← Read the currency article

Liberian dollar: research record

Evidence coverage: 1839–1935. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.

This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.

← Locate this currency on the tree
Currency continuity

Liberian dollar

LRD · Research draft
One scoped currency identity. Changes to subdivisions, scale, standard, instruments or issuers do not by themselves create children. A distinct account unit can remain a successor.
Current currency in the inherited endpoint register.
Dated observations: 1839–1935; this does not establish the entire lifetime.

Parents / predecessors

United States dollaraccount unit branching · qualified · 1839–1843
↗

Children / successors

No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.

Siblings

Unit and issue records 3 records

Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.

Earlier accounting observation · C1193
Commonwealth dollar accounting · C1224
National account unit before 1935 · C1225

Latest research

Earlier unit continuity

Earlier revision wording is superseded: the 1935 law redefined an existing Liberian dollar. See the revision 24 statutory correction.

Sources and qualifications →
Earlier unit continuity

The Commonwealth adopted US monetary standards in 1839 and used local dollar obligations, taxes and bill redemption by the 1843 compilation. Association with the continuing Liberian dollar is qualified; the compilation date is not the enactment date of its undated currency act.

Sources and qualifications →
Earlier unit continuity

The 1933 official survey identifies the Liberian dollar as the monetary unit while reporting British West African coins as the principal circulating money.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The Commonwealth constitution adopted United States monetary standards on 5 January 1839, while reserving local currency-valuation authority.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

By the 1843 official compilation, Commonwealth law reckoned debts, judicial thresholds, taxes, currency redemption and militia pay in dollars and cents. The Uniform Currency Act recognized earlier Commonwealth bills issued after 21 January 1840.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The 1847 constitution continued compatible Commonwealth laws into the Republic until repeal.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The Commonwealth dollar reckoning and the Republic’s continuing dollar account unit can be represented as an earlier qualified phase of FTM000114, rather than separate nodes for independence, notes or coins. This is an adjudicated continuity inference, not a proved uninterrupted chain of every intervening enactment.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The 1917 BBWA agreement maintained government debit and repayment obligations in dollars despite British banking and currency circulation; the agreement alone does not identify the dollar denomination more narrowly.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The Liberian dollar was identified as the country’s monetary unit in 1933, before the 1935 gold-content act.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

The 1935 gold-content act amended an existing Revised Statutes provision and should be treated as a standard reform of an existing dollar unit.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

Kemmerer’s 1939 report explicitly distinguishes Liberian-dollar government accounts from sterling wages and prices and US-dollar debt.

Sources and qualifications →
Gap review finding

Sterling and West African pound circulation did not extinguish the official Liberian-dollar account unit; the 1942–43 circulating-medium replacement is therefore insufficient to make the West African pound the predecessor of LRD.

Sources and qualifications →

Account-unit observations

Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.

1839–1843qualified

The Commonwealth adopted US monetary standards in 1839 and used local dollar obligations, taxes and bill redemption by the 1843 compilation. Association with the continuing Liberian dollar is qualified; the compilation date is not the enactment date of its undated currency act.

C1224
1933supported

The 1933 official survey identifies the Liberian dollar as the monetary unit while reporting British West African coins as the principal circulating money.

C1225
Evidence & research notes 15 claims

Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.

Qualified C1170

Liberia’s 1935 dollar definition matched the US dollar gold content; later law provided parity and interchangeability. This is an optional founding-standard reference, not demonstrated account-unit succession.

Joseph Gold; International Monetary Fund · Membership and Nonmembership in the International Monetary Fund — chapter 4: Membership and Currency Citation S345 · Open source ↗

Domestic Currency Not Main Circulating Medium, paragraphs1–6 and quotation of1956Code sec.1171

Source access and limitations

Statute summaries and regional 14 September 1967 withdrawal date are not substituted for the original territorial acts/notices.

Conflicts with the indexed Bank of Uganda timeline remain open.

Indexed printed pp.115–116 on national East African currencies and former-board exchange inspected; full chapter retrieval returned 403

Qualified C1193

Liberia’s 7 June 1935 statute established a national dollar account unit, reenacted in the 1956 Code. This is an earlier observation, not evidence that coin issuance in 1962 created the unit.

Corrected interpretation: The inspected 1935 act amends an existing dollar provision. Its wording does not establish the account unit in 1935. Replacement evidence: C1242.

Joseph Gold; International Monetary Fund · Membership and Nonmembership in the International Monetary Fund — chapter 4: Membership and Currency Citation S345 · Open source ↗

Domestic Currency Not Main Circulating Medium, paragraphs1–6 and quotation of1956Code sec.1171

Source access and limitations

Statute summaries and regional 14 September 1967 withdrawal date are not substituted for the original territorial acts/notices.

Conflicts with the indexed Bank of Uganda timeline remain open.

Indexed printed pp.115–116 on national East African currencies and former-board exchange inspected; full chapter retrieval returned 403

Inference C1224

The Commonwealth adopted US monetary standards in 1839 and used local dollar obligations, taxes and bill redemption by the 1843 compilation. Association with the continuing Liberian dollar is qualified; the compilation date is not the enactment date of its undated currency act.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Republic of Liberia · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Citation S605 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

United States Department of Commerce · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 Citation S541 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Edwin Walter Kemmerer; transmitted by US Department of State to Treasury · Plan for Monetary Reform, Republic of Liberia Citation S607 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1225

The 1933 official survey identifies the Liberian dollar as the monetary unit while reporting British West African coins as the principal circulating money.

United States Department of Commerce · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 Citation S541 · Open source ↗

Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1236

The Commonwealth constitution adopted United States monetary standards on 5 January 1839, while reserving local currency-valuation authority.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Supported C1237

By the 1843 official compilation, Commonwealth law reckoned debts, judicial thresholds, taxes, currency redemption and militia pay in dollars and cents. The Uniform Currency Act recognized earlier Commonwealth bills issued after 21 January 1840.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Supported C1238

The 1847 constitution continued compatible Commonwealth laws into the Republic until repeal.

Republic of Liberia · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Citation S605 · Open source ↗

Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Inference C1239

The Commonwealth dollar reckoning and the Republic’s continuing dollar account unit can be represented as an earlier qualified phase of FTM000114, rather than separate nodes for independence, notes or coins. This is an adjudicated continuity inference, not a proved uninterrupted chain of every intervening enactment.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Republic of Liberia · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Citation S605 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

United States Department of Commerce · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 Citation S541 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Edwin Walter Kemmerer; transmitted by US Department of State to Treasury · Plan for Monetary Reform, Republic of Liberia Citation S607 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Leigh A. Gardner · The Rise and Fall of Sterling in Liberia, 1870–1943 Citation S609 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111; Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full author-paper transcription inspected at listed mirror.

Supported C1240

The 1917 BBWA agreement maintained government debit and repayment obligations in dollars despite British banking and currency circulation; the agreement alone does not identify the dollar denomination more narrowly.

Republic of Liberia and Bank of British West Africa; enclosed by Minister James L. Curtis · Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of Liberia and the Bank of British West Africa Citation S608 · Open source ↗

FRUS 1917, document 1081, pp.889–890, clauses 1, 2(a), 3, 7, 9–10

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1241

The Liberian dollar was identified as the country’s monetary unit in 1933, before the 1935 gold-content act.

United States Department of Commerce · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 Citation S541 · Open source ↗

Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1242

The 1935 gold-content act amended an existing Revised Statutes provision and should be treated as a standard reform of an existing dollar unit.

Legislature of the Republic of Liberia · An Act Fixing the Gold Content of the Liberian Dollar Citation S606 · Open source ↗

Chapter V, Extraordinary Session 1935, printed page 6 / PDF page 55, sections 1–3

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Supported C1243

Kemmerer’s 1939 report explicitly distinguishes Liberian-dollar government accounts from sterling wages and prices and US-dollar debt.

Edwin Walter Kemmerer; transmitted by US Department of State to Treasury · Plan for Monetary Reform, Republic of Liberia Citation S607 · Open source ↗

Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728)

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Inference C1244

Sterling and West African pound circulation did not extinguish the official Liberian-dollar account unit; the 1942–43 circulating-medium replacement is therefore insufficient to make the West African pound the predecessor of LRD.

United States Department of Commerce · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933 Citation S541 · Open source ↗

Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Edwin Walter Kemmerer; transmitted by US Department of State to Treasury · Plan for Monetary Reform, Republic of Liberia Citation S607 · Open source ↗

Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Leigh A. Gardner · The Rise and Fall of Sterling in Liberia, 1870–1943 Citation S609 · Open source ↗

Liberia section, printed p.77 / PDF p.82; Morgenthau Diaries volume 506 part 2, diary p.326 covering letter (HTML lines 7484–7519); Diary p.330 / report Part I p.1 (lines 7630–7669); Diary p.331 / report p.2 (lines 7712–7728); p.9 and notes 41–42; p.29 and notes 138–139

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full author-paper transcription inspected at listed mirror.

Qualified C1245

The 1839 Commonwealth constitution adopted United States monetary standards; local dollar obligations and currency redemption are documented by 1843. This supports an earlier optional founding-unit reference, while a distinct USD-to-Liberian account transition remains unestablished.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Republic of Liberia · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Citation S605 · Open source ↗

Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626); Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Inference C1349

The1839adoption of US monetary standards, together with local dollar-denominated public obligations and redemption recorded by1843, supports a qualified regional USD-to-Liberian-dollar branch. Neither exclusive parentage nor universal redemption is asserted.

Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First Citation S604 · Open source ↗

1839constitution art28;1843Uniform Currency Act and local payment clauses

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read.

OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

Republic of Liberia · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847 Citation S605 · Open source ↗

1839constitution art28;1843Uniform Currency Act and local payment clauses

Source access and limitations

Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.

Find a currency