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Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning: research record

Evidence coverage: 1520–1911. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.

This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.

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Currency continuity

Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning

CUR-V26-ETHIOPIA-AMOLE · Research draft

Northern highlands and Shoa connected to Danakil salt supply; observed regional price variation

One scoped currency identity. Changes to subdivisions, scale, standard, instruments or issuers do not by themselves create children. A distinct account unit can remain a successor.
Dated observations: 1520–1911; this does not establish the entire lifetime.

Parents / predecessors

No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.

Children / successors

No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.

Latest research

Historical account research

Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.

Sources and qualifications →
Historical account research

Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.

Sources and qualifications →
Historical account research

Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.

Sources and qualifications →

Account-unit observations

Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.

1830–1911supported

Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.

C1352
1520–1527qualified

Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.

C1353
Nonequalified

Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.

C1467
Evidence & research notes 4 claims

Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan. Counted accepted bars measured taxes and prices. Southern small-bar bagé is excluded pending separate identity review.

Supported C1352

Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.

Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248 Citation S669 · Open source ↗

pp221–223,229

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Qualified C1353

Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.

Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248 Citation S669 · Open source ↗

pp214–215

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Qualified C1467

Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.

Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248 Citation S669 · Open source ↗

pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc.

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1724

Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.

Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248 Citation S669 · Open source ↗

pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc.

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

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