Evidence coverage: 2100 BC–2000 BC. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Umma account MVN1,240 values72gur of dates at one mina of silver and30gur of barley at two-thirds mina, includes other goods in silver, and totals debits in silver minas and shekels.
Sources and qualifications →The same document records a debit assigned to Lu-Ninshubur, an account credit in silver, and a concluding expenditure total and deficit, establishing monetary accounting beyond mere weighed-silver inventory.
Sources and qualifications →Cripps distinguishes Girsu institutional barley accounting from Umma merchant silver accounting. Shared exchange calculations do not make these a chronological succession or a single universal Mesopotamian currency.
Sources and qualifications →Different commodities and balances share a silver denomination. Mina is a scale within this account, not an additional currency node.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Umma account MVN1,240 values72gur of dates at one mina of silver and30gur of barley at two-thirds mina, includes other goods in silver, and totals debits in silver minas and shekels.
C1825The same document records a debit assigned to Lu-Ninshubur, an account credit in silver, and a concluding expenditure total and deficit, establishing monetary accounting beyond mere weighed-silver inventory.
C1826Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Umma account MVN1,240 values72gur of dates at one mina of silver and30gur of barley at two-thirds mina, includes other goods in silver, and totals debits in silver minas and shekels.
Obv.i5–12; ii1–7
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Read CDLI transliteration with English translation, metadata and regnal date.
The same document records a debit assigned to Lu-Ninshubur, an account credit in silver, and a concluding expenditure total and deficit, establishing monetary accounting beyond mere weighed-silver inventory.
Rev.i7–9; rev.ii1–6
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Read CDLI transliteration with English translation, metadata and regnal date.
Cripps distinguishes Girsu institutional barley accounting from Umma merchant silver accounting. Shared exchange calculations do not make these a chronological succession or a single universal Mesopotamian currency.
§§9.4–9.6
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Different commodities and balances share a silver denomination. Mina is a scale within this account, not an additional currency node.
See scoped account observations.
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Read CDLI transliteration with English translation, metadata and regnal date.