Where did this money come from?
Indian rupee
A history told through its predecessors and the currencies that followed.
5 ancestors26 descendantsEstablished connections in this atlas
Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
DocumentedQualified
This currency also received later contributions, distinguished below from its origins.
The incoming line
All 5 ancestors shown. Predecessors lead down to the selected currency. Later contributions join an existing currency; they do not establish its origin.
Predecessor1700–1794
Mughal rupee–dam accountingQualified · Intervening stages openLater contribution1818–1835
Madras pagoda–fanam accountingQualified · Later contributionLater contribution1793–1802
Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee accountDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1835–1838
Calcutta sicca rupeeDocumentedLater contribution1955
Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupeeDocumented · Later contributionThis currencyINR
Indian rupeeDates, conversion terms and evidence 5 connections
Calcutta sicca rupee Indian rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee Indian rupee
1955DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account Calcutta sicca rupee
1793–1802DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Mughal rupee–dam accounting Calcutta sicca rupee
Evidence period: 1700–1794QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Madras pagoda–fanam accounting Indian rupee
Evidence period: 1818–1835QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗What followed
12 direct successors or branches connected to this currency.
This currencyINR
Indian rupeeSuccessor or branch
Kenya and Uganda florin1920Documented1 Kenya and Uganda florin = 1 INR
Successor or branchPKR
Pakistani rupeeSuccessor or branchKWD
Kuwaiti dinarShow 9 more successors
Successor or branchBHD
Bahraini dinar1965Documented10 INR = 1 BHD
Successor or branchOMR
Omani rialSuccessor or branchIQD
Iraqi dinarSuccessor or branchBTN
Bhutanese ngultrumSuccessor or branchLKR
Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupeeSuccessor or branchMMK
Myanmar kyatSuccessor or branchMUR
Mauritian rupeeSuccessor or branch
Qatar and Dubai riyalSuccessor or branch
German East African rupee–pesa accountingEvidence period: 1890–1904QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Keep going forwardExplore all 26 descendants +
The complete outgoing line
Follow successors and branches straight forward. Other parents of a descendant are not added to this path.
This currencyINR
Indian rupeeSuccessor or branch1872–1949
Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupeeDocumentedSuccessor or branch1877–1934
Mauritian rupeeDocumentedSuccessor or branch1890–1904
German East African rupee–pesa accountingQualified · Intervening stages openSuccessor or branch1914–1947
Seychellois rupeeDocumentedSuccessor or branch1920
Kenya and Uganda florinDocumentedMultiple connections
East African shilling2 connections · Includes later contributions · Includes qualified linksSuccessor or branch1932
Iraqi dinarDocumentedSuccessor or branch1937–1947
Myanmar kyatDocumentedSuccessor or branch1945
Ethiopian birrDocumentedSuccessor or branch1947
Maldivian rufiyaaDocumentedSuccessor or branch1947–1948
Pakistani rupeeDocumentedSuccessor or branch1961
Kuwaiti dinarDocumentedLater absorption1961
Somali shillingDocumented · Later contributionSuccessor or branch1965
Bahraini dinarDocumentedSuccessor or branch1965
South Arabian / South Yemeni dinarDocumentedSuccessor or branch1966
Kenyan shillingDocumentedSuccessor or branch1966
Qatar and Dubai riyalDocumentedSuccessor or branch1966
Tanzanian shillingDocumentedSuccessor or branch1966–1967
Ugandan shillingDocumentedSuccessor or branch1970
Omani rialDocumentedSuccessor or branch1972
Bangladeshi takaDocumentedSuccessor or branch1973
Qatari riyalDocumentedMultiple connectionsAED
UAE dirham2 connectionsSuccessor or branch1974
Bhutanese ngultrumDocumentedLater absorption1990–1996
Yemeni rialDocumented · Later contributionSuccessor or branch1997
Eritrean nakfaDocumentedDates, conversion terms and evidence 28 connections
East African shilling Kenyan shilling
1966Documented1 KES = 1 East African shillingKenya shillings per regional shilling under historical exchange provisions; further exchange periods and damaged cash separately qualified.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Tanzanian shilling
1966Documented1 TZS = 1 East African shillingOne Tanzanian shilling for one East African shilling under s.36; old tender and exchange windows separately governed by ss.33–34.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Kenya and Uganda florin
1920Documented1 Kenya and Uganda florin = 1 INRFlorins per former local rupee for covered contract references; not a universal cash withdrawal.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Kenya and Uganda florin East African shilling
1922Documented2 East African shilling = 1 Kenya and Uganda florinShillings per florin; covered obligations and surviving cash valued under principal order as amended.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Pakistani rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Pakistani rupee Bangladeshi taka
1972Documented1 PKR = 1 BDTBangladesh’s taka succeeded the Pakistani rupee at equal unit value. Year precision distinguishes the accounting transition from first national banknote issue.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Kuwaiti dinar
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Bahraini dinar
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Qatar and Dubai riyal Qatari riyal
1973Documented1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 QARQatar continued with a separate riyal at par after the joint issue ended.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Qatar and Dubai riyal UAE dirham
1973Documented1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 AEDQatar–Dubai riyals converted into UAE dirhams at par. The non-Abu Dhabi branch; day precision remains unresolved.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Bahraini dinar UAE dirham
1973Documented0.1 BHD = 1 AEDAbu Dhabi converted Bahraini dinars into ten UAE dirhams each. Territorial adoption, not replacement of Bahrain’s currency in Bahrain.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Omani rial
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Ugandan shilling
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Iraqi dinar
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Bhutanese ngultrum
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Ethiopian birr Eritrean nakfa
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Mauritian rupee Seychellois rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Somali shilling
1961DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling Ethiopian birr
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar Yemeni rial
1990–1996DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Myanmar kyat
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Mauritian rupee
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee Maldivian rufiyaa
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee Qatar and Dubai riyal
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East African shilling South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Indian rupee German East African rupee–pesa accounting
Evidence period: 1890–1904QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German East African rupee–pesa accounting East African shilling
1922QualifiedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗