Evidence coverage: 1643–1645. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Narragansett-area reckoning in wampum-fathoms and fractions; includes documented 1645 interpolity obligations
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Williams describes monetary payments and named counting scale in fathoms. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Treaty specifies 2000 white fathoms in four installments and annual per-capita obligations. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Williams describes monetary payments and named counting scale in fathoms. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
C1363Treaty specifies 2000 white fathoms in four installments and annual per-capita obligations. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
C1364Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan. Grouping Indigenous and inter-polity contexts is qualified. Ceremonial belts and generic beads are not extra currencies. White:black ratings remain contextual valuations.
Williams describes monetary payments and named counting scale in fathoms. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
ChXXIII, p 125; ChXXIV, pp 128–131; ChXXV–XXVI, pp 133–140; Volume 93, manuscriptp 267, treatyarticles 1 and 5; pp 268–269 enforcement/signatures
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
ChXXIII, p 125; ChXXIV, pp 128–131; ChXXV–XXVI, pp 133–140; Volume 93, manuscriptp 267, treatyarticles 1 and 5; pp 268–269 enforcement/signatures
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Treaty specifies 2000 white fathoms in four installments and annual per-capita obligations. Assignment to this scoped currency profile is qualified.
ChXXIII, p 125; ChXXIV, pp 128–131; ChXXV–XXVI, pp 133–140; Volume 93, manuscriptp 267, treatyarticles 1 and 5; pp 268–269 enforcement/signatures
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
ChXXIII, p 125; ChXXIV, pp 128–131; ChXXV–XXVI, pp 133–140; Volume 93, manuscriptp 267, treatyarticles 1 and 5; pp 268–269 enforcement/signatures
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.