Evidence coverage: 1857–1909. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
During Mutesa’s 1857–1884 reign, Buganda market prices, taxes and fees were stated in cowries. The reign bounds reported practice rather than a founding event.
Sources and qualifications →Cowrie-denominated court fines and taxes persisted during the first decade after the 1901 prohibition. The 1901–1909 interval is qualified, not a claimed abolition date.
Sources and qualifications →The 1905 cent design drew on kiasa counting. Denomination design influence is insufficient to make cowrie accounting an ancestor of the existing Indian rupee.
Sources and qualifications →Local cloth, bead and shell accounts should not be forced into a single commodity currency. Their successors and complete endings remain unverified; market exchange does not create ancestry.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
During Mutesa’s 1857–1884 reign, Buganda market prices, taxes and fees were stated in cowries. The reign bounds reported practice rather than a founding event.
C2064Cowrie-denominated court fines and taxes persisted during the first decade after the 1901 prohibition. The 1901–1909 interval is qualified, not a claimed abolition date.
C2065Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
During Mutesa’s 1857–1884 reign, Buganda market prices, taxes and fees were stated in cowries. The reign bounds reported practice rather than a founding event.
p.169 and p.180 n.8:Buganda under Mutesa,1857–1884
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Cowrie-denominated court fines and taxes persisted during the first decade after the 1901 prohibition. The 1901–1909 interval is qualified, not a claimed abolition date.
From cowries to coins? and The introduction of cents; author summary of2015 archival study
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Author summary inspected; underlying 2015 article not inspected.
The 1905 cent design drew on kiasa counting. Denomination design influence is insufficient to make cowrie accounting an ancestor of the existing Indian rupee.
From cowries to coins? and The introduction of cents; author summary of2015 archival study
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Author summary inspected; underlying 2015 article not inspected.
Local cloth, bead and shell accounts should not be forced into a single commodity currency. Their successors and complete endings remain unverified; market exchange does not create ancestry.
p.77 nn.21–24:coastal doti; pp.82–84, especially p.83 n.58:Ujiji sofi; DOI10.1007/978-3-030-20973-5_4; From cowries to coins? and The introduction of cents; author summary of2015 archival study
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Chapter OCR inspected; publisher metadata corroborated.
Cameron original 1877 edition not directly inspected.
p.77 nn.21–24:coastal doti; pp.82–84, especially p.83 n.58:Ujiji sofi; DOI10.1007/978-3-030-20973-5_4; From cowries to coins? and The introduction of cents; author summary of2015 archival study
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Author summary inspected; underlying 2015 article not inspected.