Evidence coverage: 1619–1630. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Documented obligations, prices or public accounting establish a scoped currency identity independently of surviving descendants.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Giro balances settled obligations and traded at a variable premium to coin; the premium turned negative during 1630. This supports a separately valued scriptural unit.
Sources and qualifications →Venetian bank payments ceased inOctober 1800; after 1805 creditors received government bonds.
Sources and qualifications →Revise admission argument: premium alone is insufficient. Bank account denomination, its distinct relation to current/coin money and continued unit despite metallic devaluation support scoped banco ducat. Preserve one unit across institutions unless an account split is established.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Giro balances settled obligations and traded at a variable premium to coin; the premium turned negative during 1630. This supports a separately valued scriptural unit.
C1399Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Giro balances settled obligations and traded at a variable premium to coin; the premium turned negative during 1630. This supports a separately valued scriptural unit.
sectionsI andIII, Figure4 discussion
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Venetian bank payments ceased inOctober 1800; after 1805 creditors received government bonds.
Venice p.27, final paragraph
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Revise admission argument: premium alone is insufficient. Bank account denomination, its distinct relation to current/coin money and continued unit despite metallic devaluation support scoped banco ducat. Preserve one unit across institutions unless an account split is established.
Venice pp 21–26; Amsterdam pp 35–39
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.