Evidence coverage: 1550–1873. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
Supporting material, not parents or children.
The17th-century Japanese monetary system reckoned gold values in ryo, independently from silver monme and copper mon.
Sources and qualifications →Later16th-century Koshu gold used ryo/bu/shu units that the Bank of Japan identifies as continuing into Edo gold reckoning. Regional-to-general continuity is explicit but the observed evidence is denomination and large-transaction use, less direct than a surviving dated account. Optional earlier anchor; retain17th-century firm observation independently.
Sources and qualifications →Mitsui Kyoto moneychanger accounts switched fully from ryo to yen in March–April1873, after earlier yen instruments had still been settled in ryo. This supplies an actual ledger transition supporting existing ryo→yen succession.
Sources and qualifications →The museum distinguishes Chinese coin models, medieval one-coin/one-mon reckoning, and independent Edo gold, silver and copper values. This does not by itself establish Tang-account to Japanese-mon ancestry or merge mon, ryō and silver monme.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
The17th-century Japanese monetary system reckoned gold values in ryo, independently from silver monme and copper mon.
C1262Later16th-century Koshu gold used ryo/bu/shu units that the Bank of Japan identifies as continuing into Edo gold reckoning. Regional-to-general continuity is explicit but the observed evidence is denomination and large-transaction use, less direct than a surviving dated account. Optional earlier anchor; retain17th-century firm observation independently.
C1263Mitsui Kyoto moneychanger accounts switched fully from ryo to yen in March–April1873, after earlier yen instruments had still been settled in ryo. This supplies an actual ledger transition supporting existing ryo→yen succession.
C1417Includes dated issues, standards, subdivisions and institutional changes. Each event retains the source's date qualifications.
The BOJ Museum dates gold-unit-denominated Meiwa Nishu silver coins to 1772, distinguishing denomination from metal.
C355Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Gold accounting used ryo, bu and shu.
Q3, first paragraph
Use questions individually; broad overview, not a reform-law facsimile
An eighteenth-century official rating equated one ryo with 60 monme or 4,000 mon.
Q3, second paragraph
Use questions individually; broad overview, not a reform-law facsimile
The seventeenth-century museum section gives one ryo as 50 monme or 4,000 mon.
Early Modern Times; 17th Century Unification, official exchange-rate line
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
The 1697 specimen's inscription associates 64 monme of notes with one gold ryo.
PDF p. 7; printed p. 196; Figure b, item 3
The publisher lists pp. 202–187: the printed page numbers descend. This is the source’s pagination, not a reversed range in this bibliography.
The article’s Figure a caption gives 1615, while the text and transcription key give 1623. The discrepancy remains unresolved; this specimen is not used for a dated event.
Dajokan notes used the existing gold-ryo unit of account.
Printed pp.4–5, section 2.2.1
Selected passages inspected; not an official Bank of Japan position.
Exchange regimes are historical context, not investment guidance or ancestry.
The 1871 reform adopted decimal yen in place of ryo.
Meiji 4: Major events
Commissioning and issue dates differ; headings are not always issue dates
The BOJ Museum traces Koshu gold’s ryo–bu–shu reckoning into Edo-period gold accounting.
“From the middle to late 16th century”
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
The BOJ Museum dates gold-unit-denominated Meiwa Nishu silver coins to 1772, distinguishing denomination from metal.
“Middle of the 18th century to the 19th century”
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
Kamiki contrasts the official gold/copper rating with actual transactions; the abstract alone is insufficient to define a universal market rate.
Abstract, section II; final clause is evidence-scope qualification
Broad proportions and market-rate statements lack full-text context here; not used as universal valuations.
Complete English abstract and metadata inspected; Japanese article not consulted
The17th-century Japanese monetary system reckoned gold values in ryo, independently from silver monme and copper mon.
From the middle of12thcentury to13thcentury, lines44–45; Erizeni section, line62; 17thcentury Unification section, lines82–92; 16thcentury gold units, lines74–75
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
Later16th-century Koshu gold used ryo/bu/shu units that the Bank of Japan identifies as continuing into Edo gold reckoning. Regional-to-general continuity is explicit but the observed evidence is denomination and large-transaction use, less direct than a surviving dated account. Optional earlier anchor; retain17th-century firm observation independently.
From the middle of12thcentury to13thcentury, lines44–45; Erizeni section, line62; 17thcentury Unification section, lines82–92; 16thcentury gold units, lines74–75
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
Mitsui Kyoto moneychanger accounts switched fully from ryo to yen in March–April1873, after earlier yen instruments had still been settled in ryo. This supplies an actual ledger transition supporting existing ryo→yen succession.
PDF44 section2-2ロ; PDF48endnote162 identifies 貨幣出入帳 MitsuiBunko別966 and 新土蔵楮幣出納帳 続6640
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Japanese extracted text inspected; original 1868 gazette not independently inspected.
Silver-account lending was forbidden and converted to gold/cash accounts, with gold-denominated government notes subsequently specified. Gold ryo reckoning thus received the silver account branch. Regional historical absorption, not founding unit of ryo.
PDF43
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Japanese extracted text inspected; original 1868 gazette not independently inspected.
The museum distinguishes Chinese coin models, medieval one-coin/one-mon reckoning, and independent Edo gold, silver and copper values. This does not by itself establish Tang-account to Japanese-mon ancestry or merge mon, ryō and silver monme.
Ancient/medieval sections and independent Edo gold, silver and copper accounts
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.