Northern highlands and Shoa connected to Danakil salt supply; observed regional price variation
One scoped currency identity. Changes to subdivisions, scale, standard, instruments or issuers do not by themselves create children. A distinct account unit can remain a successor. Dated observations: 1520–1911; this does not establish the entire lifetime.
Parents / predecessors
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
Children / successors
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Latest research
Historical account research
Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.
Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.
Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
1830–1911supported
Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.
C1352
1520–1527qualified
Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.
C1353
Nonequalified
Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.
C1467
Evidence & research notes 4 claims
Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan. Counted accepted bars measured taxes and prices. Southern small-bar bagé is excluded pending separate identity review.
Supported C1352
Tax schedules specify 8/6/4 bars per camel/mule/donkey load; analysis describes a price structure reckoned in amoles. Worn bars ceased to be accepted as money and were instead weighed as commodities.
Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248Citation S669 · Open source ↗
pp221–223,229
Source access and limitations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Qualified C1353
Alvarez reports widespread salt-bar monetary use and court-expense provision. Earlier 525 salt trade is context, not proof of continuous identity to amole.
Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248Citation S669 · Open source ↗
pp214–215
Source access and limitations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Qualified C1467
Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.
Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248Citation S669 · Open source ↗
pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc.
Source access and limitations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Supported C1724
Lifecycle review: 1935invasion is a study-period boundary, not a proven demonetization date. No complete family extinction established.
Richard Pankhurst · Richard Pankhurst, Primitive money in Ethiopia, Journal de la Société des Africanistes32(2),1962, pp.213–248Citation S669 · Open source ↗
pp.214–216,221–223,228–230; page-specific URLs append ?pageId=T1_229, etc.
Source access and limitations
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.