Frankish denier–livre reckoning
Frankish denier, solidus and livre reckoning: a post-Roman account tradition behind several later European currencies.
- Dates in use
- Introduction and ending not established
- Ancestry branch
- Roman solidus
Where this money came from
4 ancestors · 94 descendants. Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
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The story
The Roman connection follows continued solidus accounting through the shift from gold to silver money. The denier, solidus and livre are scales within this account tradition, not three separate currency ancestors. Regional branches developed in France, England and Iberia; the links identify ancestry without pretending that every intermediate stage is known. [1] [2] [3]
Turning points
Account unit observation
Liptines requires an annual solidus, defined as twelve denarii, per casada of retained church property; the text is dated 743–744. [4]
Account unit observation
Rovelli interprets the 755 reckoning as twelve denarii per account solidus. [5]
Account unit observation
By the 794 reform, the reckoning comprised 240 denarii, twenty solidi and an account pound. [6]
Sources and evidence
- Peter Spufford (1988) · Money and its Use in Medieval Europe, Cambridge University Press; Horst Lößlein · Solidus (2021), Formulae–Litterae–Chartae C1987 ↗
- Royal Mint Museum · Pounds, Shillings and Pence (undated); John Hines, The Antiquaries Journal 90 (2010), pp.153–173; DOI 10.1017/S0003581510000089 · Units of account in gold and silver in seventh-century England: scillingas, sceattas and pæningas; Rory Naismith, British Numismatic Journal 80 (2010), 76–106 · The Coinage of Offa Revisited C2097 ↗
- Miquel Crusafont, Anna M. Balaguer and Philip Grierson · Medieval European Coinage, volume 6 (2013) C1990 ↗
- Patrologia Latina 89, cols. 809–810, transcription · Concilium Liptinense, canon on ecclesiastical property; Capitularia, University of Cologne · Karlmanni principis capitulare Liptinense [BK 11] C1046 ↗
- Alessia Rovelli, in Rory Naismith (ed.), Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages (2018), pp. 63–92 · From the Fall of Rome to Charlemagne (c.400–800) C1026 ↗
- Alessia Rovelli, in Rory Naismith (ed.), Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages (2018), pp. 63–92 · From the Fall of Rome to Charlemagne (c.400–800) C1027 ↗
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“Frankish denier–livre reckoning.” The Family Tree of Money. © Field Technologies, Inc. Reader edition 2026-10-13; research dataset v44. https://familytreeofmoney.org/currency/T-FTM000560.html