Evidence coverage: 2000 BC–1801 BC. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Merchant-network silver debts and composite commercial accounts, early second millennium BCE. Mina,shekel and fractional grain expressions belong to one scoped accounting profile.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
AO 8295 records a silver loan in mina, shekel and grain fractions, with a five-week repayment term and late interest reckoned per mina per month. This is a monetary obligation, not merely a weight inventory.
Sources and qualifications →The Kanesh caravan account aggregates investments and diverse expenses into a silver balance in minas and shekels; another loan specifies staged repayment of six minas.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
AO 8295 records a silver loan in mina, shekel and grain fractions, with a five-week repayment term and late interest reckoned per mina per month. This is a monetary obligation, not merely a weight inventory.
C1374The Kanesh caravan account aggregates investments and diverse expenses into a silver balance in minas and shekels; another loan specifies staged repayment of six minas.
C1375Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
AO 8295 records a silver loan in mina, shekel and grain fractions, with a five-week repayment term and late interest reckoned per mina per month. This is a monetary obligation, not merely a weight inventory.
AO8295 entire translated contract
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Metadata and entire loan translation inspected, including repayment and interest clauses.
The Kanesh caravan account aggregates investments and diverse expenses into a silver balance in minas and shekels; another loan specifies staged repayment of six minas.
66.245.10 and66.245.17a curatorial readings
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The final ancient total contains a small arithmetic discrepancy.
66.245.10 and66.245.17a curatorial readings
Probably from Kültepe; period date is approximate.
Loan terms do not prove a circulating banknote or coin.