RESEARCH REVISION25 ·12OCTOBER2026

Earlier accounts. Clearer ancestry.

Seven workstreams extend regional histories and audit the relationships already in the graph. New evidence comes from statutes, charters, fiscal registers, purchase inscriptions and papyri.

104new research claims
80endpoints reach an earlier date
284relationships classified
151/154endpoints with a main predecessor

These results complete the scheduled research pass. Some historical questions remain unresolved. A complete modern-currency ancestry chain to Lydia has not been established.

Download the full revision25 package · Revision24 archive

The seven priorities

PriorityWorkstreamResult
2Egypt local accountingQualified medin/para–piastre–pound continuity admitted;1524observation transferred with qualification. Earlier medin ID preserved as an alias. No GBP ancestry inferred.
3Relationship classificationAll270baseline relationships reviewed individually; 284current relationships have audit rows. Founding,regional,absorption,standard and restoration roles distinguished.
4Shallow modern lineages80endpoint codes have an earlier dated path. Regional research bundles preserve inspected evidence, held proposals and the next missing records.
1Pending Liberia, Thailand and CambodiaLiberia USD regional ancestry admitted;Thai1536purchase observation integrated;Cambodian20March1980restoration milestone confirmed, interrupted ancestry remains optional.
5Historical bottlenecksEnglish accounts reach799–801;Ottoman akçe continuity reaches1431–1432. Roman-to-Frankish and Frankish-to-English identity bridges remain explicitly open.
6Ancient frontierThree scoped ancient account units admitted and Egyptian drachma/denarius local absorption recorded. Sardis,Lydian grouping and Babylonian-to-Greek ancestry remain open with precise missing evidence.
7Release and publicationReproducible graph,complete evidence,migrations,all-edge audit,all-endpoint depth report,and previous release archive. Evidence-preservation, graph, chronology, archive and UI checks passed; publication is tracked by the Site deployment.

What changed in the graph

Egypt’s medin/para and later piastre/pound are consolidated through a qualified continuity decision. The earlier ID remains a profile alias. Liberia receives a qualified USD regional branch. The English profile extends to799–801 and Ottoman accounting to1431–1432. The Dutch lion-dollar relationship now denotes a later contribution.

Earlier statutory and transaction evidence deepens Dutch,Portuguese,African,Asian and American branches. Founding ancestry is distinguished from later euro accessions and other absorptions. Standard references and Cambodia’s interrupted restoration remain optional.

Ancient additions are narrowly scoped account units: Roman-Egyptian drachma/talent reckoning, Roman imperial denarius reckoning and Ephesian sanctuary gold accounts. Their admission does not connect them to a modern endpoint. The Egyptian absorption is local, qualified and dated by a research envelope.

Depth coverage

Counts require at least one dated path. Strict ancestry excludes qualified claims and relationships. Optional mode additionally includes standard references and interrupted restorations. None certifies every intermediate stage.

Reaches yearStrictIncluding qualifiedIncluding optional
190041/154114/154116/154
180010/15492/15499/154
17004/15471/15478/154
15003/15458/15466/154
11003/15437/15442/154
8000/15410/15411/154
7000/15410/15411/154
10/1540/1540/154
-6000/1540/1540/154

Depth changes by endpoint

All154endpoint depth reviews · Every relationship and its classification

EndpointPrevious earliest pathCurrent earliest pathCurrent main ancestry
AOA197719531953
ARS188114731473
AUD888801801
AWG198615261526
BBD8888011850
BMD888801801
BND149714731473
BSD888801801
BWP888801801
BZD888801801
CAD888801801
CDF196718871887
CLP196018511851
CNY194819401940
COP149714731473
CRC189618391839
DOP149714731473
DZD196019331933
EGP188515241524
FJD888801801
FKP888801801
GBP888801801
GHS888801801
GIP888801801
GMD888801801
GTQ149714731924
GYD8888011850
HKD888801801
HNL192618791879
HTG149714731473
JMD888801801
JPY187115991599
KRW196219531953
KYD888801801
LBP188515241524
LRD149714731473
LSL888801801
LYD188515241524
MOP149714731473
MRU1945675675
MWK197119631963
MXN149714731473
MYR149714731473
MZN198014351435
NAD888801801
NGN888801801
NIO149714731912
NZD888801801
PAB149714731473
PEN198519301930
PGK888801801
PHP149714731473
PYG194318201820
SAR169014321432
SBD888801801
SDG200715241524
SGD149714731473
SHP888801801
SLE888801801
SRD200415261526
SSP200715241524
STN197714351435
SVC149714731473
SYP188515241524
SZL888801801
THB168815361536
TOP888801801
TRY169014321432
TTD8888011850
TWD194618991899
USD149714731473
VES187918711871
WST888801801
XAF1945675675
XCD8888011850
XCG198615261526
XOF1945675675
ZAR888801801
ZMW196419631963
ZWG202414731473

Remaining evidence gaps

Roman-to-Frankish identity, early English adoption of Frankish units, the Persian-to-Macedonian obligation transition at Sardis, and Lydian electrum/Croeseid grouping remain open. Some modern branches still need earlier local account evidence or an identity decision. Full research inputs preserve the rejected shortcuts and inaccessible sources.

New claim register

ClaimStatusFindingSources
C1246supported_inferenceThe autonomous Surinamese guilder branched from the Dutch monetary system used locally since 1827. Official history identifies monetary autonomy, corroborated by later separate exchange values; not an ancestry claim from the US-dollar peg.S622, S623
C1247supported_inferenceThe Buenos Aires local peso branch developed from inherited Spanish-American peso reckoning as local bank money became the contractual currency. Compressed local sequence; not a claim that every Argentine province adopted this unit.S595
C1248supported_inferenceBuenos Aires peso moneda corriente was one local input to the national-currency unification and compulsory banknote renewal ordered in 1881. Qualified identification of one input; implementation date and exact conversion schedule require the implementing acts. No claim of exclusive parentage.S629, S595
C1249supported_inferenceEgypt’s integration into denarius accounting can be represented as a qualified local absorption beginning in 296, with older expressions continuing into the fourth century. It is not the origin of Roman currency. Local integration in Egypt; the date range combines reform and later accounting attestation, not a dated one-off conversion. The old scale continued; no claim that all Greek currencies generated Rome’s currency.S640, S641
C1250supported_inferenceThe 1913 law expressly imports metropolitan account rules and requires equivalence of existing obligations; represent a qualified Portuguese-system regional branch into Mozambique, with unresolved earlier territorial differentiation. This is account adoption, not inferred solely from a peg. 1911–1914 is a legal-adoption window, not first circulation. Do not treat the Chartered Company territory as covered by every later state-administered monetary reform.S652, S541
C1251supported_inferenceConnect São Tomé’s local escudo account profile to the explicitly adopted metropolitan monetary system, qualified for unresolved earlier local history. S652
C1252supported_inferenceFederal liabilities and currency were territorially divided into Malawi’s national monetary administration duringNovember 1964–June 1965; connect the already-existing pound profiles, with a bounded transition rather than an invented coin-birth date. S194
C1253supported_inferenceThe same documented federal monetary liquidation supplies the missing federal-pound ancestry of Zambia’s existing national-pound profile. S194
C1254supported_inferenceReconnect western CFA profile to the existing early CFA account lineage. Evidence documents inherited notes and same-unit recognition through 1955/1959/1962 institutions. Do not add BAO/institute/BCEAO issuer nodes or label 1962 a monetary birth. This is regional continuity of an existing currency; exact west/central differentiation remains unadjudicated. An identity merge/alias may be preferable if the parent is only an issuer-era duplicate.S654, S655
C1255supported_inferenceReconnect central CFA profile to the early CFA lineage, supported by institutional history and 1972 transfer of monetary liabilities. Retain a qualified regional edge and avoid treating 1972 institutional renaming as a new currency. Regional division existed before 1972; date range labels evidence coverage, not a claim the split occurred in 1972.S656, S657
C1256supportedUnited States dollar local Zimbabwe obligations and USD RTGS balances converted to RTGS dollar. Scope expressly excludes protected foreign-currency accounts and foreign loans/obligations. Treat as local account succession, not ancestry of all USD contracts everywhere. S662
C1257supportedPrincipal Sudanese dinar to new Sudanese pound replacement, verified by converted deposits, credit and central-bank accounts. Add January account/currency introduction and phased withdrawal observations; do not treat inherited July table date as the only start event.S663, S664, S665
C1258supported_inferenceEarlier Sudanese pound to dinar, introduction/co-circulation followed by replacement. Exact account law not obtained; classify the edge qualified because first-issue and final-replacement dates differ. S664, S665, S666
C1259supported_inferenceEgyptian pound as actually used in Sudan replaced at parity by first Sudanese pound. Original1964 study supports local currency settlement and account-series continuity; exact1956Act uninspected. Original article passages retrieved from index, not complete download. Date1957 versus1956note dating must be kept separate. S667
C1260supportedCongolese franc principal account unit replaced by zaire principal unit in1967. Existing zaire node continues through later scale phases; no merger with franc required. S658
C1261supported_inferenceThe1536 Vat Khema inscription records a six-tical silk purchase, providing a dated monetary-price anchor earlier than the1687–88 embassy observation. Assigning the local Sukhothai-region tical to the broader Thai baht continuity is qualified; the translation establishes a price unit, while exact regional metrological and legal continuity through later centuries remains incomplete. S614
C1262supportedThe17th-century Japanese monetary system reckoned gold values in ryo, independently from silver monme and copper mon. S06
C1263supported_inferenceLater16th-century Koshu gold used ryo/bu/shu units that the Bank of Japan identifies as continuing into Edo gold reckoning. Regional-to-general continuity is explicit but the observed evidence is denomination and large-transaction use, less direct than a surviving dated account. Optional earlier anchor; retain17th-century firm observation independently. S06
C1264supportedEarly14th–early16th-century saifu transfer/payment bills commonly expressed10kanmon, providing an accounting observation for the existing mon identity. S06
C1265supported_inferenceImported Chinese coins were locally reckoned at one mon each from the mid12thcentury; tax payments in coins spread in the13thcentury. S06
C1266supportedTaiwan's existing yen identity is attested by circulating Bank of Taiwan notes denominated in yuan/yen in1899. This is a denomination/circulation observation, not an independently inspected1899ledger or proof of its precise founding date. A parent edge from Japan or earlier silver-dollar units remains open.S615
C1267supportedA1940 joint administrative programme designated Jinan banknotes the region's basic currency; this predates its1948RMB unification anchor. Policy quoted in historical research, original archival order not inspected. Protection of fabi and mixed circulation do not by themselves establish fabi→Jinan ancestry.S616
C1268supportedThe hwan was used from the15February1953 reform, earlier than its current1962-only anchor. S618
C1269supportedThe Dutch guilder was the statutory account unit divided into 100 cents under the 28 September 1816 monetary law. Independent dated account-unit witness; not a research-envelope endpoint.S619
C1270supported_inferenceAmounts were required to be expressed in 20-stuiver Carolusguilders in 1526; this provides an earlier accounting observation for a qualified Dutch-guilder continuity profile. Grouping across later territorial and French-period changes is qualified. No new Carolus, 1694 coin or 1816 decimalization nodes. Amsterdam bank money remains distinct.S620, S621, S619
C1271supportedThe central bank dates the autonomous Surinamese monetary period from 1940. An observed independent territorial system, not an exact first-day birth assertion.S622
C1272supportedChile’s 9 January 1851 law defined the peso and its decimal divisions within the monetary system continued before the 1960 escudo reform. Same local peso profile; no node for the decimal system or gold denominations.S624, S625
C1273supportedCosta Rica authorized peso-denominated vouchers in 1839 specifically to pay public employees. Public remuneration establishes account/payment use before the first peso-labelled coin issues. Earlier Federal and Spanish account succession remains unproved here.S626
C1274supported_inferenceA 16 May 1820 Paraguayan order specified a monthly public salary of six pesos fuertes. The salary fact is supported. Grouping this earlier local peso fuerte with the existing predecessor profile is qualified across the war and later monetary reorganizations.S627
C1275supportedLaw 6746 of 11 February 1930 established the sol-oro and rated existing silver soles at the same legal value. S628
C1276supported_inferenceBuenos Aires had a locally scoped peso moneda corriente distinct from strong silver reckoning, used in contracts and public instruments. Admission relies on distinct accounting and contractual discharge, not simply paper material or a new issuer. Early creation date remains open.S595
C1277supportedThe 11 May 1871 reform established the venezolano, with conversion of public and private accounts required from 1 January 1872. Earlier account-unit observation than the existing 1879 replacement anchor; exact primary decree still sought.S544
C1278supported_inferenceA 1473 cathedral inventory rated the Castilian silver real at 31 maravedís, following explicit 1471 real tariffs; this predates the existing 1497 observation. Evidence is valued real money in accounts, not proof that every payment was denominated primarily in reales. Association with the later real/peso profile is qualified.S630
C1279supportedGonzalo de Baeza’s treasury accounts beginning in 1477 converted payment amounts into maravedís. Firm account-unit witness; does not create an ancestry edge to the concurrent real.S630
C1280supported_inferenceThe 799–801 Mercian annual render and 805–807 Kentish penny valuation can extend the existing English monetary profile with qualified regional continuity; neither text establishes a 240-penny pound or a Frankish-to-English conversion.S631, S632, S521
C1281supported_inferenceThe 799–801 Mercian annual render and 805–807 Kentish penny valuation can extend the existing English monetary profile with qualified regional continuity; neither text establishes a 240-penny pound or a Frankish-to-English conversion.S632, S521
C1282supported_inferenceUnder the project policy that rescaling and subdivision changes do not create currencies, the retained akçe account scale supports a qualified continuation within the Ottoman kuruş/lira profile. Extend the profile to 1431–1432 fiscal evidence; do not create a denomination-only akçe predecessor node.S636, S637, S557
C1283supportedThe 301 Maximum Prices Edict expresses statutory price ceilings in denarii; its Athenian copy preserves portions covering footwear and leather goods.S642, S643
C1284supported_inferenceEdfu receipts dated 71/72–88 CE record local drachma amounts for a tax assessed in denarii. The local Roman-Egyptian drachma/talent profile is scoped to this attested accounting; Ptolemaic continuity remains open.S490
C1285supportedA 197 CE papyrus equates a denarius fine to Egyptian drachmas, with an additional agio; this attests local accounting, not the creation of either unit.S490
C1286supportedP.Oxy.12.1431, assigned to early 351, explicitly equates 225 myriads of denarii with 1,500 talents in a rug expenditure.S641
C1287supportedP.Oxy.12.1431, assigned to early 351, explicitly equates 225 myriads of denarii with 1,500 talents in a rug expenditure.S641
C1288qualifiedAn Artemision revenue account totals gold and silver receipts in pure-gold minas. Its late seventh/early sixth-century BCE date is an approximate editorial envelope, not a founding date.S644
C1289supportedBrowne’s Egyptian observations of 1792–1798 describe public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras, also called medines. This is dated local accounting evidence, not a currency founding date.S647
C1290supported_inferenceThe 1834 reform retained a silver piastre divided into forty paras; the 1885 reform expressed the pound as one hundred piastres and changed the smaller subdivisions. Continuity of the nineteenth-century local account system is supported.S649, S648, S558
C1291supported_inferenceEgyptian medin/para accounting attested in 1524 is grouped with the later local piastre/pound identity as a qualified continuity inference. Late-eighteenth-century medin/para prices and nineteenth-century piastre subdivisions bridge the scales; unresolved regional details are not presented as a complete legal sequence.S557, S647, S648, S649
C1292supportedThe riel was reintroduced on20March1980 after abolition. This fixes the restoration milestone; continuity of old balances and uninterrupted use remain unproved.S650
C1293supportedAdd Mozambique’s statutory public/private account-system anchor effective 1 January 1914; include earlier real reckoning as an internal pre-1914 phase where independently evidenced. Do not split the unit solely at real-to-escudo rescaling. S652, S541
C1294supportedAdd São Tomé’s statutory public/private account-system anchor effective 1 January 1914. Independence overprinting is an issuer phase. S652, S542
C1295supportedCabo Verde receives an independent statutory account-conversion anchor for 1914; retain existing older Cape Verde ancestry and do not invent another 1914 currency. S652
C1296supported_inferenceAlgerian franc monetary-unit observation reaches 1933, preceding the 1960 anchor. Treat later new-franc rescaling as a profile change, not a reason to discard the earlier unit. No claim that 1933 is creation or that 1848 was the actual monetary separation date.S541
C1297supported_inferenceCuraçao is reported within the Dutch monetary system in 1933. Add this territorial observation to the existing 1827–1945 qualified branch; it does not solve the exact separation date. S541
C1298supportedThe1953Organic Law prescribes escudo as monetary unit in all Portuguese overseas provinces,including Angola. This is a legal-unit anchor; the date is promulgation,not an established local cash changeover or exact commencement.S659
C1299supportedHonduran peso plata was established as official currency in1879, divided into100centavos, and was the peso later replaced under the1926lempira legislation.S545
C1300supported_inferenceContemporary1964research records the Sudanese pound replacing local Egyptian-pound use at parity in1957. The earlier Sudanese pound is a scoped account identity; a1956note imprint is not a proved account commencement date.S665, S666, S667
C1301supportedThe2002Bank of Sudan Act defines the dinar as the national currency unit and expresses bank capital in dinars.S664
C1302supportedBank exchanges into the new pound began10January2007. The annual report restates deposits,loans and monetary accounts at100dinars per pound; banknote and coin withdrawal followed different later dates.S663
C1303qualifiedThe hwan and won remain distinct, provisionally scoped account units under the existing replacement decision. The 1953 and 1962 reform ratios alone neither establish nor disprove identity; the broader South Korean continuity question remains open. No new currency is admitted solely for a note issuer change.S617, S618, S259
C1304supportedThe Dutch monetary system took effect in Suriname on 1 January 1827 under the published 1826 provisions. S623
C1305supportedParaguay’s 10 January 1823 decree assessed cattle and market-cart taxes in reales. S627
C1306supportedThe 27 November 1842 Paraguayan coinage law instructed the government to retain the familiar old monetary system. Supports retained reckoning, but coinage authorization does not by itself establish a complete Spanish-to-modern branch.S627
C1307supportedDecree-Law 7126 required debts in Peruvian libras to be paid at ten soles per libra. Actual obligation conversion. Whether libra is a separate currency identity or a larger accounting denomination remains held for review.S628
C1308unresolvedThe 14 February 1863 law named the sol as monetary unit; extending the existing sol-de-oro profile to this point requires review of the intervening libra system. Do not create a silver-sol node merely for a metal or standard change.S628
C1309supportedLaw 1130 required existing contracts to settle in equivalent national currency and issuing banks to renew their note circulation in national currency. S629
C1310unresolvedA 12 June 1865 law called the peso fuerte the venezolano de oro; continuity to the 1871 system needs direct comparison of both laws. Do not create a node from the gold/silver naming distinction alone.S544
C1311supportedS1186 a, dated 799–801 and catalogued as an original document, records 200 solidi for estate immunities and an annual 30-solidus obligation.S631
C1312supportedS41, dated 805–807 and preserved in contemporary sheets, prices the Eythorne land grant at 3,000 denarii, translated as pence.S632
C1313qualifiedS164 records a thirty-pound valuation in 809, confirmed 810, but survives in a later copy and has disputed authenticity.S633
C1314qualifiedThe 796 Purton restoration records 2,000 silver solidi, but its disputed transmission makes it qualified corroboration rather than the firm earliest English anchor.S634
C1315qualifiedS9 reports ten pounds of silver in a charter dated 686; authenticity questions and possible weight usage prevent adopting 686 as a demonstrated currency-pound origin.S635
C1316supportedThe published 1431–1432 Arvanid register excerpt records estimated revenue of 531 akçe for Lagos village within Petro's timar. This is fiscal accounting evidence, not a mint-date proxy.S636
C1317supportedSahillioğlu describes akçe becoming the third of a para and surviving as an account unit after the monetary focus shifted to kuruş and para. Pamuk describes the new kuruş scale as 120 akçe and the continuing use of its lower subdivisions.S637, S557
C1318supported_inferenceUnder the project policy that rescaling and subdivision changes do not create currencies, the retained akçe account scale supports a qualified continuation within the Ottoman kuruş/lira profile. Extend the profile to 1431–1432 fiscal evidence; do not create a denomination-only akçe predecessor node.S636, S637, S557, S599, S600
C1319supported_inferenceWith qualified akçe continuity admitted, the Dutch lion-dollar contribution around 1690 is a later account-unit contribution to an already existing Ottoman system, not the founding origin of that system.S601, S557, S637
C1320qualifiedBothe reports the hypothesis that Salic forty-denarius reckoning refers to the late-Roman siliqua of Honorius and successors, while emphasizing disputed dating of the law's formation.S638
C1321qualifiedDrew identifies the Salic forty-denarius equation as distinct from both Roman imperial and Carolingian reckoning and flags unresolved monetary interpretation; the ratio alone cannot establish a Roman currency identity bridge.S639
C1322supportedThe 301 Maximum Prices Edict expresses statutory price ceilings in denarii; its Athenian copy preserves portions covering footwear and leather goods. Admit an account-unit identity rather than a coin issue; 301 is an observation, not a founding year.S642, S643
C1323supportedAfter the Alexandrian tetradrachm ceased to be minted in 296, Egyptian drachma accounting continued for payments made in denarii, reckoned at four drachmas per denarius. This concerns actual accounting persistence during monetary integration, beyond an isolated exchange quotation.S640
C1324supportedThe denarius did not wholly displace Egyptian drachma-and-talent accounting; the drachma term declined during the fourth century while talent reckoning persisted. Do not represent 296 as instant extinction of local accounting.S640, S641
C1325supportedP.Oxy.12.1431, assigned to early 351, explicitly equates 225 myriads of denarii with 1,500 talents in a rug expenditure. Documented common valuation: 1,500 denarii per talent. Exact day is uncertain; use year 351.S641
C1326supported_inferenceEgypt’s integration into denarius accounting can be represented as a qualified local absorption beginning in 296, with older expressions continuing into the fourth century. It is not the origin of Roman currency. One local later-absorption edge; founding_predecessor=false. Do not use it to infer Greek parentage for Rome’s original denarius.S640, S641
C1327qualifiedBagnall and Bransbourg identify a property transaction dated 27 March 352, P.Stras.1.9, as their earliest known Egyptian transaction specifying payment in gold coinage. An attestation and scholarly earliest-known claim, not a universal first use or a proved denarius-to-solidus conversion.S641
C1328supportedThe Artemision lead account records temple receipts in gold and silver, with Side A aggregating their value in pure-gold minas. Sufficient account use for a narrowly scoped Ephesian treasury identity; no separate mina and stater currencies.S644
C1329qualifiedKroll dates the lead account’s use to the late seventh or early sixth century BCE, distinguishing its inscription from its later deposition. Use an explicitly approximate date envelope, not a founding date.S644
C1330supported_inferenceKroll interprets the account as bullion reckoning coexisting with early electrum coins; it does not document a Lydian electrum-to-Croeseid account conversion. Keep the Ephesian unit distinct from any proposed Lydian royal currency grouping.S644
C1331qualifiedMuhs reports that the Egyptian silver deben was equated to twenty drachmas before Alexander, and that this equation survived Ptolemy I’s reductions of coin weight. A useful earlier identity lead; note 133 dates the first attestation to 410–400 BCE, but that document was not independently collated.S645
C1332supportedIn early Ptolemaic accounts, Demotic deben/kite expressions became accounting units detached from their former theoretical silver weights. Do not create automatic extra currency nodes for alternate-language denominations or each coin-weight change. The Ptolemaic-to-Roman identity boundary still needs local account comparison.S645
C1333qualifiedYegül distinguishes the earlier Mnesimachos mortgage from its later wall copy and notes substantial disagreement over their dates. The post-conquest mortgage remains a real obligation, but it cannot be assigned a 334 BCE daric-conversion date.S646
C1334supportedClot-Bey in 1840 describes the Egyptian piastre as forty paras and lists both older para/piastre issues and current larger piastre denominations within the same system.S648
C1335supported_inferenceForeign sovereigns were valued in Egyptian piastres under official tariffs. Their circulation and later sterling alignment do not establish a British-pound origin for Egyptian accounting.S649, S558
C1336qualifiedThe Dominican issuer dates national currency legislation to1937 while US dollar notes continued. The1947dollar withdrawal remains documented; its role as founding rather than later conversion is unresolved.S651
C1337qualified1913 law and 1926 reform prove Angolan escudo account reckoning before 1926. Extend the local account lineage with an angolar reform phase only after adjudicating the 1953–1958 return to escudo. Do not silently identify first and later escudos across that interval or create a new node only for the name angolar. S652, S653, S541
C1338qualifiedNyasaland and Northern/Southern Rhodesia were using the British pound account system in 1933. A qualified direct regional-continuity bridge to the 1950 sfederal pound is plausible, but the 1933 survey alone does not document the 1955 transfer of all accounts. Preserve this candidate instead of treating 1932 regional coinage as a separate unit. S541, S194
C1339unresolvedWhether earlier Angolan escudo,1926angolar and1950sescudo form one continuing account identity is not settled by the inspected evidence. No new angolar parent or silent merge is recommended in this pass.S659, S652, S653
C1340supportedIndependent Bolivia legislated official remuneration in pesos by12September1826.S660
C1341supportedThe1863 law calls the boliviano a peso fuerte, decimalizes its value, rates newly specified money against circulating money, and requires state-office payment reckoning in the new decree’s bolivianos/pesos.S661
C1342unresolved1826 salary-peso observation is genuine, but identifying that account currency with1863 boliviano requires dated accounting/contract transition evidence across strong/feble peso practices.S660, S661
C1343supportedOriginal scholarship reconstructs Honduran official trade accounts and explicitly identifies peso plata as one of their valuation units.S545
C1344supported1 USD in covered balances = 1 RTGS dollar. United States dollar local Zimbabwe obligations and USD RTGS balances converted to RTGS dollar. Scope expressly excludes protected foreign-currency accounts and foreign loans/obligations. Treat as local account succession, not ancestry of all USD contracts everywhere.S662
C1345supported100 SDD = 1 SDG. Principal Sudanese dinar to new Sudanese pound replacement, verified by converted deposits, credit and central-bank accounts.S663, S664, S665
C1346supported_inference10 old Sudanese pounds = 1 dinar. Earlier Sudanese pound to dinar, introduction/co-circulation followed by replacement. Exact account law not obtained; classify the edge qualified because first-issue and final-replacement dates differ.S664, S665, S666
C1347supported_inference1 Egyptian pound = 1 first Sudanese pound. Egyptian pound as actually used in Sudan replaced at parity by first Sudanese pound. Original1964 study supports local currency settlement and account-series continuity; exact1956Act uninspected.S667
C1348supported1000 former Congolese francs = 1 zaire. Congolese franc principal account unit replaced by zaire principal unit in1967. Existing zaire node continues through later scale phases; no merger with franc required.S658
C1349supported_inferenceThe1839adoption of US monetary standards, together with local dollar-denominated public obligations and redemption recorded by1843, supports a qualified regional USD-to-Liberian-dollar branch. Neither exclusive parentage nor universal redemption is asserted.S604, S605

Sources and inspection limits

  1. S622 · Founding of the CBvS

    Centrale Bank van Suriname · Historical paragraphs: affiliation 1827–1940; monetary autonomy from 1940 · Full official historical body inspected. Page appears to misprint West-Indische Bank liquidation as 1948; scholarship dates it 1848. That sentence is not used.

  2. S623 · Het muntwezen in Suriname

    L.M.J. Boegheim, OSO 15 (1996), pp. 191–199 · pp. 194–195 Nederlandse munten; p. 197 Na de oorlog; note 5 archival reference 2.08.36/357 · Relevant complete scholarly text inspected. 1827 adoption is an event; independent Surinamese unit separation is later. Card-money conversion ratios in source vary by date.

  3. S595 · La moneda circulante en el Río de la Plata y el surgimiento de un mercado financiero,1813–1850: de horizonte homogéneo a volatilidad estructural

    Julio Djenderedjian and Juan Luis Martirén, América Latina en la Historia Económica32(1),2025; DOI10.18232/20073496.1488 · Section Inestabilidad estructural y ciclos monetarios; firstparagraph and Gráfica1 source/methodology caption · Full HTML downloaded via urllib and relevant body read; local atlantic24-cache/rio-plata2025.html/.txt Original research based on contemporary BuenosAires and Montevideo newspaper quotations. Search tool failed to open but localfetch succeeded. Describes1831 fixedaccountstandard; not solely metal coin similarity.

  4. S629 · Ley 1130 — Ley de Monedas

    Argentine Congress, sanctioned 3 November 1881 · Articles 5, 7–9, 11–15 · Full original statutory transcription inspected. Implementation was conditional/phased; statute does not enumerate all predecessor currency identities or give a universal paper-peso conversion ratio.

  5. S640 · Currency and Inflation in Fourth Century Egypt (BASP Supplements 5, 1985)

    Roger S. Bagnall · Chapter 2, printed pp.9–11 · Publisher/library PDF downloaded and relevant full text read, including definitions of Attic drachma, denarius and Egyptian drachma. Original papyrological synthesis; individual manuscripts were not independently collated. Later scholarship checked for the persistence of the reckoning.

  6. S641 · The Constantian Monetary Revolution, ISAW Papers 14 (2019)

    Roger S. Bagnall and Gilles Bransbourg · Section 1: first three paragraphs and discussion of P.Oxy.12.1431; section 2.1 opening paragraphs · Full relevant article body read through author-uploaded Academia transcription. Canonical NYU page failed to load; NYU announcement and bibliographic identity verified. Specific conversions and dating must retain authors’ qualifications. Primary papyri not independently collated.

  7. S652 · Portugal, Decreto n.º 141, 18 September 1913

    primary legislation · Diário do Governo no.219, printed pp.3540–3541 / PDF pp.4–5; preamble; article 1 and §§1–2; articles 3 and 5 · Downloaded official scan; both pages visually inspected. Page 4 image law 141.png in cache.

  8. S541 · Monetary Use of Silver in 1933

    United States Department of Commerce · Country entries Ceylon and Siam; contemporary account of currency legislation · Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.

  9. S194 · Economic Bulletin for Africa, Vol.VI No.1, January 1966 (E/CN.14/396)

    United Nations Economic Commission for Africa · Claim-specific locators in evidence register · Sierra Leone currency discussion, printed p.100 (PDF p.107), and title inspected

  10. S654 · BCEAO Annual Report 2003, historical box 5

    central bank historical research · Printed p 60 / PDF p 81, Encadré n°5 Une tradition d’émission monétaire vieille de 150 ans · Downloaded PDF and web full text inspected.

  11. S655 · Gérard Barthélémy, Le nouveau franc CFA et la Banque centrale des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest

    original contemporary scholarship · Tiers-Monde 4, nos 13–14 (1963), pp 275–277; p 275 inspected · Original article’s first-page transcription read; later pages not inspected.

  12. S656 · BEAC, Histoire de l’émission monétaire en Afrique Centrale

    central bank institutional history · Historical narrative paragraphs 2–8; HTML lines 109–115 · Full relevant narrative directly inspected.

  13. S657 · Convention de coopération monétaire entre les États membres de la BEAC et la République française

    primary monetary convention · Signed 23 November 1972, articles 1,7–9,12; PDF pp 1–2 · Official Banque de France PDF transcription inspected. Text includes later editorial country-name updates, so cite articles as reproduced.

  14. S662 · Zimbabwe Statutory Instrument 33 of 2019, Gazette Extraordinary 22 February 2019

    Zimbabwe Statutory Instrument 33 of 2019 · Printed pp.373–376, especially §3 inserting §44C(2) and §4(1)(a)–(f), §4(2) · Complete four-page PDF downloaded and text inspected; local zim-si33.pdf. Veritas is a repository of the statutory text.

  15. S663 · Central Bank of Sudan, 47th Annual Report 2007

    Central Bank of Sudan · Printed p.30 (PDF30), Currency Issuing Policies; p.37; Appendices V–VI, printed pp.128–130 (PDF128–130) · Full PDF accessible through web extraction; inspected issuance narrative, money-supply table and notes on asset/liability accounts.

  16. S664 · Bank of Sudan Act 2002, official central-bank English text

    Bank of Sudan Act 2002 · Chapter I interpretation; Chapter IV capital; Chapter V currency unit (§19), legal tender · Official HTML full text inspected.

  17. S665 · IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2008, country notes

    IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2008 · Country Notes printed p.194, PDF920, Sudan 732: Exchange Rates and Monetary Authorities · Downloaded complete PDF to ifs.pdf; extracted and inspected PDF page920.

  18. S666 · Central Bank of Sudan Currency Museum catalogue, 2011

    Central Bank of Sudan Currency Museum catalogue · Printed p.6 / PDF7, Currencies After Independence; notes N-3 to N-5 on printed104–105 · Official PDF web extraction inspected; English summary and catalogued pound notes checked.

  19. S667 · Adnan Mahhouk and Franz Drees, Domestic Policies and Payments Problems of the Sudan, 1947–62, IMF Staff Papers 11(1), March1964, pp.150–176

    Adnan Mahhouk and Franz Drees · p.150 footnote1; p.169 currency settlement; money-supply table5 and table notes in HTML counterpart · Indexed primary scholarly passages inspected via search retrieval; direct full PDF/HTML requests blocked403. Exact excerpts recovered include p.150 note and p.169 discussion.

  20. S658 · IBRD/IDA, L’économie congolaise: évolution et perspectives, volumeI

    contemporary original mission research · Report AE-13 a,8 December 1970; unnumbered monetary-units page / PDF p 2 · Official archive PDF full-text opening and monetary-units page directly inspected.

  21. S614 · A.B. Griswold and Prasert na Nagara, The Inscription of Vat Khema, Epigraphic and Historical Studies No. 15, JSS 63(1), 1975

    original epigraphic edition and translation of dated primary inscription · printed128 / PDF2: Sakaraja1458, monkey year, month Jettha =1536AD; location in Sukhothai region; patron identity uncertain; printed136 / PDF10: vessel and tray purchase valuations; printed137 / PDF11: Face I lines27–31 silk bought for six ticals · Introduction printed127–129, translation printed136–137; PDF pages1–3 and10–11. Source PDF has20pages. Thai transcription not independently translated; editors' English translation inspected.

  22. S06 · Historical Events and Currencies in Use Contents

    Bank of Japan Currency Museum · Ancient, medieval, early modern and modern named subsections · Relevant sections inspected

  23. S615 · ROC Ministry of Finance historical exhibition, 臺灣銀行發行新臺幣樣張

    official monetary history · Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected. · Chinese narrative paragraphs at retrieved lines64–79, especially67–71; underlying bank statute or accounts not inspected.

  24. S616 · Li Chunfeng, 邓小平：货币政策是发展生产与对敌斗争的重要武器 (excerpt from 党的文献)

    original historical research reproduced by official party-history outlet; quoted historical policy text · Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected. · Entire short article retrieved lines63–71; particularly64 policy and68 bank-account/credit activity. Original policy manuscript not inspected.

  25. S618 · Bank of Korea, Currency Timeline1953–1962

    official institutional history · Narrative lines470–475; not original decree. · Narrative lines470–475; not original decree.

  26. S619 · Guldens versus franken en thalers: de geldcirculatie in Limburg tussen 1839–1914

    Joke Mooij, Studies over de sociaaleconomische geschiedenis van Limburg 49 (2004) · PDF page 2, institutional history paragraph and notes 4–8 · Full relevant PDF text inspected through web retrieval. Original scholarship references bank archives and the 1816 Muntwet. Author distinguishes legal account unit from actual mixed circulation.

  27. S620 · Geschiedenis van de gulden

    Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt, 5 July 2012 · Sections Achtentwintigstuiverstuk; 20 stuivers maakt een piek; Vorsten en hun guldens · Full relevant issuer-history body inspected. The 1526 decree itself was not inspected; legal accounting requirement is reported by the mint.

  28. S621 · The Coinages of the United Provinces (the northern Netherlands), of the Spanish (southern) Netherlands, Spain, and England

    John H. Munro, University of Toronto · PDF pp. 2–3, explanatory notes below coinage table, especially The Florin, Gulden, or Guilder: from 1466 · Three-page academic table and analytical notes inspected through web PDF extraction. Do not collapse Amsterdam bank florin with current guilder; the text’s shorthand bank-florin parenthesis needs this qualification.

  29. S624 · Ley s/n: Monedas, 9 January 1851

    Republic of Chile; Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional official text · Articles 1–5, especially 2–4 · Full statutory text inspected. Decimalization and coin specifications alone are not new currency identities.

  30. S625 · ¿Desde cuándo el peso es la moneda nacional?

    Comisión para el Mercado Financiero, Chile · Sections Aparece el Sistema Decimal and Llega el Banco Central · Full relevant official history inspected. 1817 reference is coinage, so not used alone as an account-unit birth.

  31. S626 · Billetes y Monedas

    Banco Central de Costa Rica · Información histórica de la fabricación de billetes, paragraphs 1–3 · Full official history inspected. 1839 authorization is an accounting/payment observation, not the birth of peso reckoning.

  32. S627 · Historia de la moneda en Paraguay — siglo XIX

    Carlos Alberto Pusineri Scala, original archival research, reproduced by Portal Guaraní · 16 May 1820 order (note 371, Archivo Nacional de Asunción vol. 230, Sección Historia); 10 January 1823 decree (note 372, vol. 237, fol. 1); 16–18 December 1824 accounts (note 374, vol. 237, fol. 110); 27 November 1842 law (note 393) · Document transcriptions and matching archival footnotes inspected. Continuity to twentieth-century peso fuerte remains an explicit grouping inference; nominal peso fuerte and peso corriente must not automatically be equated.

  33. S628 · La transformación en 150 años, desde el Sol al Nuevo Sol

    Manuel Villa-García Noriega, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, Moneda 154 (2013), pp. 43–49 · Printed pp. 44–47; 1863 law art. 1, 1930 Law 6746 art. 13, 1931 Decree-Law 7126 arts. 2–3 · Full relevant article text and its legislative quotations inspected via Congress-hosted PDF. Direct BCRP download returned a blocking page; Congress mirror succeeded. Silver-sol, libra and gold-sol identity classification still needs adjudication.

  34. S544 · Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela: Moneda

    Fundación Empresas Polar · 1871 venezolano monetary unit and 31 March 1879 bolívar reform · Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.

  35. S630 · La evolución de los cambios monetarios en el reinado de Isabel la Católica según las cuentas del tesorero Gonzalo de Baeza (1477–1504)

    José María de Francisco Olmos, En la España Medieval 21 (1998), pp. 115–142 · pp. 115–117: accounting method and Simancas CMC legajos 6 and 15; pp. 122–124: 1471 statutes and 1473 cathedral inventory · Relevant first ten PDF pages inspected through web extraction; bibliographic page inspected. Subsequent direct PDF fetch timed out. The maravedí and real coexist; their exchange rate does not imply a replacement edge.

  36. S631 · S 1186a: Pilheard agreement with Coenwulf, 799–801

    Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge · Old Text, monetary clause; MSS and Comments identifying Cotton Augustus ii.27 as original · Full catalogue and Latin transcription inspected. No manuscript image inspection. The source defines annual obligations in solidi but gives no penny ratio or Frankish conversion; date is 799–801.

  37. S632 · S 41: Cuthred grant at Eythorne, 805–807

    Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge · Text opening clause and translation; MSS/Comments on the contemporary single sheets · Full Latin text, English translation and authenticity catalogue inspected. Dated 805–807, not an exact year. Demonstrates denarius/penny transaction accounting; does not define a 240-penny pound.

  38. S521 · The Coinage of Offa Revisited

    Rory Naismith, British Numismatic Journal 80 (2010), 76–106 · pp.76–77 and chronology discussion · Full-volume PDF passages inspected

  39. S636 · Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Çalışma Kitabı 1 (Thessaloniki, 2008), I-7: Arvanid fiscal register, 1431/1432

    Halil Berktay and Bogdan Murgescu (eds.); Hasan Tahsin Özkaya (Turkish translator), CDRSEE; primary excerpt after Halil İnalcık · Printed p.44, PDF p.46, I-7, register entry 153 (Timar-i Petro); source İnalcık 1987 p.59; bibliography identifies Hicrî 835 Tarihli Sûret-i Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid, second ed., Ankara 1987 · Downloaded complete PDF; title, editorial attribution, primary excerpt and bibliography inspected with pdftotext. Primary register through a published teaching-source excerpt; akçe unit supplied parenthetically by editors. Estimated revenue, not cash actually received. Not original manuscript or complete İnalcık edition inspection.

  40. S637 · Akçe, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 2 (1989), pp.224–227

    Halil Sahillioğlu · Paragraphs following weight table: shift to guruş/zolota/para; akçe as third of para; subsequent account-only persistence; legal-document discussion before table · Entire substantive article inspected; original monetary historian explicitly cites own archival research and French diplomatic record of 1716. Use historical accounting analysis, not general etymological remarks as proof of Byzantine or dirham ancestry.

  41. S557 · Şevket Pamuk, A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge2000

    Şevket Pamuk · pp95–96,159–165,177,208 · Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity

  42. S642 · IG II² 5 13248: Edict on Maximum Prices (301 AD)

    Diocletian and colleagues; translation and commentary by Chris de Lisle, Attic Inscriptions Online · Chapters 9–10, surviving Athenian copy; note 1 · Full published translation and substantive commentary read. Prices restored in square brackets are editorial restorations; no claim that these were actual market prices. Date of issue is 20 November–10 December 301.

  43. S643 · Edictum Diocletiani et Collegarum de Pretiis Rerum Venalium

    Diocletian and colleagues; CIL III transcription hosted by Université Grenoble Alpes Droit Romain · CIL III p.1913, Plataiai: preamble and grain-price entries · Latin transcription inspected. Fragmentary epigraphic readings; restorations visible. Does not independently establish any earlier denarius identity boundary.

  44. S490 · Das Wertverhältnis des alexandrinischen Billon-Tetradrachmons zur Reichswährung unter Augustus und Tiberius

    Fritz Mitthof, Chiron 39 (2009), pp. 193–208 · p. 203, receipts of 71/72–88 and P.Achm. 8 (197 CE) · Relevant substantive passage inspected in this revision

  45. S644 · The Inscribed Account on Lead from the Ephesian Artemision, in White Gold (2020), pp.49–63

    John H. Kroll · Chapter 3, pp.53–57 (date, Side A text and total), pp.59–62 (specie and conclusions); I.Ephesos 1, Istanbul Archaeological Museum inv.2604 M · Full chapter transcription read, including Greek edition, English translation and editorial restorations; publication metadata checked. Mirror of original scholarship. Restored amounts and precise chronology are uncertain; the account does not name an electrum currency. No scan of the original tablet independently examined.

  46. S647 · Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria,1792–1798 (1799)

    William George Browne · Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines · Complete relevant HTML chapter inspected; author’s contemporary observations, not original state ledgers.

  47. S649 · Le Régime Monétaire de l’Égypte depuis la Première Guerre Mondiale (1960)

    Abdel Nabi Hassan Youssef · Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation · Full thesis relevant text inspected. Legislative discussion is secondary; the1885decree is independently retained as S558.

  48. S648 · Aperçu général sur l’Égypte, tomeII (1840)

    Antoine Barthélémy Clot-Bey · Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected · Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p560 visually inspected and OCR compared. Do not use the apparent Austrian-thaler error on p561.

  49. S558 · Egypt monetary reform decree14November1885, translated in US Director of Mint1886 report

    Egypt monetary reform decree14November1885 · printed pp385–386; PDF index153–154, Articles1,17 · Full decree inspected

  50. S650 · Research Results Presented at Event to Mark the39thanniversary of Khmer Riel Day (2019)

    JICA Research Institute · Opening historical paragraph,20March1980reintroduction · Full institutional report inspected; date is reintroduction, not proof of redemption of earlier balances.

  51. S542 · Reforma Monetária — compêndio de diplomas legais

    Banco Central de São Tomé e Príncipe · Historical background and decree-law 23/76; escudo-to-dobra transition · Relevant substantive passage inspected in revision 22; see claim-specific locator.

  52. S659 · Portugal,Lei2066,Lei Orgânica do Ultramar Português

    Portugal, official legislation · Diário do Governo,I Série,no135,printedp889/PDFp13,BaseLXXIII(I–III); final transitional provisions printedp892/PDFp16 · Official full scan downloaded successfully byurllib after web tool failed. Relevant printedp889 andp892 visually inspected; local OCR was also attempted. No claim that later1958implementation law inspected.

  53. S545 · Reconstrucción de series de valor del comercio exterior de Honduras, 1880–1930

    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid repository · Historical currency/accounting discussion; decree 102 of 1926 and 1931 circulation · Search-indexed research passage inspected; direct PDF retrieval failed. Author metadata and full text remain to be checked.

  54. S617 · Bank of Korea, Currency Timeline1950–1953

    official institutional history · Narrative lines470–475 and note tables, not original decree. · Narrative lines470–475 and note tables, not original decree.

  55. S259 · Currency Timeline, 1962–1970

    Bank of Korea · 1962 reform opening paragraphs · Relevant source body or identified PDF passage directly inspected

  56. S633 · S 164: Coenwulf grant to Wulfred at Barham, 809, confirmed 810

    Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge · Text opening clause xxx libras; dating and Comments · Full Latin text and catalogue inspected. Survives in a thirteenth-century copy; scholarly authenticity opinions differ. Thirty-pound valuation does not specify penny ratio.

  57. S634 · S 149: Ecgfrith restoration of Purton to Malmesbury, 796

    Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge · Text/translation payment of 2,000 solidi; MSS and Comments · Full text, translation and critical catalogue inspected. Later manuscript transmission; scholarly authenticity judgments differ. Retain as qualified corroboration, not a firm earliest date.

  58. S635 · S 9: Eadric grant near Stodmarsh, June 686

    Electronic Sawyer, Kings College London / University of Cambridge · Text opening argenti libras decem; Comments · Latin opening and critical catalogue inspected. Late copies; authenticity and interpolations debated. Silver pounds can be weight; do not turn this into a 686 currency-pound founding anchor.

  59. S599 · Ömerül Faruk Bölükbaşı, Darbhâne-i Âmire Para Basımından Nasıl Gelir Elde Ediyordu?

    Ömerül Faruk Bölükbaşı · Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi3(2),217–224,p219 · Full PDF inspected p219 fn11–12 and dated account paragraph. 1690history cites author2019 chapter, not separately inspected.1719is coinage, not new account identity.

  60. S600 · Hüseyin Al and Mehmet Çetin,18.Yüzyılda İzmir ve Çevresinde Para Tedavülü, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Arayışları

    Hüseyin Al and Mehmet Çetin · Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi53,79–116,p90; pp100–101 · Full PDF inspected pp90,100–101 fn62–63. Denomination relation does not alone prove distinct currency ancestry.

  61. S601 · Metin Coşgel, Ellen Nye and Emre Özer, Currency transition: the use of foreign coins and dollarization in seventeenth-century Ottoman Istanbul

    Metin Coşgel · pp6–7 foundation; pp7–8 methods; pp9–10 akçe persistence and Dutch account use · Full PDF inspected pp1–10; original quantitative research22,234currency observations1513–1710. Registers rarely distinguish accounting versus payment; paper combines both functions. Generic kuruş is classified foreign by research assumption, not proven identity.

  62. S638 · From subordination to integration: Romans in Frankish law, in Transformations of Romanness (2018), pp.345–369

    Lukas Bothe · Printed pp.346–349, especially p.347 notes14–17 and p.349 translation of Pactus41 · Chapter relevant pages, book title/contents and notes inspected from LoC PDF. Original legal-historical research reporting Grierson/Blackburn hypothesis; original numismatic argument not independently inspected. Dates of law formation differ from dates of extant textual witnesses.

  63. S639 · The Laws of the Salian Franks (University of Pennsylvania Press,1991)

    Katherine Fischer Drew · Printed pp.232–233, Pactus notes1,6,9; title/copyright page · Book transcription, editorial notes and bibliographical identity inspected. Mirror transcription of scholarly translation. Drew rejects a simple Roman/Carolingian identification of forty-denarius reckoning; do not treat one old interpretation as the final current verdict.

  64. S645 · Taxes, Taxpayers, and Tax Receipts in Early Ptolemaic Thebes (OIP 126, 2005)

    Brian P. Muhs · Printed pp.23–25, especially p.24 and note 133 · Official PDF downloaded; relevant chapter text and tables read. The book’s c.210 BCE copper reform chronology is not adopted here; later scholarship proposes 197 BCE. Pre-conquest equation is reported via Chauveau 2000, not independently re-edited.

  65. S646 · The Temple of Artemis at Sardis, Report 7 (2020), Chapter 3: Building History and Chronology

    Fikret Yegül, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis · Subsection Mnesimachos Inscription, notes 60–63 · Relevant substantive body read. Original contract, wall-copy and land-grant dates differ. Institutional continuity is not unit continuity.

  66. S651 · Monedas: historical introduction

    Banco Central de la República Dominicana · Historical paragraphs on1937national currency and continued US notes · Official body inspected by relationship reviewer; the underlying1937law not independently inspected.

  67. S653 · Portugal, Decreto n.º 12124, monetary reform of Angola

    primary legislation · Diário do Governo I series no.179, 16 August 1926; decree signed 14 August; printed pp.1023–1027 / PDF pp.1–5; preamble paragraph 12; annex Bases I and III · Official scan downloaded; PDF pp.1,4,5 visually inspected.

  68. S660 · Ley de 12 de septiembre de 1826: Dotación que deben gozar los que sustituyan á los diputados empleados

    Bolivian Constituent Congress; promulgated by Antonio José de Sucre · Articles 1–3; promulgation; Ficha Técnica / Origen · Complete substantive law and metadata inspected in retrieved XHTML; local cache atlantic25-cache/bo1826. Arts1–2 calculate substitute deputies’ remuneration with a 1,000-peso threshold/cap; art3 concerns salaries of 2,000 pesos or more. Enacted11 September and promulgated12 September1826. Transcription contains typographical/OCR errors; not an original scan or official current gazette. Adequate for clear denomination observations, not precise unverified coin-weight readings.

  69. S661 · Ley de29 de junio de1863, Ley de la Moneda Nacional

    Bolivian National Extraordinary Assembly; José María Achá · Articles2–3,7,9; Ficha Técnica / Origen · Full relevant articles inspected: boliviano also called peso fuerte; divided into100 centavos; article7 rates newly legislated money against current400-grain money at5:4; article9 specifies state-office receipts/payments in bolivianos or pesos of this decree. Visible OCR errors in denomination weights and names prevent literal use of suspect numerical details; article7 rates coin money, not an explicit general conversion of all earlier contracts. Complements existing S482; it is a different primary transcription, not a duplicate URL.

  70. S604 · Constitution and Laws of the Commonwealth of Liberia, Part First

    Commonwealth of Liberia; printed by Hilary Teage · Constitution article 28 and certification dated 14 January 1839 (HTML lines 229–234); An Act for the establishment of Courts, sections 2–4 (lines 267–279); Militia act section 11 (lines 615–617); An Act establishing an Uniform Currency, sections 1–4, printed pp.34–35 (lines 620–626) · Full HTML transcription inspected; constitutional certification and named statutory sections read. OCR has evident errors, so section locators take precedence over transcription pagination.

  71. S605 · Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, 1847

    Republic of Liberia · Article V, section 1; HTML lines 108–111 · Article V section 1 directly inspected in full HTML.