Evidence coverage: 650 BC–550 BC. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Documented accounting/payment identity; dates are observations, not complete lifespans.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
An Artemision revenue account totals gold and silver receipts in pure-gold minas. Its late seventh/early sixth-century BCE date is an approximate editorial envelope, not a founding date.
Sources and qualifications →The Artemision lead account records temple receipts in gold and silver, with Side A aggregating their value in pure-gold minas. Sufficient account use for a narrowly scoped Ephesian treasury identity; no separate mina and stater currencies.
Sources and qualifications →Kroll dates the lead account’s use to the late seventh or early sixth century BCE, distinguishing its inscription from its later deposition. Use an explicitly approximate date envelope, not a founding date.
Sources and qualifications →Kroll interprets the account as bullion reckoning coexisting with early electrum coins; it does not document a Lydian electrum-to-Croeseid account conversion. Keep the Ephesian unit distinct from any proposed Lydian royal currency grouping.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
An Artemision revenue account totals gold and silver receipts in pure-gold minas. Its late seventh/early sixth-century BCE date is an approximate editorial envelope, not a founding date.
C1288Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
An Artemision revenue account totals gold and silver receipts in pure-gold minas. Its late seventh/early sixth-century BC date is an approximate editorial envelope, not a founding date.
Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked.
The Artemision lead account records temple receipts in gold and silver, with Side A aggregating their value in pure-gold minas. Sufficient account use for a narrowly scoped Ephesian treasury identity; no separate mina and stater currencies.
Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked.
Kroll dates the lead account’s use to the late seventh or early sixth century BC, distinguishing its inscription from its later deposition. Use an explicitly approximate date envelope, not a founding date.
Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked.
Kroll interprets the account as bullion reckoning coexisting with early electrum coins; it does not document a Lydian electrum-to-Croeseid account conversion. Keep the Ephesian unit distinct from any proposed Lydian royal currency grouping.
Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked.