit research. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read sectionsI–II and identified explicit rent-assessment and tribute denomination passages. Author's general currency definition is principal coin, so most coinage discussion alone cannot meet this project's ontology. The rent/tribute passages warrant separate targeted account-unit research.
S916	Autonomy vs. Stability: the Relationship between Internal and External Money in Bulgaria (1879–1912), BNB DP73/2009 Luca Fantacci Printed10–13; section2 Tariff; Figure1 reproduces State Gazette I no2,4August1879	Review notes Read PDF section2 pp10–13 in full.1879 tariff values foreign coins in French francs before lev existed;1880 law establishes lev first as account unit. Figure1 itself not visually transcribed; research interpretation read. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read PDF section2 pp10–13 in full.1879 tariff values foreign coins in French francs before lev existed;1880 law establishes lev first as account unit. Figure1 itself not visually transcribed; research interpretation read.
S917	140 years since creation of the Bulgarian lev,4June2020 Bulgarian National Bank Main body paragraphs1–2	Review notes Read official Bulgarian body. From promulgation all government and municipal institutions and private persons had to accept leva/stotinki and issue monetary transaction documents in those denominations. Original facsimile not separately inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read official Bulgarian body. From promulgation all government and municipal institutions and private persons had to accept leva/stotinki and issue monetary transaction documents in those denominations. Original facsimile not separately inspected.
S918	The Albanian Government’s Efforts to Secure a Financial Advisor to Albania from the League of Nations (1921–1922), Istraživanja33(2022),118–135 Sali Kadria Printed119/PDF2; paragraphs1,4; notes3,9–10	Review notes Read full printed119 and footnotes.25June1921 revenue decree explicitly reported; author cites Shkoza1935pp213–214 and Duka1997p80. Those underlying books not independently read. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read full printed119 and footnotes.25June1921 revenue decree explicitly reported; author cites Shkoza1935pp213–214 and Duka1997p80. Those underlying books not independently read.
S919	The Economic and Financial Situation of Albania,1922 Albert Calmés / League of Nations Printed20–22; VI Currency and VIII Public Finances, Debts	Review notes Read publicly exposed transcription, printed20–22. Existing de facto gold franc, unimplemented1922lek proposal, and1920franc loan with tax-settlement bonds inspected. Page images not inspected; source is hosted transcription of primary report. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read publicly exposed transcription, printed20–22. Existing de facto gold franc, unimplemented1922lek proposal, and1920franc loan with tax-settlement bonds inspected. Page images not inspected; source is hosted transcription of primary report.
S920	Albania: from1920to1944, SEEMHN2014 Arta Pisha, Besa Vorpsi, Neraida Hoxhaj Printed355–357/PDF1–3; opening; section1.1; note4	Review notes Read printed355–357. Public accounts use goldfranc before nationalbank.1913legal-tender sentence conflicts with chronology describing1925firstlegal tender; do not adopt1913implementation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read printed355–357. Public accounts use goldfranc before nationalbank.1913legal-tender sentence conflicts with chronology describing1925firstlegal tender; do not adopt1913implementation.
S921	Taxation in the Congo Free State, an exceptional case? (1885–1908), Economic History of Developing Regions32(2),2017,97–126 Bas De Roo Printed100–102/PDF4–6; budgets discussion and1886ivory receipts; table1printed125	Review notes Read printed100–104 and table1. Author discovered original1886budget in HubertDroogmans archives and cites205000francs expected ivory receipts. No Belgian-versus-local currency distinction for that pre1887budget. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read printed100–104 and table1. Author discovered original1886budget in HubertDroogmans archives and cites205000francs expected ivory receipts. No Belgian-versus-local currency distinction for that pre1887budget.
S922	Investissement et développement humain dans l’Algérie coloniale(1830–1962), Université Paris13 doctoral thesis,14December2017 Sofiane Saidi Printed89–90,95–96/PDF90–91,96–97	Review notes Web PDF open failed, but downloaded entire PDF and inspected text printed89–90,94–98 with PyMuPDF.1845 fiscal charges in francs and1846–49budget precede1851bank.1831acceptance and1851withdrawal concern payment media; not universal debt conversion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Web PDF open failed, but downloaded entire PDF and inspected text printed89–90,94–98 with PyMuPDF.1845 fiscal charges in francs and1846–49budget precede1851bank.1831acceptance and1851withdrawal concern payment media; not universal debt conversion.
S923	S 1482: Abba and Heregyth, 833–839 Electronic Sawyer, University of Cambridge Catalogue date and MSS/comments; Text (a), burial-payment clauses; Text (b), final clause; translation	Review notes Full Old English transcription, English translation and authenticity catalogue read. Original contemporary ninth-century single sheet; main will and endorsement written in separate stages, catalogue reports possibly little interval. Final endorsement says pund pendinga. No manuscript image inspected; no 240-penny ratio is specified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Old English transcription, English translation and authenticity catalogue read. Original contemporary ninth-century single sheet; main will and endorsement written in separate stages, catalogue reports possibly little interval. Final endorsement says pund pendinga. No manuscript image inspected; no 240-penny ratio is specified.
S924	S 1507: Will of King Alfred, 873–888 Electronic Sawyer, University of Cambridge Catalogue MSS/comments; Text, Second Part, cash bequests following the land bequests	Review notes Catalogue and full transcribed monetary clauses read. Survives in an early-eleventh-century copy and later copies; catalogue records scholarly authenticity acceptance and a view that the document was revised. Not represented as an extant ninth-century original. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Catalogue and full transcribed monetary clauses read. Survives in an early-eleventh-century copy and later copies; catalogue records scholarly authenticity acceptance and a view that the document was revised. Not represented as an extant ninth-century original.
S925	Between the Dollar-Sterling Gold Points (1996), chapter 4, British monetary standard Lawrence H. Officer pp.34–46; accessible opening subsection Unit of account, paragraphs 1–3	Review notes Publisher's accessible opening subsection inspected, not full paywalled chapter. Establishes Anglo-Saxon origin of continuing British account system. Its speculative Penda etymology is not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher's accessible opening subsection inspected, not full paywalled chapter. Establishes Anglo-Saxon origin of continuing British account system. Its speculative Penda etymology is not used.
S926	Act of April 2, 1792, chapter XVI, establishing a mint and regulating the coins United States Congress; Statutes at Large, FRASER 1 Stat.246–251, section 9 pp.248–249 and section 20 pp.250–251	Review notes FRASER full-text statutory reproduction inspected. Section9's Spanish-dollar wording and section20 accounts requirement verified. US Mint's current HTML omits words in section9, so use FRASER for that clause. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. FRASER full-text statutory reproduction inspected. Section9's Spanish-dollar wording and section20 accounts requirement verified. US Mint's current HTML omits words in section9, so use FRASER for that clause.
S927	Uma análise crítica da literatura sobre a oferta e a circulação de moeda metálica no Brasil nos séculos XVI e XVII, Estudos Econômicos 35(1),169–201 (2005) Fernando Carlos G. de Cerqueira Lima pp.171–177 monetary account framework; p.178 note15; pp.187–188 colonial liabilities and 1692 payroll report	Review notes Complete 33-page PDF downloaded and relevant printed pages inspected locally, including pp.171–178 and187–190. Not merely abstract. Original scholarship distinguishes units of account from coins and analyses debt effects. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete 33-page PDF downloaded and relevant printed pages inspected locally, including pp.171–178 and187–190. Not merely abstract. Original scholarship distinguishes units of account from coins and analyses debt effects.
S928	A Lei de cunhagem de 4 de agosto de 1688 e a emissão de moeda provincial no Brasil (1695–1702), Revista de Economia Contemporânea 9(2), 2005 Fernando Carlos Greenhalgh de Cerqueira Lima Section 1.3, 1643 local devaluation; section 3, governor's representation July4,1692; section4.1, 1694 legislation	Review notes Full article HTML inspected in sections1.3,3,4.1. Local coin ratings alone are insufficient; used with evidence of inherited accounting and local liabilities. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full article HTML inspected in sections1.3,3,4.1. Local coin ratings alone are insufficient; used with evidence of inherited accounting and local liabilities.
S929	Um conto de réis: a proclamação da moeda do império português em Malaca, RBEMF IE-UFRJ3(1),2025 Fernando Carlos G. de C. Lima Conclusion, pp.10–12, especially last paragraph pp.11–12 on transplantation to Brazil	Review notes Complete13-page PDF downloaded; conclusion pp.10–12 inspected. Uses explicit transfer of Portuguese monetary/payment system to Brazil. Do not adopt broad unsupported claim that all indigenous populations lacked money. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete13-page PDF downloaded; conclusion pp.10–12 inspected. Uses explicit transfer of Portuguese monetary/payment system to Brazil. Do not adopt broad unsupported claim that all indigenous populations lacked money.
S930	Da libra ao real: sobre a formação do sistema monetário português (1185–1580), Revista de História178 (2019), DOI10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2019.141351 Pedro Puntoni Sections O desmoronamento da libra and A criação do real; paragraph on April11,1401 law with note38 (Aragão1875,I,353–354,doc14); replacement paragraphs and notes49–51; March13,1473 obligations adjustment paragraph	Review notes Full relevant article sections and documentary footnotes inspected. Reports no known formal ordinance specifically replacing libra with real; distinguishes practical state-account replacement from coin issue. Underlying Aragão scan not separately inspected. Source-derived assertions below are deliberately bounded. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant article sections and documentary footnotes inspected. Reports no known formal ordinance specifically replacing libra with real; distinguishes practical state-account replacement from coin issue. Underlying Aragão scan not separately inspected. Source-derived assertions below are deliberately bounded. Reinspected full relevant opening, transition discussion and documentary footnotes. Existing source identifier retained. Roman-French characterization is a broad systems description, not proof of Roman monetary identity survival.
S931	Law of26 June1864 Spanish legislature Gaceta180,28 June1864,p1,arts1,2,6	Review notes Primary gazette substantive text inspected:escudo unit in art1;art6 public accounting in escudos/reales;art2 peseta was then0.40-escudo coin denomination. Do not backdate independent peseta identity from that coin. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary gazette substantive text inspected:escudo unit in art1;art6 public accounting in escudos/reales;art2 peseta was then0.40-escudo coin denomination. Do not backdate independent peseta identity from that coin. Official law re-opened; prior full article inspection preserved. Article1establishes principal escudo; article6orders public accounting. Jointly with the bill, this establishes actual public-account replacement, not merely metal similarity.
S932	Monetary decree19 October1868 Spanish Provisional Government Gaceta20 October1868,reproduced pp1–2,art1	Review notes Primary decree inspected:art1 declares peseta monetary unit. Preamble LMU standard reference is not French-currency ancestry. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary decree inspected:art1 declares peseta monetary unit. Preamble LMU standard reference is not French-currency ancestry.
S933	Decree23 March1869 Spanish Ministry of Finance Gaceta85,26 March1869,p1,arts1–6	Review notes Primary gazette text inspected including operative payment/account clauses. Art1 ordinary payments4 reales or400 millesimas escudo per peseta;art2 preserves specified-metal contract adjustments;art3 books use pesetas from1 July1870 even for old-unit documents. OCR private-transaction year corrupt;omit it pending image transcription. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary gazette text inspected including operative payment/account clauses. Art1 ordinary payments4 reales or400 millesimas escudo per peseta;art2 preserves specified-metal contract adjustments;art3 books use pesetas from1 July1870 even for old-unit documents. OCR private-transaction year corrupt;omit it pending image transcription.
S934	Law24 August1862,no788 Italian legislature Gazzetta209,3 September1862,p1,arts11–13	Review notes Primary gazette text inspected:art11 public contracts,acts,accounts in Italian lire;private writings from1 January1863. Arts12–13 exchange old nondecimal coins;this alone does not identify each previous account-unit parent. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary gazette text inspected:art11 public contracts,acts,accounts in Italian lire;private writings from1 January1863. Arts12–13 exchange old nondecimal coins;this alone does not identify each previous account-unit parent.
S935	Monete e zecche negli Stati Sabaudi dal1816 al1860,1956; reprinted1998 Giuseppe Felloni pp317–319,Monete di conto; footnotes1–7	Review notes Original research substantive pp317–319 inspected. It expressly studies account units,old/new conversion and Genoese contract settlement,not just mint issues. Earlier history outside these pages not asserted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research substantive pp317–319 inspected. It expressly studies account units,old/new conversion and Genoese contract settlement,not just mint issues. Earlier history outside these pages not asserted.
S936	Monetary unification chronology Banca d’Italia 1861 entry,Decree17 July1861,no123	Review notes Official bank1861 entry inspected:Piemonte lira renamed Italian lira with territorial extension. Supports single continuity profile,not separate1861 issuer node. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official bank1861 entry inspected:Piemonte lira renamed Italian lira with territorial extension. Supports single continuity profile,not separate1861 issuer node.
S937	Banking in Russia,Austro-Hungary,the Netherlands,and Japan (1911),The Austro-Hungarian Bank United States National Monetary Commission printed pp57–59,66–67,81–82	Review notes Contemporary commission monograph inspected.1816 government bonds have interest in convention florins.1820 paper redemption250:100 distinguishes Vienna paper from convention money.1858 reform100:105 and legal tender for obligations in Austrian standard recorded. No automatic identification of paper and silver units. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Contemporary commission monograph inspected.1816 government bonds have interest in convention florins.1820 paper redemption250:100 distinguishes Vienna paper from convention money.1858 reform100:105 and legal tender for obligations in Austrian standard recorded. No automatic identification of paper and silver units.
S938	Cour royale d’Amiens and Tribunal civil de L’Argentière reports,30 September1829 Gazette des Tribunaux p1,law6 May1799(17 floréalVII)arts3–4 and court application	Review notes Contemporary judicial reporting inspected,including reproduced statutory arts3–4. Old obligations remain measured in livres unless new franc expressly stipulated;settlement conversion and actual judgment apply different unit values. Not a claim of blanket1:1 conversion or instant1795 cessation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Contemporary judicial reporting inspected,including reproduced statutory arts3–4. Old obligations remain measured in livres unless new franc expressly stipulated;settlement conversion and actual judgment apply different unit values. Not a claim of blanket1:1 conversion or instant1795 cessation.
S939	Decree of 4 February 1919 on monetary signs of 1, 2 and 3 rubles Council of People's Commissars, RSFSR Sections 1–4; Sobranie uzakonenii 1919, article 102, pp 151–152; publication Izvestiia VTsIK no 27, 6 February 1919	Review notes Full primary decree transcription inspected. Section 2 requires equal treatment with existing state credit notes in Treasury and private payments; section 4 puts both instruments together on People's Bank balance sheets. Original printed gazette image not inspected; the transcription identifies its printed edition and original publication. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full primary decree transcription inspected. Section 2 requires equal treatment with existing state credit notes in Treasury and private payments; section 4 puts both instruments together on People's Bank balance sheets. Original printed gazette image not inspected; the transcription identifies its printed edition and original publication.
S940	Decree of 3 November 1921 on currency signs of the 1922 model Council of People's Commissars, RSFSR Sections 2 and 4; Sobranie uzakonenii 1921 no 77, article 643	Review notes Entire primary decree transcription inspected. Section 2 includes credit notes and settlement signs of ALL previous issues, plus obligations circulating as their equivalents; section 4 provides compulsory acceptance at the stated ratio. Tehnorma is an unofficial reproduction, which it explicitly states. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire primary decree transcription inspected. Section 2 includes credit notes and settlement signs of ALL previous issues, plus obligations circulating as their equivalents; section 4 provides compulsory acceptance at the stated ratio. Tehnorma is an unofficial reproduction, which it explicitly states.
S941	Resolution of 6 April 1922 introducing accounting in 1922 rubles People's Commissariat of Finance, RSFSR Sections 1–7; effective 1 May 1922	Review notes Entire seven-section primary resolution inspected. It explicitly converts all balance-sheet accounts, prescribes future bookkeeping, preserves prices/tariffs/obligations through rescaling, construes existing contracts in the old scale, requires new contracts in the new scale, and preserves acceptance of old notes. This is account succession, not merely banknote redemption. Unofficial reproduction. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire seven-section primary resolution inspected. It explicitly converts all balance-sheet accounts, prescribes future bookkeeping, preserves prices/tariffs/obligations through rescaling, construes existing contracts in the old scale, requires new contracts in the new scale, and preserves acceptance of old notes. This is account succession, not merely banknote redemption. Unofficial reproduction.
S942	S 1412: Beonna lease to Cuthbert, 786–796 Electronic Sawyer, University of Cambridge Catalogue date, MSS, comments including Kelly pp.202–205	Review notes Complete catalogue inspected. Twelfth/thirteenth-century witnesses; scholars cited there accept authenticity. Kelly edition itself was not opened. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete catalogue inspected. Twelfth/thirteenth-century witnesses; scholars cited there accept authenticity. Kelly edition itself was not opened.
S943	S 1412 Latin transcription King’s College London, Anglo-Saxon Charters Latin dispositive and consideration clauses, followed by Offa/Ecgfrith subscriptions	Review notes Complete Latin transcription inspected. Numerical consideration, annual render, heirs’ continuing obligations and royal subscriptions read; no manuscript image examined. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete Latin transcription inspected. Numerical consideration, annual render, heirs’ continuing obligations and royal subscriptions read; no manuscript image examined.
S944	Medieval European Coinage, volume 8: Britain and Ireland c.400–1066 (Cambridge, 2017) Rory Naismith Appendix 2, pp.360–365, particularly pp.363–364 and table23; glossary pp.386–387	Review notes Full original scholarly discussion in Appendix2 pp.360–370 and relevant glossary entries inspected through full-book HTML mirror. Referenced editions of Byrhtferth, Exodus, Pseudo-Ecgberht and Liber Eliensis were not independently inspected. This is an inspected original synthesis, not a claim to have inspected all its manuscripts. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original scholarly discussion in Appendix2 pp.360–370 and relevant glossary entries inspected through full-book HTML mirror. Referenced editions of Byrhtferth, Exodus, Pseudo-Ecgberht and Liber Eliensis were not independently inspected. This is an inspected original synthesis, not a claim to have inspected all its manuscripts.
S945	Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms 757–865 (Cambridge, 2012) Rory Naismith pp.175–178, Offa/Charlemagne reform comparison; pp.264–267 account units	Review notes Full relevant passages read in full-book HTML mirror, including reform sequence and monetary terminology. Not an abstract-only inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages read in full-book HTML mirror, including reform sequence and monetary terminology. Not an abstract-only inspection.
S946	S 208: Burgred grant to Alhhun, 857 Electronic Sawyer, University of Cambridge Catalogue date, consideration and annual-rent clauses, authenticity comments	Review notes Complete catalogue and transcribed monetary clauses inspected. Early-eleventh-century copy; authenticity disputed, although some scholarship accepts a genuine basis. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete catalogue and transcribed monetary clauses inspected. Early-eleventh-century copy; authenticity disputed, although some scholarship accepts a genuine basis.
S947	Registrum epistolarum, Book III, Letter 33, To Dynamius Gregory the Great; translated James Barmby (1895) Revenue acknowledgement paragraph (400 Gallican solidi)	Review notes Read entire letter in historical English translation. It acknowledges church revenues received through Hilarus, specified in Gallican solidi. No rate to an imperial solidus or successor silver unit appears. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read entire letter in historical English translation. It acknowledges church revenues received through Hilarus, specified in Gallican solidi. No rate to an imperial solidus or successor silver unit appears.
S948	Why Did the Mission to the Anglo-Saxons Stall in 596: Anxiety, Politics or Money? Journal of Ecclesiastical History 76(3), 513–535 Mark Laynesmith (2025) Section The Gallic papal estates and the funding of the English mission; paragraph beginning The income itself; notes 77–79	Review notes Read substantive estate-revenue discussion and notes. Dates Gregory III.33 to April 593; distinguishes Gallic from Roman coin value. Annual-rent interpretation is explicitly probabilistic. Only the date is needed for the proposed observation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read substantive estate-revenue discussion and notes. Dates Gregory III.33 to April 593; distinguishes Gallic from Roman coin value. Annual-rent interpretation is explicitly probabilistic. Only the date is needed for the proposed observation.
S949	Marculf II.26, Schuldschein über Darlehen mit Zinsvereinbarung (beta critical edition) Marculf; Formulae–Litterae–Chartae editorial project, Universität Hamburg II.26, regest and complete Latin formula; apparatus and witnesses Ko2, P3, P12, P16a	Review notes Inspected Latin formula, regest and variants. Principal and repayment obligation are expressed in solidi, annual interest as one triens for each solidus; default doubles interest. Model document, with placeholder persons and amount, not an individually dated executed loan. Manuscript facsimiles were not inspected. Paraphrase only. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected Latin formula, regest and variants. Principal and repayment obligation are expressed in solidi, annual interest as one triens for each solidus; default doubles interest. Model document, with placeholder persons and amount, not an individually dated executed loan. Manuscript facsimiles were not inspected. Paraphrase only.
S950	Zur Datierung der Formelbücher des Marculf Horst Lößlein (24 May 2022) Paragraphs 2–5 and note 2	Review notes Read editor’s complete dating argument. Earliest possible collection compilation 589, secure reception from the 720s. Proposed 650s compilation is expressly hypothetical; individual formula date cannot be inferred from collection-wide bounds. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read editor’s complete dating argument. Earliest possible collection compilation 589, secure reception from the 720s. Proposed 650s compilation is expressly hypothetical; individual formula date cannot be inferred from collection-wide bounds.
S951	Money and its Use in Medieval Europe, Cambridge University Press Peter Spufford (1988) Printed pp.33–35, especially p.34 paragraphs 1–2 and notes 1–3; OCR mirror	Review notes Inspected OCR of printed pp.33–35. Explicit account-continuity argument, rather than merely similar metal weights. Alamannic clause is mediated through Jesse, not an independently checked critical edition. Its redaction chronology remains unverified here; no precise early-eighth-century statutory date is asserted. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected OCR of printed pp.33–35. Explicit account-continuity argument, rather than merely similar metal weights. Alamannic clause is mediated through Jesse, not an independently checked critical edition. Its redaction chronology remains unverified here; no precise early-eighth-century statutory date is asserted. Relevant book passages inspected in an OCR mirror; possible OCR errors; not original document collation.
S952	日本古代の銭貨出挙についての覚書 / Notes on Cash Loans in Ancient Japan (2004) Yoshitaka Mikami Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History113, pp169–180; especially171,174,178	Review notes Downloaded complete12-page scholarly article. Read transcriptions/discussion pp170–178; visually checked p174 wooden register. Original documents not independently inspected. Early loans are firm; extension to medieval mon remains an explicit grouping inference, not established by shared character alone. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete12-page scholarly article. Read transcriptions/discussion pp170–178; visually checked p174 wooden register. Original documents not independently inspected. Early loans are firm; extension to medieval mon remains an explicit grouping inference, not established by shared character alone.
S953	Tang Debate on the Twice-a-Year Tax Yang Yan / Lu Zhi; translated in de Bary and Bloom, Sources of Chinese Tradition Full8-page teaching edition; Lu Zhi memorial pp6–8; assessment in strings p7	Review notes Read substantive translated memorials in full8-page edition. Later historical transmission and modern translation, not original manuscript. Lu Zhi explicitly describes property assessments converted into strings. Date bounded by780 reform and805 author death; no invented exact memorial year. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read substantive translated memorials in full8-page edition. Later historical transmission and modern translation, not original manuscript. Lu Zhi explicitly describes property assessments converted into strings. Date bounded by780 reform and805 author death; no invented exact memorial year.
S954	Determining the Value of Textiles in the Tang Dynasty (2013) Angela Sheng JRAS23(2),175–195; especially pp183–184,189	Review notes Inspected full-text monetary discussion pp183–184 and prices/receipt p189, plus introduction/conclusion.731–732 Beiting document may reckon silver coins; excluded from generic copper-cash profile.780 textile/rice price report admitted only as reported prices, not universal exchange rates. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected full-text monetary discussion pp183–184 and prices/receipt p189, plus introduction/conclusion.731–732 Beiting document may reckon silver coins; excluded from generic copper-cash profile.780 textile/rice price report admitted only as reported prices, not universal exchange rates.
S955	Literary Debts in Tang China: On the Exchange of Money, Merit, and Meter (2023) Thomas J. Mazanec Monumenta Serica71(1),21–41; monetary section pp23–26	Review notes Downloaded full22-page original article; inspected monetary section pp23–26. Distinguishes qian/guan money from metaphorical poetry/merit debts. No poetry-debt node; no precise year manufactured from author lifetimes. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded full22-page original article; inspected monetary section pp23–26. Distinguishes qian/guan money from metaphorical poetry/merit debts. No poetry-debt node; no precise year manufactured from author lifetimes.
S956	고려 / Goryeo,17March2018 Bank of Korea Our currency / Goryeo: substantive historical paragraphs	Review notes Read official historical overview.996 first iron issue and1002 permission for both iron/cloth are circulation policies. No pre1000 quantified account obligation established by this page. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read official historical overview.996 first iron issue and1002 permission for both iron/cloth are circulation policies. No pre1000 quantified account obligation established by this page.
S957	Fiscal documents from the Muslim conquest of Egypt: military supplies and administrative dislocation, ca 639–644 (2013) Frank R. Trombley Revue des études byzantines 71, pp.5–38; Document V, SB 9578, p.29; Document XI, SB 9753, pp.35–36	Review notes Original scholarly article. Opening pages inspected directly; full translated sections for Documents V and XI inspected in the search-indexed article extraction. Individual page URLs for pp.29/35 returned errors. No papyrus image re-reading. Retain explicit local requisition scope. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original scholarly article. Opening pages inspected directly; full translated sections for Documents V and XI inspected in the search-indexed article extraction. Individual page URLs for pp.29/35 returned errors. No papyrus image re-reading. Retain explicit local requisition scope.
S958	Excavations at Nessana, Volume III: Non-Literary Papyri (1958) Casper J. Kraemer Jr., editor; Florence E. Day, Arabic texts P.Ness. III 46, pp.136–138, especially repayment clause; P.Ness. III 56, pp.156–160, Arabic and Greek translations	Review notes Primary editions and English translations inspected in an OCR mirror, including P.Ness.46 and both languages of P.Ness.56. Original papyrus images were not inspected. OCR Greek is defective in places; monetary assertions use the readable translations and independent scholarly collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary editions and English translations inspected in an OCR mirror, including P.Ness.46 and both languages of P.Ness.56. Original papyrus images were not inspected. OCR Greek is defective in places; monetary assertions use the readable translations and independent scholarly collation.
S959	A preliminary prosopography of moneylenders in early Islamic Egypt and South Palestine (2010) Arietta Papaconstantinou Travaux et Mémoires 16, pp.631–648; p.635, Nessana entries for al-Aswad and George son of Patrikios	Review notes Author-uploaded full-text research inspected, especially pp.634–635. Dates carrying question marks remain uncertain. Family continuity supports local practice but does not prove the survival of a particular pre-conquest debt. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-uploaded full-text research inspected, especially pp.634–635. Dates carrying question marks remain uncertain. Family continuity supports local practice but does not prove the survival of a particular pre-conquest debt.
S960	Monetary reform under the Sufyanids: the papyrological evidence (2021) Mehdy Shaddel BSOAS 84(2), pp.263–293; sections Qaḍāʾ al-muʾminīn revisited and Dinars of the believers, especially discussion of P.Vindob. A1119, AH57	Review notes Original research full-text sections inspected. The AH57 debt attestation is distinct from the speculative identification of its required coin issue. Catalogue number is A1119 in this article, not A11191 used in some web summaries. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original research full-text sections inspected. The AH57 debt attestation is distinct from the speculative identification of its required coin issue. Catalogue number is A1119 in this article, not A11191 used in some web summaries.
S961	Berk.154 recto, IEDC1062 Thomas Benfey, Invisible East Digital Corpus, adapting Dieter Weber Transcription and translation lines1–13; Dates; Weber2013 pp.176–177 and Benfey2024 pp.411–414	Review notes Complete edited transcription, translation and date fields inspected. Year 31 is interpreted in the post-Yazdgerd era, 682/683. This dating convention is explicit. Several administrative words remain uncertain, but the numerical drahm/stēr valuation is legible in the edition. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete edited transcription, translation and date fields inspected. Year 31 is interpreted in the post-Yazdgerd era, 682/683. This dating convention is explicit. Several administrative words remain uncertain, but the numerical drahm/stēr valuation is legible in the edition.
S962	Berk.34 recto, IEDC1036 Thomas Benfey, Invisible East Digital Corpus, adapting Dieter Weber Transcription and translation lines3–9; Dates; Weber2013 pp.178–179 and Benfey2024 pp.404–408	Review notes Complete edited transcription and translation inspected. Year 29 is rendered 680/681 using the stated era. Uncertain fiscal terminology is not promoted to a precise poll-tax or religion-wide tax rule. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete edited transcription and translation inspected. Year 29 is rendered 680/681 using the stated era. Uncertain fiscal terminology is not promoted to a precise poll-tax or religion-wide tax rule.
S963	Berk.67 recto, IEDC1024 Thomas Benfey, Invisible East Digital Corpus, adapting Dieter Weber Transcription and translation lines1–4; Dates; Weber2013 pp.174–176 and Benfey2024 pp.398–404	Review notes Complete edition inspected. The denomination after 20 is explicitly uncertain. Catalogue displays contradictory numerical dates (0697–0698) beside 667–668; the transcription, translation and Benfey discussion consistently support year 16 = 667/668. Keep the monetary observation qualified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete edition inspected. The denomination after 20 is explicitly uncertain. Catalogue displays contradictory numerical dates (0697–0698) beside 667–668; the transcription, translation and Benfey discussion consistently support year 16 = 667/668. Keep the monetary observation qualified.
S964	Middle Persian documents and the making of the Islamic fiscal system: problems and prospects Thomas Benfey BSOAS87, pp.395–420 (volume dated2024; online11Feb2025); Introduction and section Berk.154: evidence for persistence of Khusrō I’s misāḥa system?	Review notes Full relevant original research and four document discussions inspected. The author cautions against projecting later Islamic institutions backward and against presuming that linguistic continuity proves institutional continuity. His proposed link to Khusrō I’s assessment system is not treated as a demonstrated currency succession. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant original research and four document discussions inspected. The author cautions against projecting later Islamic institutions backward and against presuming that linguistic continuity proves institutional continuity. His proposed link to Khusrō I’s assessment system is not treated as a demonstrated currency succession.
S965	P.Lips. I13, TM/HGV22332 Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis der griechischen Papyrusurkunden Ägyptens Catalogue date and document-type fields; comparison with Leipzig P.Lips.Inv.112 catalogue	Review notes Only indexed catalogue metadata retrieved: loan acknowledgement, Hermopolis,22Oct364. Direct catalogue, Leipzig edition PDF landing page, and papyri.info record failed. A2025 article’s indexed transcription instead labels it366. Held pending inspection of correction apparatus; not admitted as a new date anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Only indexed catalogue metadata retrieved: loan acknowledgement, Hermopolis,22Oct364. Direct catalogue, Leipzig edition PDF landing page, and papyri.info record failed. A2025 article’s indexed transcription instead labels it366. Held pending inspection of correction apparatus; not admitted as a new date anchor.
S966	Tab.Lond.Bloomberg WT44, edition, translation and commentary R. S. O. Tomlin / Roman Inscriptions of Britain Tablet lines 1–8; commentary 1–3 and 4–5; Tomlin 2016 WT44; 2018 no. 2.14	Review notes Full edition, translation, dating and debt-formula commentary inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full edition, translation, dating and debt-formula commentary inspected.
S967	Receipts for sitônion, syntaxis, and epistatikon from Karanis: Evidence for Fiscal Reform in Augustan Egypt? ZPE 191 (2014), 207–230 Andrew Monson pp. 208–212, especially nn. 10, 15, 29–33; BGU XIV 2376; O.Mich. IV 1114	Review notes Full relevant pp. 208–212 inspected in author-uploaded article, including notes. Greek OCR is imperfect; monetary interpretation follows the original scholar. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant pp. 208–212 inspected in author-uploaded article, including notes. Greek OCR is imperfect; monetary interpretation follows the original scholar.
S968	PSI IX 1074, BML inv. 18848 PSIonline scholarly papyrus database Fields Data, Contenuto, Note; correction in ZPE 26 (1977), 274 = BL VII 239	Review notes Complete catalogue record inspected; catalogue corroborates dating and document genre, not the amount. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete catalogue record inspected; catalogue corroborates dating and document genre, not the amount.
S969	Soldiers, Wages, and the Hellenistic Economies (2024), Epigraphic Dossier no. 7 Charlotte Van Regenmortel Printed pp. 210–213; I.Sardis VII.1 no. 1, col. I lines 1–10; col. II lines 1–19; Greek and translation	Review notes Full dossier no. 7 Greek text and translation inspected. The translation has a minor gold-obol discrepancy; that amount is excluded. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full dossier no. 7 Greek text and translation inspected. The translation has a minor gold-obol discrepancy; that amount is excluded.
S970	The Temple of Artemis at Sardis (2020), chapter 3: History and Development of the Temple Fikret Yegül / Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Subsection The Mnesimachos Inscription; notes 60–63	Review notes Full Mnesimachos discussion and dating alternatives inspected. Original mortgage and later wall copy must be distinguished. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Mnesimachos discussion and dating alternatives inspected. Original mortgage and later wall copy must be distinguished.
S971	The Inscriptions in the Caves at Nasik, Epigraphia Indica VIII; inscription12, plateV Émile Senart Inscription12, lines1–4 and translation; website page24	Review notes Read entire exposed inscription12 transliteration and translation. Principal, interest and monk allowance all explicit. Primary inscription via scholarly edition transcription; image not inspected. Text itself says year42, not CE120. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read entire exposed inscription12 transliteration and translation. Principal, interest and monk allowance all explicit. Primary inscription via scholarly edition transcription; image not inspected. Text itself says year42, not CE120.
S972	Corporate Life in Ancient India,1922 Ramesh Chandra Majumdar Printed34; Nasik year42=120CE	Review notes Indexed PDF passage printed34 inspected: year42 explicitly equated to120AD. Full PDF open failed and download did not complete promptly. Use only as tentative absolute dating; account evidence independently read in Senart. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Indexed PDF passage printed34 inspected: year42 explicitly equated to120AD. Full PDF open failed and download did not complete promptly. Use only as tentative absolute dating; account evidence independently read in Senart.
S973	MVN1,240, Umma silver account of Ur-Dumuzida, CDLI P113273 Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative; Giovanni Pettinato and Hartmut Waetzoldt, original edition1974 Obverse i5–12, ii1–7; reverse i7–9 and ii1–6; chronology Amar-Suen8,month12	Review notes Read CDLI transliteration with English translation, metadata and regnal date. Source editorial arithmetic contains evident typos; assertions use clear commodity valuations and silver totals, not disputed deficit arithmetic. No independent cuneiform reading. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read CDLI transliteration with English translation, metadata and regnal date. Source editorial arithmetic contains evident typos; assertions use clear commodity valuations and silver totals, not disputed deficit arithmetic. No independent cuneiform reading.
S974	MVN8,179, Girsu institutional account, CDLI P115569 Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative Reverse v8–14; chronology Šulgi45–48, us2year	Review notes Read transliteration rev.v8–14 and metadata; interpretation checked against Cripps exact translated passage. Date spans Šulgi45–48 in catalog, not a single precise CE/BCE date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read transliteration rev.v8–14 and metadata; interpretation checked against Cripps exact translated passage. Date spans Šulgi45–48 in catalog, not a single precise CE/BCE date.
S975	The Structure of Prices in the Neo-Sumerian Economy(I): Barley:Silver Price Ratios, CDLJ2017:2 Eric L. Cripps Sections7.1–7.2.1.1,9.4–9.8; Table1; appendix	Review notes Read account typology, specific MVN8,179 translated example and conclusion distinguishing barley accounts from silver accounts. Broad money theory remains debated; narrow bookkeeping facts suffice. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read account typology, specific MVN8,179 translated example and conclusion distinguishing barley accounts from silver accounts. Broad money theory remains debated; narrow bookkeeping facts suffice.
S976	A troublesome affair in Kiev? (2022) Melonie Schmierer-Lee, Cambridge University Library Entire research-unit article; T-S12.122 discussion	Review notes Read complete manuscript-curator discussion and reproduced debt narrative. Digital facsimile endpoint returned403; no independent palaeographic assessment. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read complete manuscript-curator discussion and reproduced debt narrative. Digital facsimile endpoint returned403; no independent palaeographic assessment.
S977	On the Kievan Letter from the Genizah of Cairo, Ruthenica10 (2011),7–56 Constantin Zuckerman pp19–23,30–31,42–44	Review notes Read monetary interpretation and dating discussion, including criticism of equating treaty silver pounds with later grivnas. Original scholarship, not an inspected original chronicle manuscript. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read monetary interpretation and dating discussion, including criticism of equating treaty silver pounds with later grivnas. Original scholarship, not an inspected original chronicle manuscript.
S978	The Pasha’s Peasants: Land, Society, and Economy in Lower Egypt,1740–1858 (Cambridge1992) Kenneth M. Cuno Appendix2 Currency, printed pp.211–215; Appendix3 pp.216ff identifies examined al-Mansura court registers	Review notes Full Appendix2 and Appendix3 opening inspected in complete-book HTML mirror. Original researcher expressly identifies account denomination in documents and government usage, not only coin metrology. Underlying Cairo/al-Mansura registers were not independently opened. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full Appendix2 and Appendix3 opening inspected in complete-book HTML mirror. Original researcher expressly identifies account denomination in documents and government usage, not only coin metrology. Underlying Cairo/al-Mansura registers were not independently opened.
S979	Kuruş, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi26,458–459 Şevket Pamuk (2002) Paragraphs beginning Bütün dünyada; Böylece1Osmanlı; Başarısız kalan; 100kuruş=1lira.	Review notes Entire article body freshly inspected. Pamuk explicitly calls akçe and para fractions of the new kuruş and reports retained100kuruş/lira unit inRepublic. These are accounting-structure statements, not solely metal weights. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Entire article body freshly inspected. Pamuk explicitly calls akçe and para fractions of the new kuruş and reports retained100kuruş/lira unit inRepublic. These are accounting-structure statements, not solely metal weights.
S980	Before Banks: Credit, Society, and Law in Sixteenth-Century Palestine and Syria, UCSB PhD dissertation, March 2018 Munther H. Alsabagh Printed pp. 195–198, 312–315; PDF pages 207–210, 324–327 (zero-based); court records D-1-38-2, J-67-64-2, J-Sij 67-176-1	Review notes Full relevant passages and translated court account inspected, including archival locators, dating, notes 439, 441 and 654, and interpretation on p. 315. Original doctoral archival research; not a coin catalogue. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant passages and translated court account inspected, including archival locators, dating, notes 439, 441 and 654, and interpretation on p. 315. Original doctoral archival research; not a coin catalogue.
S981	Coins of the Cairo Geniza: 14. Sulṭānī, 16th-Century CE Matthew Dudley / Princeton University Library Opening discussion; edited Hebrew account lines 1–3; note 1 cites Pamuk 2000, 60–61	Review notes Complete entry and three-line Hebrew edition/translation inspected. The receipt lists different coin types and is undated; insufficient alone for an independent gold-account identity or exact founding date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete entry and three-line Hebrew edition/translation inspected. The receipt lists different coin types and is undated; insufficient alone for an independent gold-account identity or exact founding date.
S982	Pre-Modern European Economy: One Thousand Years (10th–19th Centuries), Brill 2009 Paolo Malanima / Google Books catalogue Title, author and bibliographic information only; ISBN 9789004178229	Review notes Complete bibliographic landing page inspected. Supplied Google Books ID belongs to Malanima, not Pamuk. No unavailable body passage is claimed inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete bibliographic landing page inspected. Supplied Google Books ID belongs to Malanima, not Pamuk. No unavailable body passage is claimed inspected.
S983	The Introduction of a Limping Gold Standard in the Principality of Serbia, Balcanica XXXVIII(2007),91–104 Dragana Gnjatović pp92,94–95,101–102; §§1.2,3.1–3.2; DOI10.2298/BALC0738091G	Review notes Full author-uploaded text read at cited sections. Publisher metadata confirmed at https://balcanica.rs/index.php/journal/article/view/382 . Underlying nineteenth-century enactments cited by author were not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full author-uploaded text read at cited sections. Publisher metadata confirmed at https://balcanica.rs/index.php/journal/article/view/382 . Underlying nineteenth-century enactments cited by author were not independently inspected.
S984	Murad I. Tesisleri ve Bursa İmareti Vakfiyesi, Türkiyat Mecmuası10 (1951–53) M. Tayyib Gökbilgin pp219–222; especially1400 dated supplement p222; PDF4–7	Review notes Downloaded17-page edition with facsimiles. Read scholarly discussion pp217–222; visually checked p222. Specific wages belong to1400 supplement, NOT1385 foundation. Arabic facsimile not independently transcribed. Edition identifies near-contemporary1400 copy of1385 deed, with added endowment terms. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded17-page edition with facsimiles. Read scholarly discussion pp217–222; visually checked p222. Specific wages belong to1400 supplement, NOT1385 foundation. Arabic facsimile not independently transcribed. Edition identifies near-contemporary1400 copy of1385 deed, with added endowment terms.
S985	Sultan II. Murad’ın Bursa Vakfiyesi (2022) Fatma Gül Altun pp583–586,598n70,602–603,612; dated1430 deed, Arabic/Turkish copies compared	Review notes Downloaded41-page original study. Inspected dating/provenance, salary comparison and transcription. Arabic original inaccessible to author; two archival copies compared; Turkish translation1907. Notes an actual student-stipend mistranslation, so avoid aggregate or disputed amount as exact1430 fact. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded41-page original study. Inspected dating/provenance, salary comparison and transcription. Arabic original inaccessible to author; two archival copies compared; Turkish translation1907. Notes an actual student-stipend mistranslation, so avoid aggregate or disputed amount as exact1430 fact.
S986	Orhan Gazi’nin, Vefat Eden Oğlu Süleyman Paşa İçin Tertip Ettirdiği Vakfiyenin Aslı (1963) İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı Belleten27(107),437–451; concluding description of1360 deed	Review notes Read full substantive Turkish discussion and concluding analysis of1360 Arabic deed. Land/usufruct and fractional produce assignments; no quantified akce obligation established in the inspected description. Arabic images not independently translated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read full substantive Turkish discussion and concluding analysis of1360 Arabic deed. Land/usufruct and fractional produce assignments; no quantified akce obligation established in the inspected description. Arabic images not independently translated.
S987	Dirhem (1994) Halil Sahillioğlu Final monetary-history paragraphs, Ottoman Arabic legal usage	Review notes Read final paragraphs explaining Ottoman Arabic deeds use dirhem for current silver money. Terminology is not proof of inherited Islamic dirham account identity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read final paragraphs explaining Ottoman Arabic deeds use dirhem for current silver money. Terminology is not proof of inherited Islamic dirham account identity.
S988	Analogias e discordâncias das numárias medievais de Leão-Castela e Portugal, Nvmisma78–83(1966),23–34 Damião Peres Printed pp.24–26; PDFpages26–28	Review notes Downloaded complete journal PDF into scratch peres31.pdf; inspected full relevant printed pp.24–27, including1090/1091contracts and explicit traditional soldo/dinheiro reckoning preceding libra. OCR contains errors; no use made of ambiguous later contract-year OCR1004/1094. Original researcher’s documentary interpretation, underlying1090/1091manuscripts not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded complete journal PDF into scratch peres31.pdf; inspected full relevant printed pp.24–27, including1090/1091contracts and explicit traditional soldo/dinheiro reckoning preceding libra. OCR contains errors; no use made of ambiguous later contract-year OCR1004/1094. Original researcher’s documentary interpretation, underlying1090/1091manuscripts not inspected.
S989	Sistemas Legais de Medidas de Peso e Capacidade, do Condado Portucalense ao Século XVI, Portvgalia24(2003),113–164 Luís Seabra Lopes Sections3.1–3.2, printed pp.122–123, primary quotations from Leges pp.743–744 and192	Review notes Full institutional52-page article accessible; sections3.1–3.2 and primary Latin quotation/context inspected. Article is about weights, but quoted price-law amounts are unambiguously monetary rather than wax weights. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full institutional52-page article accessible; sections3.1–3.2 and primary Latin quotation/context inspected. Article is about weights, but quoted price-law amounts are unambiguously monetary rather than wax weights.
S990	Os Pelourinhos da Lusitânia(1820–1974), documentary appendix, Document1 Coimbra municipal ordinance1145; reproduced by António Amaro Rosa from Alexandre Herculano’s1867edition Appendix printed p.26, Document1:1145Posturas municipais de Coimbra; source PMH,Leges et consuetudines(1867),pp.743–744	Review notes Complete Document1 transcription excerpt inspected in university-hosted thesis appendix, including date, royal consent, iron-price schedule and five-soldo penalties. Thesis deliberately abbreviates the ordinance; not a claim to have inspected entire medieval text or manuscript. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Complete Document1 transcription excerpt inspected in university-hosted thesis appendix, including date, royal consent, iron-price schedule and five-soldo penalties. Thesis deliberately abbreviates the ordinance; not a claim to have inspected entire medieval text or manuscript.
S991	A Casa da Moeda em Datas, chronology Imprensa Nacional–Casa da Moeda Entries1253,1254,1261	Review notes Institutional chronology entries inspected. Corroborative monetary-history source, not underlying law edition. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Institutional chronology entries inspected. Corroborative monetary-history source, not underlying law edition.
S992	Cien años de moneda en Castilla(1172–1268). El siglo del maravedí de oro, Espacio Tiempo y FormaIII31(2018),483–519 Gonzalo Oliva Manso pp487–488 and notes10–13; p498 notes61–62	Review notes Full PDF downloaded and substantive pp486–488,497–498 read with notes. Quotes primary fuero and Toledo document editions; underlying manuscripts not inspected. Rejects a purported1134Castilian anchor as actually French. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original article PDF mirror inspected, including treaty debts and distinction between gold and billon obligations. Same article already in research31-castile.json; deduplicate source on integration.
S993	It Touches All: Coinage and Monetary Policy in León-Castile to1230, FordhamPhD1996 James J.Todesca Printed pp46–54; PDF59–67, especially p49note61 and p52note68	Review notes Full relevant chapter passages and primary citation notes inspected through web PDF. Original scholar quotes charters. Coin-origin hypotheses are distinct from proven valuations. Local download403; web fulltext accessible. No manuscript inspection. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant chapter passages and primary citation notes inspected through web PDF. Original scholar quotes charters. Coin-origin hypotheses are distinct from proven valuations. Local download403; web fulltext accessible. No manuscript inspection. Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Printed pp. 49–55 inspected through full PDF. Proposed Frankish circulation is conditional; charter terms and coin discoveries do not by themselves establish a particular account succession.
S994	Subida de la vida en el reino astur-leonés tras el cambio monetario del sueldo de oro al sueldo de plata: ¿Mito o realidad?, Medievalismo25(2015),357–368 Pablo Núñez Meneses pp358–364; p359note14; p364notes39–44	Review notes Downloaded full12page article; read substantive discussion and dated diplomatic examples. Author disputes assumed coin circulation and fixed livestock equivalence, and describes geographically staggered account changes. No fixed universal conversion inferred. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded full12page article; read substantive discussion and dated diplomatic examples. Author disputes assumed coin circulation and fixed livestock equivalence, and describes geographically staggered account changes. No fixed universal conversion inferred.
S995	Exposition and monetary bill submitted to Cortes,10May1864 Spanish Ministry of Finance, Pedro Salaverría Gaceta139,18May1864,p1: paragraph beginning Esta innovación and preceding100reales/10escudos passage	Review notes Primary ministerial exposition freshly inspected. Explicitly identifies existing principal real and proposed substitute escudo/halfduro of10reales. This is legislative rationale, not enacted provision; read together with June law. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Primary ministerial exposition freshly inspected. Explicitly identifies existing principal real and proposed substitute escudo/halfduro of10reales. This is legislative rationale, not enacted provision; read together with June law.
S996	Numismatic thesaurus: Real de vellón Spanish Ministry of Culture Definition: account currency34maravedís; eighteenth-century1/20peso relation	Review notes Substantive official definition retrieved in indexed result. It distinguishes realdevellón from realdeplata; full cited underlying monographs not inspected. Use as identity warning, not an exact founding date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Substantive official definition retrieved in indexed result. It distinguishes realdevellón from realdeplata; full cited underlying monographs not inspected. Use as identity warning, not an exact founding date.
S997	Breve informe del establecimiento del escudo como unidad monetaria en Puerto Rico(1865), Documenta&Instrumenta23(2025),177–192 Ángel Osvaldo Navarro Zayas pp184–186,188–189: transcription RoyalOrder8March1865 and official account-adoption instructions; AHNULTRAMAR1133Exp48	Review notes Full relevant documentary transcription inspected. Mandates escudo-only public accounts from1July1865 independently of deferred minting/circulation questions. Island coin-equivalence tables not transcribed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant documentary transcription inspected. Mandates escudo-only public accounts from1July1865 independently of deferred minting/circulation questions. Island coin-equivalence tables not transcribed.
S998	La moneda circulante en los reinos de la Corona de Aragón en el sigloXVIII tras la Guerra deSucesión, Emblemata22(2016),303–333 Pedro Damián Cano Borrego Printedpp304,307; PDFindices289,292: account-unit discussion and equivalence table	Review notes Fresh fulltext inspection of title, account-unit paragraph and comparison table. Realdevellón is34maravedís, distinguished from silverreal. This is original scholarly account analysis with legalreferences, not isolated coinmetadata. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Fresh fulltext inspection of title, account-unit paragraph and comparison table. Realdevellón is34maravedís, distinguished from silverreal. This is original scholarly account analysis with legalreferences, not isolated coinmetadata.
S999	Currency Change in Pre-millennial Catalonia: Coinage, Counts and Economics (2009) Jonathan Jarrett pp219,226–230; Table1, Barcelona cathedral charters; PDF3,10–14	Review notes Downloaded27-page article; inspected scholarly charter analysis pp218–233, including reproduced amounts in Tables1–2. Exact short passage p219: ‘the Carolingians also brought their units of account’. The continuation describes subsequent prices in solidi and solidos de dinarios. No precise adoption/separation year is supplied. Original manuscripts not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded27-page article; inspected scholarly charter analysis pp218–233, including reproduced amounts in Tables1–2. Exact short passage p219: ‘the Carolingians also brought their units of account’. The continuation describes subsequent prices in solidi and solidos de dinarios. No precise adoption/separation year is supplied. Original manuscripts not inspected.
S1000	Els primers llibres de la Taula de Canvi de Barcelona, Volum II (2016), Textos i Documents60 Gaspar Feliu i Montfort, editor pp669–672,684; PDF6–9,21; edited1404 ledger	Review notes Downloaded677-page volume II. Read title/imprint and selected edited accounts pp669–672,674,684,694,714,764,864. This is a primary ledger edition; manuscript images and editorial introduction in volume I were not inspected. Evidence used here is confined to1404 entries. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Downloaded677-page volume II. Read title/imprint and selected edited accounts pp669–672,674,684,694,714,764,864. This is a primary ledger edition; manuscript images and editorial introduction in volume I were not inspected. Evidence used here is confined to1404 entries.
S1001	Sentència23-11-1912, Parets and others versus Carreras and Hospital de Santa Cruz Tribunal Supremo; transcription hosted by Societat Catalana d’Estudis Jurídics, Institut d’Estudis Catalans First judgment, Resultando clauses:1835 deed,1876 compromise,31July1878 confirmation; web lines18–42,54–62	Review notes Read first judgment’s contract-history passages. Court reproduces deeds and registry entries; originals not independently inspected. Online transcription has numerical/date errors: avoid the inconsistent299-libra redemption total and anomalous1817 authorization date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read first judgment’s contract-history passages. Court reproduces deeds and registry entries; originals not independently inspected. Online transcription has numerical/date errors: avoid the inconsistent299-libra redemption total and anomalous1817 authorization date.
S1002	La moneda carolingia en la Marca Hispánica: XXVII Seminario de Historia Monetaria de la Corona de Aragón Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya Programme historical introduction, paragraph beginning La conquista carolingia; account system surviving in Principality into nineteenth century	Review notes Read museum seminar historical introduction, not its lectures. It explicitly describes a Carolingian account system for valuing goods surviving in the Principality into the nineteenth century; corroboration of broad continuity, not proof of every intermediate stage. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read museum seminar historical introduction, not its lectures. It explicitly describes a Carolingian account system for valuing goods surviving in the Principality into the nineteenth century; corroboration of broad continuity, not proof of every intermediate stage.
S1003	Jews in the Notarial Culture: Latinate Wills in Mediterranean Spain, 1250–1350 (1996) Robert I. Burns, S.J. Introduction, money discussion; chapter 4, Palma de Mallorca; appendix documents Egea 1 December 1263 and Montpellier 5 November 1272	Review notes Full digital scholarly edition read, including dated document transcriptions and author commentary. Manuscript images not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full digital scholarly edition read, including dated document transcriptions and author commentary. Manuscript images not inspected.
S1004	Un análisis formal sobre los Llibres del Compte, de Reebudes i de Dades de la Procuración Real del Reino de Mallorca (1310–30), De Computis 7 (2007) Maria Llompart Bibiloni pp.108–112,115; AHRM RP3038, 1318, transcriptions from Sastre Moll 1986 vol.II	Review notes Full author-uploaded article text read; account transcriptions and explicit distinction between Barcelona and Mallorca money at p.115 inspected. Underlying manuscripts and Sastre edition not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full author-uploaded article text read; account transcriptions and explicit distinction between Barcelona and Mallorca money at p.115 inspected. Underlying manuscripts and Sastre edition not independently inspected.
S1005	La moneda de los Reinos de Valencia y Mallorca, Numisma 147–149 (1977),123–148 Felipe Mateu y Llopis pp.129–131,141–143; PDF page numbering matches printed pages	Review notes Publisher PDF downloaded to scratch and relevant pages extracted with PyMuPDF. Do not adopt author sovereignty-based ontology. Numerical subdivision errors in p.130 OCR are not used. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher PDF downloaded to scratch and relevant pages extracted with PyMuPDF. Do not adopt author sovereignty-based ontology. Numerical subdivision errors in p.130 OCR are not used.
S1006	Llave aritmética y algebraica (Barcelona: Francisco Suriá y Burgada,1790) Manuel Poy y Comes pp.241–242,283,290; original edition metadata https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/llave-aritmetica-y-algebraica--0/	Review notes Full relevant primary commercial-manual sections read. Edition date and author checked against host bibliographic record. Conversion ratios are evidence of contemporary distinction, not succession. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant primary commercial-manual sections read. Edition date and author checked against host bibliographic record. Conversion ratios are evidence of contemporary distinction, not succession.
S1007	El dirham arbaʿīnī, duḫl, qurṭubī, andalusī: su valor, Acta Numismàtica 16 (1986), 113–126 Pedro Chalmeta Printed pp118–119, section2.2–2.3, notes19–26; pp120–124 interpretation	Review notes Full original article retrieved; substantive sections1–3 inspected. Its translated documentary excerpts are separable from disputed metrological reconstruction. Underlying Arabic manuscripts were not separately inspected. The 864 papyrus discussed on p115 is Egyptian, not an Andalusian anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original article retrieved; substantive sections1–3 inspected. Its translated documentary excerpts are separable from disputed metrological reconstruction. Underlying Arabic manuscripts were not separately inspected. The 864 papyrus discussed on p115 is Egyptian, not an Andalusian anchor.
S1008	Una fetua del siglo XIV sobre un pleito sucedido en Algeciras, Almoraima20 (1998),9–16 Alejandro García Sanjuán Printed pp13–15, translated legal case; al-Wanšarīsī, al-Miʿyār IX,261–265	Review notes PDF retrieved and translated legal-case pages visually inspected. The document's contested family transaction still explicitly states purchase-price and rental obligations. No manuscript inspection claimed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. PDF retrieved and translated legal-case pages visually inspected. The document's contested family transaction still explicitly states purchase-price and rental obligations. No manuscript inspection claimed.
S1009	Sobre el sistema monetario nazarí y su reforma en tiempos de Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (1464–1485), Al-Qanṭara46(1),823 (2025), DOI10.3989/alqantara.2025.823 Miguel Jiménez Puertas Full author-uploaded text, printed pp2–4 section2; pp11–12 section3.2.2 notes82–88. Official metadata https://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/823	Review notes Full original text inspected through author-uploaded copy after official PDF retrieval failed. Account definitions and transcribed debt/tax examples read, including footnote locators. Underlying archival registers not separately inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full original text inspected through author-uploaded copy after official PDF retrieval failed. Account definitions and transcribed debt/tax examples read, including footnote locators. Underlying archival registers not separately inspected.
S1010	La moneda nazarí en los documentos árabes granadinos (siglos XIV y XV): corpus de referencias monetarias (Granada,2024) Miguel Jiménez Puertas Introduction and records001,007,016–017,036,045	Review notes Full PDF available; introduction and early monetary-reference records inspected. It corrects an apparent1302 date to the later fifteenth century;1302 is not an admissible earliest anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full PDF available; introduction and early monetary-reference records inspected. It corrects an apparent1302 date to the later fifteenth century;1302 is not an admissible earliest anchor.
S1011	El maravedí de oro de Alfonso VIII: un mensaje cristiano escrito en árabe, Revista General de Información y Documentación8.1 (1998),283–301 José María de Francisco Olmos Printed pp292–294 and note17; p300 sectionIX	Review notes Original journal PDF inspected, especially dated Toledo property transactions and source notes. Coin-production chronology is not treated as a unit founding or ending date. Later2018 research supersedes any simplistic1217 end of gold maravedí production. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Original journal PDF inspected, especially dated Toledo property transactions and source notes. Coin-production chronology is not treated as a unit founding or ending date. Later2018 research supersedes any simplistic1217 end of gold maravedí production.
S1012	Los obispos de Pamplona del siglo XIII (1957) José Goñi Gaztambide pp.46–47; appendix 1, p.207 (PDFp.166), 31 December 1198; Archivo Capitular de Pamplona, II Episcopi 56, original parchment	Review notes Read original-receipt edition in full and surrounding discussion. Latin acknowledges receipt and satisfaction in sanchete sueldos. The calendar date is editorial conversion of the Spanish Era date; this is a payment anchor, not a founding date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read original-receipt edition in full and surrounding discussion. Latin acknowledges receipt and satisfaction in sanchete sueldos. The calendar date is editorial conversion of the Spanish Era date; this is a payment anchor, not a founding date.
S1013	El impuesto del monedaje en el reino de Navarra (ca.1243–1355): fiscalidad, demografía, historia monetaria (2011) Juan Carrasco pp.63–65, notes 23–28; Tudela 1264 charter, García Arancón 1985, document 44; treasury 1265–1266, Acta VectigaliaI	Review notes Read pp.63–65 and archival references. Fiscal assessment and treasury records are distinct from the adjacent coin-weight discussion. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read pp.63–65 and archival references. Fiscal assessment and treasury records are distinct from the adjacent coin-weight discussion.
S1014	Crisis, ordenanzas monetarias y Tabla de Cambios en el reino de Navarra (1329–1360) (2009) Juan Carrasco Pérez pp.109–117, especiallyp.114 note 21, p.115 note 23, p.116 note 28; AMPbox 16, no.124 A; AGN Comptos register 81, f.27 v	Review notes Read pp.108–117 including transcribed ordinances and fiscal examples. Explicitly preserve the author’s warning that implementation of the 1355 minting prescription is unproved. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read pp.108–117 including transcribed ordinances and fiscal examples. Explicitly preserve the author’s warning that implementation of the 1355 minting prescription is unproved.
S1015	Navarra y las reformas monetarias de Felipe V (2007) José María de Francisco Olmos pp.76–77, 86–88, 93–95; 1524 provision:AGN Monedas, pesas y medidas, leg.1, carp.5 bis; 1741 Aparici and 1760 Fernández de la Ferrería tables	Review notes Read 1524 contract clause and later accounting tables. A table inconsistency involving dinero/cornado is excluded from proposals. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read 1524 contract clause and later accounting tables. A table inconsistency involving dinero/cornado is excluded from proposals.
S1016	Precios en Navarra (siglos XIII–XIV) David Alegría Suescun pp.302–303, Monedas section andTable 1, citing AGN Comptos registers 1–22	Review notes Inspected page images 302–303. Study normalizes its price series to sanchetes; its modern normalized tables must not be presented as literal medieval ledger quotations. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Inspected page images 302–303. Study normalizes its price series to sanchetes; its modern normalized tables must not be presented as literal medieval ledger quotations.
S1017	Política monetaria en el Reino de Navarra al final del antiguo régimen (1747–1838), Príncipe de Viana 49, 185(1988), 641–658 Mikel Sorauren pp.655–658, notes 51–58; AGN Moneda, pesos y medidas, leg.2, carp.56 (commission report), and cross-referenced monetary reform papers	Review notes Read scholarly article through a public text mirror, especially final four pages. Monetary ratios in garbled OCR are excluded unless independently corroborated. Contract-continuity discussion is clear. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read scholarly article through a public text mirror, especially final four pages. Monetary ratios in garbled OCR are excluded unless independently corroborated. Contract-continuity discussion is clear.
S1018	Combates y miseria en Navarra. La guerra carlista que nunca termina(1833–1852) Francisco Santos Escribano pp.417–418, notes 8–10; AGN Archivo Administrativo, Guerra Carlista, suministros y contribuciones extraordinarias; 1842 petition	Review notes Read pp.415–418 and archival footnotes. Spanish-account wartime assessments are evidenced; these do not themselves extinguish Navarre accounting. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Read pp.415–418 and archival footnotes. Spanish-account wartime assessments are evidenced; these do not themselves extinguish Navarre accounting.
S1019	Exchange Value of the Hong Kong Dollar, Appendix 18 Hong Kong Government / Hong Kong Monetary Authority Part A, dated entries 18 December 1946 through 17 October 1983	Review notes Read the government table distinguishing sterling peg, revaluation, dollar peg and floating. Cross-rates in the table do not create additional anchors. 1946 is a witnessed postwar regime, not its original founding. Read the government table distinguishing sterling peg, revaluation, dollar peg and floating. Cross-rates in the table do not create additional anchors. 1946 is a witnessed postwar regime, not its original founding.
S1020	Your Finances, Your Future — June 2012 Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Printed p.5; PDF index 4, ECCA and 1976 paragraphs	Review notes Read the sterling peg at the 1965 issue and subsequent USD switch. 1965 is the beginning of the reviewed ECCA episode, not the first sterling linkage or a new account identity. Read the sterling peg at the 1965 issue and subsequent USD switch. 1965 is the beginning of the reviewed ECCA episode, not the first sterling linkage or a new account identity.
S1021	Your Finances, Your Future — July 2009 Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Printed p.6; PDF index 5, The peg — 7 July 1976	Review notes Read switching date, both parities, reserve mechanism and cited Agreement articles 17(2), 24(2). Institutional explanation quotes selected provisions; not a complete legal-text audit. Read switching date, both parities, reserve mechanism and cited Agreement articles 17(2), 24(2). Institutional explanation quotes selected provisions; not a complete legal-text audit.
S1022	2021 Marks 45 Years of EC Dollar Peg to US Dollar Eastern Caribbean Central Bank; release hosted by OECS 13 July 2021 release, opening three paragraphs	Review notes Read ECCB release confirming unchanged peg and reserve management through its publication. Confirms 2021 operation; no independent October 2026 status finding. Read ECCB release confirming unchanged peg and reserve management through its publication. Confirms 2021 operation; no independent October 2026 status finding.
S1023	In Verrem 2.3.214–215, 225 Cicero; translated L. H. G. Greenwood (1928) Sections 214–215 and 225	Review notes Published primary text in translation inspected. The 70 BCE text reports earlier transactions; it is not a surviving original account. The second action was published, not delivered as this webpage's introduction suggests. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Published primary text in translation inspected. The 70 BCE text reports earlier transactions; it is not a surviving original account. The second action was published, not delivered as this webpage's introduction suggests.
S1024	In Verrem 2.3.214–215, Latin Cicero; LateinLex Latin text with apparatus Chapter 92, sections 214–215	Review notes Latin monetary terms denariis V and denariis III checked directly against the translated passage; manuscript images not collated. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Latin monetary terms denariis V and denariis III checked directly against the translated passage; manuscript images not collated.
S1025	In Verrem 2.1.36–37: submitted accounts Cicero; translated L. H. G. Greenwood (1928) Chapter 14, sections 36–37	Review notes Primary literary presentation of submitted accounts inspected. Hostile forensic context; no original ledger survives here. Numerical transcription discrepancies are not used for a reconstructed balance. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Primary literary presentation of submitted accounts inspected. Hostile forensic context; no original ledger survives here. Numerical transcription discrepancies are not used for a reconstructed balance.
S1026	In Verrem 2.1.36–37, Latin Cicero; LateinLex Latin text with apparatus Chapter 14, sections 36–37	Review notes Latin HS and nummos checked in receipts, expenditure and balance discussion. Only denomination and accounting function admitted, not uncertain copied totals. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Latin HS and nummos checked in receipts, expenditure and balance discussion. Only denomination and accounting function admitted, not uncertain copied totals.
S1027	Natural History 33.42–46 Pliny the Elder; translated H. Rackham (1952) Sections 42–46, especially 44–45	Review notes Retrospective primary account of bronze and silver denomination relationships inspected. Its chronology is not adopted as contemporary proof of account-unit origins or reform dates. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Retrospective primary account of bronze and silver denomination relationships inspected. Its chronology is not adopted as contemporary proof of account-unit origins or reform dates.
S1028	Institutes 1.119–122: bronze and scales Gaius; translated Edward Poste; Droit Romain, Université Grenoble Alpes Book I, sections 119–122	Review notes Primary legal explanation inspected in translation. The explanation of older weighed bronze is retrospective; it is not a contemporary Twelve Tables account or a dated conversion statute. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Primary legal explanation inspected in translation. The explanation of older weighed bronze is retrospective; it is not a contemporary Twelve Tables account or a dated conversion statute.
S1029	The Salic Law: monetary obligations Salic Law; Ernest F. Henderson (1896), hosted by Yale Avalon Titles I.1, II.3 and L.2	Review notes Historical translation inspected. These clauses explicitly equate 40 denars to one solidus; the webpage's blanket Clovis attribution does not independently date each transmitted monetary clause. Obvious numerical inconsistencies elsewhere in the transcription are not used. Scoped Roman account review; not a complete origin or lifespan. Historical translation inspected. These clauses explicitly equate 40 denars to one solidus; the webpage's blanket Clovis attribution does not independently date each transmitted monetary clause. Obvious numerical inconsistencies elsewhere in the transcription are not used.
S1030	Book VII, military obligations Codex Theodosianus; Latin edition hosted by Grenoble Droit romain 7.13.7.2 (375), 7.13.13 (397), 7.13.20 (410)	Review notes Full relevant Latin legal clauses and subscriptions inspected in the hosted edition; no manuscript collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full relevant Latin legal clauses and subscriptions inspected in the hosted edition; no manuscript collation.
S1031	Solidus (2021), Formulae–Litterae–Chartae Horst Lößlein Main text and notes 8–12	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents.
S1032	Medieval European Coinage, volume 6 (2013) Miquel Crusafont, Anna M. Balaguer and Philip Grierson Printed pp. 6, 11–16; PDF pages 42, 47–52	Review notes Publisher preview PDF, introductory account-system passages inspected; entire volume not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher preview PDF, introductory account-system passages inspected; entire volume not inspected. Publisher preview inspected, printed pp. 5 and 11–13. The regional synthesis explicitly concerns accounting. Separate chapters on Valencia and Majorca are outside this preview; no immediate local parent or conversion decree is claimed.
S1033	Visigothic Currency in its Making and Movement (2019) Andrew Kurt pp. 168, 178–180, notes 24–31	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Full PDF inspected at specified passages. Roman imitation is explicit; prestige is discussed alongside fiscal and commercial functions, not established as a single universal motive. Existing solidus-account continuity claim retained.
S1034	On Coinage, c. 681 Visigothic Code; Cave and Coulson translation via Fordham VII.6.v; Zeumer edition pp. 309–310	Review notes Modernized English translation and editorial approximate date inspected; not the Latin manuscript. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Modernized English translation and editorial approximate date inspected; not the Latin manuscript.
S1035	Roman Republican Coinage II, chapter 6: Roman Units of Reckoning Under the Republic Michael H. Crawford Publisher opening excerpt; chapter pp. 621–632	Review notes Only the publisher opening excerpt inspected; full chapter was not accessed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Only the publisher opening excerpt inspected; full chapter was not accessed.
S1036	The Social History of Early Roman Coinage, JRS 108 (2018), 1–26 Seth Bernard Section II, opening paragraphs and notes 36–40	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents.
S1037	Money and mid-republican Rome, JRS 115 (2025), 221–245 Marleen K. Termeer and collaborators Section II, What and when; notes 39–48	Review notes Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passage inspected; scholarly synthesis, not independent collation of its underlying documents.
S1038	The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars (2013) Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor and Patrick Clawson pp. 20–22 (notes 50–55), 159–160 (notes 77–80)	Review notes Scholarly book OCR mirror; cited VOC/EIC orders and travel accounts inspected as reproduced, not archival originals. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scholarly book OCR mirror; cited VOC/EIC orders and travel accounts inspected as reproduced, not archival originals.
S1039	Description of Persia and Mesopotamia … from the Nuzhat-al-Qulub, JRAS 34/1 (1902) G. Le Strange, reporting Hamd-Allah Mustawfi p. 54 note 1; reported 1335 revenues	Review notes Publisher extract and complete relevant note inspected; full article/manuscripts not accessed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher extract and complete relevant note inspected; full article/manuscripts not accessed.
S1040	Coins and Coinage, Encyclopaedia Iranica VI/1 (1992) Stephen Album, Michael Bates and Willem Floor Safavid standards; Rumlu payment in 1506; western/Khorasan distinctions	Review notes Relevant substantive scholarly passages inspected; underlying documents not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive scholarly passages inspected; underlying documents not independently collated.
S1041	Ain-i-Akbari, volume I, Book I Abul Fazl; English translation transcription Ain 10, Silver Coins and Copper Coins, pp. 31–32; salary and accountants’ reckoning	Review notes English transcription inspected; site header attribution inconsistent with translation/pagination, so no Persian manuscript verification claimed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. English transcription inspected; site header attribution inconsistent with translation/pagination, so no Persian manuscript verification claimed.
S1042	Ain-i-Akbari, volume I, later Book I and Book II Abul Fazl; English translation transcription Book I Ain 79 p. 215; Book II Ain 5 p. 250 and Ain 14 pp. 264–265	Review notes English transcription of account and salary passages inspected; no manuscript collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. English transcription of account and salary passages inspected; no manuscript collation.
S1043	Ain-i-Akbari, introductory material H. Blochmann, translator’s biography of Abul Fazl Completion in the 42nd regnal year, additions in the 43rd; use bounded 1590s witness	Review notes Translator biography inspected by research reviewer; approximate composition decade used to avoid misleading CE gloss. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Translator biography inspected by research reviewer; approximate composition decade used to avoid misleading CE gloss.
S1044	The Changing Significance of Latin American Silver in the Chinese Economy, 16th–19th Centuries, RHE 38/3 (2020), 553–585 Richard von Glahn Abstract and sections 5–6; dollar accounts and Shanghai tael	Review notes Relevant substantive scholarly passages inspected; underlying documents not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive scholarly passages inspected; underlying documents not independently collated.
S1045	Secular Trends of Rice Prices in the Yangzi Delta, 1644–1935 Yeh-chien Wang Printed pp. 339–340; especially p. 340, silver yuan 1910–1935	Review notes Scanned PDF first two pages visually inspected, especially printed p. 340. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scanned PDF first two pages visually inspected, especially printed p. 340.
S1046	FRUS 1880, document 167: memorandum of 29 April 1880 George F. Seward, United States legation in Peking Printed pp. 264–265, memorandum paragraphs 12(a–i) and 15	Review notes Full contemporary memorandum transcription inspected on Office of the Historian site. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full contemporary memorandum transcription inspected on Office of the Historian site.
S1047	Historical events and currencies in use Bank of Japan Currency Museum Ancient/medieval sections and independent Edo gold, silver and copper accounts	Review notes Central-bank museum retrospective, including limits of its coin-model statements. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Central-bank museum retrospective, including limits of its coin-model statements.
S1048	The Emergence of Logistics Networks and Financial Administration During the Qin Conquest (230–221 BCE), Early China 48, 133–162; online 2026 Chun Fung Tong Emerging Logistics Networks and New Financial Administration; cash ordinance and notes 106–111	Review notes Publisher full text, translated excavated ordinance and dating discussion inspected; original slips not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher full text, translated excavated ordinance and dating discussion inspected; original slips not inspected.
S1049	Currency reorganization of 1905, Our History Net National Institute of Korean History January edicts, June implementation and July redemption; note 129	Review notes Korean scholarly institutional text inspected; original edicts not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Korean scholarly institutional text inspected; original edicts not independently collated.
S1050	Won (원) Academy of Korean Studies, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 1894 salary schedule and 1896 budget; coexistence of silver won, nyang and later gold hwan	Review notes Korean encyclopedia article inspected; its cited salary schedule and budget not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Korean encyclopedia article inspected; its cited salary schedule and budget not independently collated.
S1051	Denominational systems, in Peter Thonemann, The Hellenistic World (2016) Andrew Meadows pp.197–198, Greece and accounting paragraphs; Attic system adopted by Alexander	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1052	Marriage, mobility and migration at the beginning of Hellenism (2024) Patrick Sänger, Berlin Papyrus Database P.Eleph.1 / P.13500; contract, monetary obligations and dating discussion	Review notes Museum commentary and translated contract inspected; museum dating310BCE retained rather than older311BCE date. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Museum commentary and translated contract inspected; museum dating310BCE retained rather than older311BCE date.
S1053	Royal Correspondence 18 / OGIS225: Antiochus II land sale C. Bradford Welles, Royal Correspondence, translated on Attalus 254/253 BCE; thirty talents, instalments and royal records	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1054	Sale of Property at Dura-Europos P.Dura15, translated on Attalus Contract, consideration and penalty; editorial dating195BCE, Seleucid years117/123	Review notes Translated contract and editorial references inspected; precise internal Seleucid dating remains qualified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Translated contract and editorial references inspected; precise internal Seleucid dating remains qualified.
S1055	Tax Receipts, Taxpayers, and Taxes in Early Ptolemaic Thebes (OIP126,2005) Brian P. Muhs pp.11–12 and23–24: closed regional system, silver and copper accounts	Review notes Official PDF pp.11–12 and23–24 inspected, including account table; approximate reform chronology remains qualified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official PDF pp.11–12 and23–24 inspected, including account table; approximate reform chronology remains qualified.
S1056	The Ancient Egyptian Economy (2016), chapter7 Brian P. Muhs p.227, Papyrus Revenue Laws column52,259BCE oil duties and penalties	Review notes Publisher chapter p.227 inspected; Revenue Laws translation cross-checked by research reviewer, not original papyrus. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher chapter p.227 inspected; Revenue Laws translation cross-checked by research reviewer, not original papyrus.
S1057	Coinage and the Roman Economy in the Antonine Period: the view from Egypt (2010) Christopher Howgego, Kevin Butcher, Matthew Ponting and Volker Heuchert pp.3–4: Roman continuation of Ptolemaic monetary system	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1058	Iraq After the Muslim Conquest (Princeton,1984) Michael G. Morony p.39 Attic/Alexander/Seleucid/Parthian derivation; pp.99–107 fiscal assessments	Review notes Relevant scholarly book passages inspected in OCR mirror; ancient literary authorities not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant scholarly book passages inspected in OCR mirror; ancient literary authorities not independently collated.
S1059	ECONOMY v. From the Arab Conquest to the End of the Il-Khanids, part1 (1997) Ann K. S. Lambton Umar’s diwan, Sasanian unit adoption,698–99 reorganization and regional accounts	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1060	FISCAL SYSTEM ii. SASANIAN (1999) Rika Gyselen Final substantive paragraphs: dirham assessment versus payment in produce/labor; source limits	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1061	DIRHAM ii. In the Islamic Period (1995) Michael L. Bates Opening monetary-unit definition; medieval cessation and resumption of minting	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1062	ECONOMY v. From the Arab Conquest to the End of the Il-Khanids, part2 (1997) Ann K. S. Lambton Naser-e Khosrow in Isfahan1052; bread prices in dirham adl	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1063	DINAR, Encyclopaedia Iranica (1995) Michael L. Bates Final two paragraphs of Islamic section:1296 six-dirham account, toman and1931 rial subdivision	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit.
S1064	Greekness after the end of the Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms, in Rachel Mairs, ed. (2020) Joe Cribb pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes	Review notes Relevant chapter pp.666–669 inspected in OCR mirror; coin denomination continuity is not automatically account continuity. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant chapter pp.666–669 inspected in OCR mirror; coin denomination continuity is not automatically account continuity.
S1065	Early Medieval Currency Pattern (North India), Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa (2021) John S. Deyell pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595	Review notes Author-uploaded full text pp.1–2 inspected; epigraphic denominations linked to the Indo-Sasanian branch. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-uploaded full text pp.1–2 inspected; epigraphic denominations linked to the Indo-Sasanian branch.
S1066	Siyadoni Inscription, Epigraphia Indica I (1892) F. Kielhorn pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025	Review notes Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.
S1067	Notes on Barygaza’s Trade: Commodities and Coins at an Asian Crossroads (2025) Federico De Romanis pp.135–137, especially136 notes75–79; DOI10.17885/heiup.1582.c22725	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision36; claim locators bound the review, not an exhaustive work-wide audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1068	Vestiges of Old Madras, vol. I (1913) Henry Davison Love pp.56–57:1643 expenses; p.505 n.5:1683 accounts; p.510:13 May1717 consultation	Review notes Full OCR inspected; printed page images and original manuscripts not collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full OCR inspected; printed page images and original manuscripts not collated.
S1069	The Carnatic Debts and the Agrarian Crisis of the Eighteenth Century Parvathi Menon The Consolidated Loan of1767, n.29; glossary entry pagoda	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review.
S1070	The Problem of the Rupee (1923) B. R. Ambedkar Chapter I, pp.15–16 and18–23:1750 treasury,1818 Madras reform and1835 common rupee	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review.
S1071	A Voyage to the East Indies (1800) Fra Paolino da San Bartolomeo, translated by William Johnston Book I, chapter V, pp.81–82 and85–86; title gives residence1776–1789	Review notes Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages inspected in revision37; cited locators delimit the review.
S1072	Land, Law and Empire (2025) John Marriott pp.171–172 nn.85–86:1674 convention; pp.174–175 n.97:1683 prices and wages; DOI10.1017/9781009602099	Review notes Scholarly book OCR inspected; cited underlying archives not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scholarly book OCR inspected; cited underlying archives not independently inspected.
S1073	The Initial Coinage of Bengal, Part II, JRAS6.2 (1873) Edward Thomas, quoting W. W. Hunter p.341 n.4, quoting Hunter, Orissa (1872), I pp.316–317:1803 public accounts and1804 exchange	Review notes Publisher-hosted historical quotation inspected; Hunter original volumes not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher-hosted historical quotation inspected; Hunter original volumes not independently collated.
S1074	Money, Loans, and Farmland Liquidity, Acta Asiatica122 (2022),75–91 Saitō Teruko pp.83–84:26 May1811 and19 September1824 deeds, KLT vol.2 pp.30 and29; pp.77–79 scope limits	Review notes Full publisher PDF inspected, including displayed deeds.1752 contract date without unit and1787 gold payment excluded from silver profile anchors. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full publisher PDF inspected, including displayed deeds.1752 contract date without unit and1787 gold payment excluded from silver profile anchors.
S1075	Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn – Cơ quan chuyên trách biên soạn quốc sử (2018) National Archives Centre I, Vietnam Paragraph beginning Về lương bổng:1821 monthly salaries	Review notes Official archival synthesis inspected; underlying salary manuscript not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official archival synthesis inspected; underlying salary manuscript not independently inspected.
S1076	Chế độ tiền dưỡng liêm thời kỳ đầu triều Nguyễn (2023) Lê Thông, National Archives Centre I 1838 paragraph/n.6;1855 order/n.9, Tự Đức year8 month9 day6	Review notes Official archival article inspected, including royal-order references; underlying originals not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Official archival article inspected, including royal-order references; underlying originals not independently collated.
S1077	Notice sur le Cambodge (1875) Étienne Aymonier Appendix, printed pp.63–64, Monnaies (kas, prak); account table distinguished from weights	Review notes Printed pp.63–64 rendered and visually inspected from downloaded scan; web PDF reader rejected size and local file had trailer warnings. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Printed pp.63–64 rendered and visually inspected from downloaded scan; web PDF reader rejected size and local file had trailer warnings.
S1078	Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia (1992) Robert S. Wicks pp.271–274 and279–280:Telang II903, Sukawana AI882 and Sembiran AI923; p.252 n.33 earlier evidence limits	Review notes Relevant scholarly book transcription inspected; later text truncates around p.289.840 reissued Kuti charter not used as early anchor. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant scholarly book transcription inspected; later text truncates around p.289.840 reissued Kuti charter not used as early anchor.
S1079	Old Javanese legal traditions in pre-colonial Bali, BKI165 (2009),241–290 Helen Creese pp.250–251 nn.21–23:1384 Batur fine; later legal manuscript copying; DOI10.1163/22134379-90003636	Review notes Author-uploaded scholarly text inspected; publisher PDF retrieval failed. Later manuscript copies are not automatically early account dates. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-uploaded scholarly text inspected; publisher PDF retrieval failed. Later manuscript copies are not automatically early account dates.
S1080	The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary, Philippine Studies40.2 (1992),183–203 Antoon Postma pp.186–187 translation line5 and nn.5–6; provenance discussion from p.185	Review notes Article transcription inspected. Archaeological provenance and place of issuance remain uncertain. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Article transcription inspected. Archaeological provenance and place of issuance remain uncertain.
S1081	The Colonial Currency Transition: A View from East Africa, African Economic History53.1 (2025),166–182 Karin Pallaver p.169 and p.180 n.8:Buganda under Mutesa,1857–1884	Review notes Author-deposited PDF p.169 and p.180 n.8 inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-deposited PDF p.169 and p.180 n.8 inspected.
S1082	Monetary practices and currency transitions in early colonial Uganda (2016) Karin Pallaver From cowries to coins? and The introduction of cents; author summary of2015 archival study	Review notes Author summary inspected; underlying2015 article not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author summary inspected; underlying2015 article not inspected.
S1083	What East Africans Got for Their Ivory and Slaves, in Currencies of the Indian Ocean World (2019),71–92 Karin Pallaver p.77 nn.21–24:coastal doti; pp.82–84, especially p.83 n.58:Ujiji sofi; DOI10.1007/978-3-030-20973-5_4	Review notes Chapter OCR inspected; publisher metadata corroborated. Cameron original1877 edition not directly inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Chapter OCR inspected; publisher metadata corroborated. Cameron original1877 edition not directly inspected.
S1084	From German East African Rupees to British East African Shillings in Tanganyika, African Studies Review66.3 (2023),637–655 Karin Pallaver Indian, German, and Italian Rupees; Rupees and Hellers n.8; Currency Policies nn.16–17; Our Special East African Province nn.50–56	Review notes Full publisher article inspected. Tanganyika-specific all-contract conversion clause not independently inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full publisher article inspected. Tanganyika-specific all-contract conversion clause not independently inspected.
S1085	Opening Access to Roman Republican Die Studies, ANS Magazine (2019), 6–19 Lucia Carbone and Liv Mariah Yarrow Note 27, printed pp.16–17: Varro 5.173 and retariffing	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1086	Debasement and the Decline of Rome (2015), 181–205 Kevin Butcher pp.194–200, especially p.199 n.136: antoninianus valuation historiography	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1087	Die Aufwertung des Jahres 301 n. Chr., Tyche 30 (2015), 145–172 Karl Strobel Section II, I.Aph.230e lower block lines 1–2 and 3ff.: tariffs and public/private debts	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1088	The Myth of the denarius communis, Schweizer Münzblätter 67/267 (2017), 59–61 John Melville-Jones Author repository abstract: modern origin of denarius communis terminology	Review notes Author-repository abstract inspected; full article not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-repository abstract inspected; full article not inspected.
S1089	Dio, Zonaras and the Value of the Roman Aureus, JRS 51 (1961), 40–45 T. V. Buttrey p.40 publisher extract: aureus equals 25 denarii or 100 sesterces	Review notes Publisher extract at p.40 inspected; complete article not inspected. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Publisher extract at p.40 inspected; complete article not inspected.
S1090	Inflation and monetary reforms in the fourth century: Diocletian’s twin Edicts of AD 301 (2020), 165–194 Gilles Bransbourg pp.168–171: integrated denominations, independent gold valuation, argenteus tariff; p.176: later denarius semantics	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1091	Fourth-Century Prices: New Evidence and Further Thoughts, ZPE 76 (1989), 69–76 Roger S. Bagnall pp.71–72, especially n.17: independent gold and silver values and parallel accounting	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1092	P. Vrat. inv. 2: A List of Contributions in Money, JJP 36 (2006), 35–41 Dorota Dzierzbicka and Adam Łajtar pp.37–39: mixed contributions; p.37 P.Oxy.55.3804.271 dated 566	Review notes Scholarly article transcription inspected through p.39; original P.Oxy.3804 and images not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Scholarly article transcription inspected through p.39; original P.Oxy.3804 and images not independently collated.
S1093	Two Greek Texts on Skin from Hellenistic Bactria, ZPE 159 (2007), 273–279 Willy Clarysse and Dorothy J. Thompson pp.273–277: archaeological dating; c.220–170 BCE; document 1 line 4, 100 drachmas	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1094	Inscriptions économiques de la trésorerie hellénistique d’Aï Khanoum, BCH 107.1 (1983), 315–381 Claude Rapin and Frantz Grenet p.351, inscription 4a: transfer and sealing of 500 drachmas	Review notes Published transcription/discussion p.351 inspected; original container not independently collated. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Published transcription/discussion p.351 inspected; original container not independently collated.
S1095	New Research on the Bactrian Tax-receipt, Ancient History Bulletin 32 (2018), 61–71 Jens Jakobsson and Simon Glenn pp.63–64 n.15: 20 staters as account unit; pp.66–67: regional monetary distinctions	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1096	Measuring the Harappan World: Insights into the Indus Order and Cosmology (2010), 106–121 J. Mark Kenoyer pp.107,115–117: standardized weights and uncertain seed basis	Review notes Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Relevant substantive passages and stated locators inspected in revision39; no complete corpus or original-object collation.
S1097	Money Gallery Large Print Guide, Room 68 (2020) British Museum Case 1, India, Coins in trade: Persian and local Gandharan standards	Review notes Search-indexed museum passage inspected by research delegate; full PDF returned403. Possible influence remains qualified. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Search-indexed museum passage inspected by research delegate; full PDF returned403. Possible influence remains qualified.
S1098	Tools of Economic Activity from the Greek Kingdoms of Central Asia to the Kushan Empire Lauren Morris pp.464 n.93 and 467–469: c.332 marriage contract; gold-dinar fines and Kushano-Sasanian issues	Review notes Author-uploaded chapter text inspected, especially pp.464 and467–469; publisher PDF retrieval failed. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Author-uploaded chapter text inspected, especially pp.464 and467–469; publisher PDF retrieval failed.
S1099	Bactrian marriage contract, Encyclopaedia Iranica (2005) Ilya Yakubovich Document A translation: fine of twenty dinars of struck gold; old era conversion343 superseded here by c.332 in Morris	Review notes Published translation inspected. Its older343CE dating is retained in source history but c.332CE follows the more recent scholarly treatment. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Published translation inspected. Its older343CE dating is retained in source history but c.332CE follows the more recent scholarly treatment.
S1100	Pounds, Shillings and Pence (undated) Royal Mint Museum The origins of pre-decimal coinage, paragraphs 1–2; distinguish tentative transmission date from William I's later weight consistency	Review notes Full museum article inspected. Explicit transmission of reckoning, not merely coin design. The museum's tentative seventh-century date and its statement about a William I origin for the pound must not override earlier dated pound-account witnesses or regional Anglo-Saxon shillings already documented here. Only the specified historical transition is admitted. Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit. Full museum article inspected. Explicit transmission of reckoning, not merely coin design. The museum's tentative seventh-century date and its statement about a William I origin for the pound must not override earlier dated pound-account witnesses or regional Anglo-Saxon shillings already documented here.

Complete claims and evidence · Revision 41 package