Evidence coverage: 1904–1904. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Law84of28June1904 establishesbalboa; USDgoldlegal equivalence issharedstandard/legal tender, not evidenceofUSDaccountunit succession.
C995, C1604Law84of28June1904 establishesbalboa; USDgoldlegal equivalence issharedstandard/legal tender, not evidenceofUSDaccountunit succession. Correctlawdate; Colombianlimitedcoinredemption doesnot establishgeneralaccountconversion.
Sources and qualifications →Panama's balboa system established in1904succeeded the locally circulating Colombian silver-peso monetary system. Original historical narrative plainly establishes local succession. Existing broad Colombian peso profile may retain silver/paper distinctions as qualifications; does not imply mainland depreciated paper pesos converted on identical terms. No universal contractual ratio asserted.
Sources and qualifications →Includes dated issues, standards, subdivisions and institutional changes. Each event retains the source's date qualifications.
The official legal catalogue identifies Law 84 of 28 June 1904, published in Gazette 33 of 5 July, as establishing the balboa and American gold-dollar legal tender.
C558The new Panamanian gold peso, named balboa, used the contemporary US dollar weight and fineness at parity. A founding unit-standard relationship. The Colombian circulation it displaced remains a separate input.
C995Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
The official legal catalogue identifies Law 84 of 28 June 1904, published in Gazette 33 of 5 July, as establishing the balboa and American gold-dollar legal tender.
Complete official catalogue record and legal abstract
The new Panamanian gold peso, named balboa, used the contemporary US dollar weight and fineness at parity. A founding unit-standard relationship. The Colombian circulation it displaced remains a separate input.
Quotation of articles I–II of 20 June 1904 monetary agreement
Panama’s own monetary system succeeded Colombian currency in circulation at independence; the balboa was established in 1904.
First substantive historical paragraph; Monetary Agreement Articles I–II; printed pp. 911–912
Law84of28June1904 establishesbalboa; USDgoldlegal equivalence issharedstandard/legal tender, not evidenceofUSDaccountunit succession.
PDFp2, GacetaOficial33,5July1904,rightcolumn arts1–6
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Panama's balboa system established in 1904succeeded the locally circulating Colombian silver-peso monetary system.
Printed228–232
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full body inspected in public mirror; official journal PDF blocked by Anubis.