Evidence coverage: AD 733–1868. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
Early14th–early16th-century saifu transfer/payment bills commonly expressed10kanmon, providing an accounting observation for the existing mon identity.
Sources and qualifications →Imported Chinese coins were locally reckoned at one mon each from the mid12thcentury; tax payments in coins spread in the13thcentury.
Sources and qualifications →A dated Heijo wooden loan register totals62 mon. The loan account is firm; placement in the existing later Japanese mon profile is qualified across the medieval transition.
Sources and qualifications →Shosoin loan documents stipulate400 mon and1kan600mon debts. Firm ancient accounting; association with the later mon continuity remains qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Prince Kiyotane’s letter records160kan borrowed toward a house price of350kan. This documents cash accounting after minting ceased; later medieval continuity remains qualified.
Sources and qualifications →The museum distinguishes Chinese coin models, medieval one-coin/one-mon reckoning, and independent Edo gold, silver and copper values. This does not by itself establish Tang-account to Japanese-mon ancestry or merge mon, ryō and silver monme.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Early14th–early16th-century saifu transfer/payment bills commonly expressed10kanmon, providing an accounting observation for the existing mon identity.
C1264Imported Chinese coins were locally reckoned at one mon each from the mid12thcentury; tax payments in coins spread in the13thcentury.
C1265A dated Heijo wooden loan register totals62 mon. The loan account is firm; placement in the existing later Japanese mon profile is qualified across the medieval transition.
C1835Shosoin loan documents stipulate400 mon and1kan600mon debts. Firm ancient accounting; association with the later mon continuity remains qualified.
C1836Prince Kiyotane’s letter records160kan borrowed toward a house price of350kan. This documents cash accounting after minting ceased; later medieval continuity remains qualified.
C1837Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Copper accounting used mon.
Q3, first paragraph
Use questions individually; broad overview, not a reform-law facsimile
An eighteenth-century official rating equated one ryo with 60 monme or 4,000 mon.
Q3, second paragraph
Use questions individually; broad overview, not a reform-law facsimile
The seventeenth-century museum section gives one ryo as 50 monme or 4,000 mon.
Early Modern Times; 17th Century Unification, official exchange-rate line
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
The BOJ Museum describes medieval one-coin/one-mon usage breaking down as coins were selected by type and quality.
medieval sections on imported coins and erizeni
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
Kamiki contrasts the official gold/copper rating with actual transactions; the abstract alone is insufficient to define a universal market rate.
Abstract, section II; final clause is evidence-scope qualification
Broad proportions and market-rate statements lack full-text context here; not used as universal valuations.
Complete English abstract and metadata inspected; Japanese article not consulted
Early14th–early16th-century saifu transfer/payment bills commonly expressed10kanmon, providing an accounting observation for the existing mon identity.
From the middle of12thcentury to13thcentury, lines44–45; Erizeni section, line62; 17thcentury Unification section, lines82–92; 16thcentury gold units, lines74–75
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
Imported Chinese coins were locally reckoned at one mon each from the mid12thcentury; tax payments in coins spread in the13thcentury.
From the middle of12thcentury to13thcentury, lines44–45; Erizeni section, line62; 17thcentury Unification section, lines82–92; 16thcentury gold units, lines74–75
Causal interpretations need specialist corroboration
The same order explicitly permitted conversion of silver-denominated lending into cash reckoning at the transaction-date rate. Alternative local destination within monetary unification; do not imply every silver balance converted to mon.
PDF43
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Japanese extracted text inspected; original 1868 gazette not independently inspected.
A dated Heijo wooden loan register totals62 mon. The loan account is firm; placement in the existing later Japanese mon profile is qualified across the medieval transition.
p174: Tenpyo5, second month ninth day, SD5300
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Original documents not independently inspected.
Shosoin loan documents stipulate400 mon and1kan600mon debts. Firm ancient accounting; association with the later mon continuity remains qualified.
p171, documents2 and4, Tenpyo-shoho2
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Original documents not independently inspected.
Prince Kiyotane’s letter records160kan borrowed toward a house price of350kan. This documents cash accounting after minting ceased; later medieval continuity remains qualified.
p178: Koho3 letters, May–September
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Original documents not independently inspected.
The museum distinguishes Chinese coin models, medieval one-coin/one-mon reckoning, and independent Edo gold, silver and copper values. This does not by itself establish Tang-account to Japanese-mon ancestry or merge mon, ryō and silver monme.
Ancient/medieval sections and independent Edo gold, silver and copper accounts
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.