Evidence coverage: AD 912–AD 969. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
Siyadoni deeds specify investments, rent and recurring payments in named dramma forms. Admit a scoped Pratihara/Siyadoni account profile; preserve the adivaraha and vigrahapala distinctions without assuming every regional dramma identical.
Sources and qualifications →A deed dated Vikrama 969 records1,850 Adivaraha drammas invested with liquor distillers. The912–913 CE range dates the recorded transaction, not the later inscription’s production or currency origin.
Sources and qualifications →A Vikrama 1005 deed assigns a monthly one-third-dramma payment. The948–949 CE range preserves the calendrical conversion uncertainty.
Sources and qualifications →A Vikrama 1025 deed assigns a quarter Adivaraha dramma from rent, witnessing the account in 968–969 CE.
Sources and qualifications →Indo-Greek denominations spread into India, but De Romanis shows that drachm coins could circulate while accounts remained in karsapana. Neither that coin sequence nor a repeated dramma name establishes the missing medieval-to-Mughal account links.
Sources and qualifications →Cribb traces medieval Indian dramma denominations through Sasanian imports; Deyell connects that branch to named Pratihara epigraphic forms. Combined with Siyadoni obligations, this supports qualified compressed ancestry through Hunnic and regional stages, not a direct Qom-to-India transfer.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
A deed dated Vikrama 969 records1,850 Adivaraha drammas invested with liquor distillers. The912–913 CE range dates the recorded transaction, not the later inscription’s production or currency origin.
C2030A Vikrama 1005 deed assigns a monthly one-third-dramma payment. The948–949 CE range preserves the calendrical conversion uncertainty.
C2031A Vikrama 1025 deed assigns a quarter Adivaraha dramma from rent, witnessing the account in 968–969 CE.
C2032Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Siyadoni deeds specify investments, rent and recurring payments in named dramma forms. Admit a scoped Pratihara/Siyadoni account profile; preserve the adivaraha and vigrahapala distinctions without assuming every regional dramma identical.
pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025; pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.
pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025; pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
A deed dated Vikrama 969 records1,850 Adivaraha drammas invested with liquor distillers. The912–913 AD range dates the recorded transaction, not the later inscription’s production or currency origin.
pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.
A Vikrama 1005 deed assigns a monthly one-third-dramma payment. The948–949 AD range preserves the calendrical conversion uncertainty.
pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.
A Vikrama 1025 deed assigns a quarter Adivaraha dramma from rent, witnessing the account in 968–969 AD.
pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.
Indo-Greek denominations spread into India, but De Romanis shows that drachm coins could circulate while accounts remained in karsapana. Neither that coin sequence nor a repeated dramma name establishes the missing medieval-to-Mughal account links.
pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes; pp.135–137, especially136 notes75–79; DOI10.17885/heiup.1582.c22725
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes; pp.135–137, especially136 notes75–79; DOI10.17885/heiup.1582.c22725
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Cribb traces medieval Indian dramma denominations through Sasanian imports; Deyell connects that branch to named Pratihara epigraphic forms. Combined with Siyadoni obligations, this supports qualified compressed ancestry through Hunnic and regional stages, not a direct Qom-to-India transfer.
pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes; pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595; pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes; pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595; pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
pp.666–669, Staters and drachmas; distinguish Indo-Greek and later Sasanian routes; pp.1–2, Indo-Sasanian currency zones; epigraphic vigrahapala and adivaraha forms; DOI10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00595; pp.167–169: deeds11,21 and final rent; Vikrama969,1005,1025
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Edition abstract/translation and chronology pp.167–169 inspected in OCR; copied older deed dates distinguished from inscription production.