Evidence coverage: AD 681–AD 681. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
No distinct successor currency is established in the loaded view.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
Visigothic Code VII.6.v imposes compensation of three gold solidi and a judicial payment of one-third solidus for refusing acceptable money. The translation is editorially dated c. 681; that approximate observation is not a currency foundation.
Sources and qualifications →Visigothic law and finance retained Roman solidus accounting after local solidus coin production ceased. Admit a regional continuation, with its differentiation chronology unresolved.
Sources and qualifications →The reviewed evidence does not settle Visigothic-to-Astur-Leonese or Galician account continuity, nor the immediate León-to-Portugal identity boundary. Retain these as unresolved questions, not evidence of unrelated origins.
Sources and qualifications →Todesca proposes Frankish denarii behind some Galician and Astur-Leonese silver reckoning, but presents this as a hypothesis. The name gallicanus, possible French coins and twelve-part accounting do not settle which predecessor unit was inherited. The Visigothic-to-northwestern-Iberian boundary therefore remains open; neither a disconnected origin nor extinction is inferred.
Sources and qualifications →Kurt identifies Roman gold coinage as the Visigothic starting point and describes close early imitation. He discusses prestige alongside fiscal and other uses. The admitted Roman-to-Visigothic account ancestry rests additionally on continued solidus reckoning; visual imitation is corroboration, and a universal legitimacy motive is not assumed.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Visigothic Code VII.6.v imposes compensation of three gold solidi and a judicial payment of one-third solidus for refusing acceptable money. The translation is editorially dated c. 681; that approximate observation is not a currency foundation.
C1986Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
Visigothic Code VII.6.v imposes compensation of three gold solidi and a judicial payment of one-third solidus for refusing acceptable money. The translation is editorially dated c. 681; that approximate observation is not a currency foundation.
VII.6.v; Zeumer edition pp. 309–310
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Modernized English translation and editorial approximate date inspected; not the Latin manuscript.
Visigothic law and finance retained Roman solidus accounting after local solidus coin production ceased. Admit a regional continuation, with its differentiation chronology unresolved.
pp. 168, 178–180, notes 24–31
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The reviewed evidence does not settle Visigothic-to-Astur-Leonese or Galician account continuity, nor the immediate León-to-Portugal identity boundary. Retain these as unresolved questions, not evidence of unrelated origins.
pp. 61–63, 178–184, especially 179–180 and notes 40–43; pp. 168, 178–180, notes 24–31
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
pp. 61–63, 178–184, especially 179–180 and notes 40–43; pp. 168, 178–180, notes 24–31
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Todesca proposes Frankish denarii behind some Galician and Astur-Leonese silver reckoning, but presents this as a hypothesis. The name gallicanus, possible French coins and twelve-part accounting do not settle which predecessor unit was inherited. The Visigothic-to-northwestern-Iberian boundary therefore remains open; neither a disconnected origin nor extinction is inferred.
Printed pp. 49–55, especially pp. 50–54: competing readings of gallicanus, silver-account charters, and conditional Frankish-coin hypothesis; Printed pp. 168–170 and 178–180; Roman models, proposed functions, and continued solidus accounting
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Printed pp. 49–55, especially pp. 50–54: competing readings of gallicanus, silver-account charters, and conditional Frankish-coin hypothesis; Printed pp. 168–170 and 178–180; Roman models, proposed functions, and continued solidus accounting
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Kurt identifies Roman gold coinage as the Visigothic starting point and describes close early imitation. He discusses prestige alongside fiscal and other uses. The admitted Roman-to-Visigothic account ancestry rests additionally on continued solidus reckoning; visual imitation is corroboration, and a universal legitimacy motive is not assumed.
Printed pp. 168–170 and 178–180; Roman models, proposed functions, and continued solidus accounting
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.