Evidence coverage: 1545–1545. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Tlaxcala regulated market reckoning in counted cacao beans
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Price ruling gives multiple ordinary goods values in counted cacao beans; quality adjustments are within the account profile.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Price ruling gives multiple ordinary goods values in counted cacao beans; quality adjustments are within the account profile.
C1360Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan. Scope only the documented Tlaxcala market, not all cacao money across Maya or other Mesoamerican regions. Counted-bean prices support an account unit; quality grades remain within its profile.
Price ruling gives multiple ordinary goods values in counted cacao beans; quality adjustments are within the account profile.
PDFp 2, Document 2 and source note 2; Attestations, Tlaxcala 1545; Beyond the Codices, doc 34,210–211
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
LIMITS: University teaching reproduction of primary translation, not inspection of original manuscript.
PDFp 2, Document 2 and source note 2; Attestations, Tlaxcala 1545; Beyond the Codices, doc 34,210–211
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Nahuatl sentence and scholarly translation inspected: tamale priced/exchanged at one cacao bean.