Evidence coverage: 1911–2002. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Source review establishes a continuing account unit; local issues and naming epochs remain profile evidence.
These stages belong to this profile, not separate branches.
Guineaterritorialuse: publicandprivatelegalaccounts adoptmetropolitanescudosystem from1914; locallycalledGuineanescudo before1976peso replacement. Territorialissuer andbanknotedesigns retainedasprofileevidence.
Sources and qualifications →Portuguese Guinea public accounts and private legal documents expressly adopted metropolitan escudo reckoning under1913law effective1January1914. This supplies the inherited account system; exact independent regionalunit boundary remains unresolved.
Sources and qualifications →1913law mandates metropolitan-system publicaccounts from1914 and equivalents in private documents; territorialescudo adoption is explicit. Account adoption firm; law alone doesnot prove newlydistinct regionalunit. Preserve profilepending independentboundary evidence.
Sources and qualifications →1913law mandates metropolitan-system publicaccounts from1914 and equivalents in private documents; territorialescudo adoption is explicit. Account adoption firm; law alone doesnot prove newlydistinct regionalunit. Preserve profilepending independentboundary evidence.
Sources and qualifications →TerritorialGuineanescudo preceded1976peso reform.
Sources and qualifications →Guinea includedin1913law public/privateaccount adoption ofmetropolitanescudoreckoning; separate regionalidentity boundary notthereby fixed.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Guineaterritorialuse: publicandprivatelegalaccounts adoptmetropolitanescudosystem from1914; locallycalledGuineanescudo before1976peso replacement. Territorialissuer andbanknotedesigns retainedasprofileevidence.
C1508TerritorialGuineanescudo preceded1976peso reform.
C1442Guinea includedin1913law public/privateaccount adoption ofmetropolitanescudoreckoning; separate regionalidentity boundary notthereby fixed.
C1460Includes dated issues, standards, subdivisions and institutional changes. Each event retains the source's date qualifications.
1 EUR = 200.482 PTE. Portugal: euro adoption 1999-01-01; cash 2002-01-01. Regulation 974/98 substitutes the euro for each participating state’s currency on its adoption date; cash changeover is separately defined.
C682, C683, C646Portugal: euro adoption 1999-01-01; cash 2002-01-01.
C683Portugal established the escudo at one thousand réis per escudo.
C1011Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
1 EUR = 200.482 PTE.
art.1, Portugal currency row; exact decimal retained
Article 2’s original 1999 commencement does not backdate later-added currencies.
Country-specific dates come from the separate 974/98 annex.
Portugal: euro adoption 1999-01-01; cash 2002-01-01.
Annex, Portugal row; arts.2–3 provide substitution
Consolidation, not an as-made 1998 text.
National short cash-withdrawal periods and every accession amendment were not individually audited.
Portugal established the escudo at one thousand réis per escudo.
Page 5: real attributed to Duarte in 1435; 22 May 1911 escudo reform at 1000 réis
The 1435 attribution is used as an attestation by that year, not a claim that no earlier real coins existed.
Medieval coin and account-unit epochs remain expandable.
Relevant indexed passage inspected in revision 16; Page 5: real attributed to Duarte in 1435; 22 May 1911 escudo reform at 1000 réis
The 1913 law expressly imports metropolitan account rules and requires equivalence of existing obligations; represent a qualified Portuguese-system regional branch into Mozambique, with unresolved earlier territorial differentiation. This is account adoption, not inferred solely from a peg. 1911–1914 is a legal-adoption window, not first circulation. Do not treat the Chartered Company territory as covered by every later state-administered monetary reform.
Corrected interpretation: Revision 27 supplies a new evidence basis for R-V25-005. Account adoption firm; law alone doesnot prove newlydistinct regionalunit. Preserve profilepending independentboundary evidence. Replacement evidence: C1583.
Diário do Governo no.219, printed pp.3540–3541 / PDF pp.4–5; preamble; article 1 and §§1–2; articles 3 and 5; Algeria pp.16–17 / PDF 21–22; Angola p 17 / PDF 22; Mozambique p 85 / PDF 90; Nyasaland p 92 / PDF 97; Northern and Southern Rhodesia pp 104–105 / PDF 109–110; Dutch colonial systems p 85 / PDF 90
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Diário do Governo no.219, printed pp.3540–3541 / PDF pp.4–5; preamble; article 1 and §§1–2; articles 3 and 5; Algeria pp.16–17 / PDF 21–22; Angola p 17 / PDF 22; Mozambique p 85 / PDF 90; Nyasaland p 92 / PDF 97; Northern and Southern Rhodesia pp 104–105 / PDF 109–110; Dutch colonial systems p 85 / PDF 90
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Connect São Tomé’s local escudo account profile to the explicitly adopted metropolitan monetary system, qualified for unresolved earlier local history.
Corrected interpretation: Revision 27 supplies a new evidence basis for R-V25-006. Account adoption firm; law alone doesnot prove newlydistinct regionalunit. Preserve profilepending independentboundary evidence. Replacement evidence: C1584.
Diário do Governo no.219, printed pp.3540–3541 / PDF pp.4–5; preamble; article 1 and §§1–2; articles 3 and 5
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Guineaterritorialuse: publicandprivatelegalaccounts adoptmetropolitanescudosystem from1914; locallycalledGuineanescudo before1976peso replacement. Territorialissuer andbanknotedesigns retainedasprofileevidence.
Decreto141art1;1982report2.28;1976memorandum5
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Decreto141art1;1982report2.28;1976memorandum5
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Decreto141art1;1982report2.28;1976memorandum5
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Portuguese Guinea public accounts and private legal documents expressly adopted metropolitan escudo reckoning under1913law effective1January1914. This supplies the inherited account system; exact independent regionalunit boundary remains unresolved.
Decreto141,article1 and paragraphs1–2; articles3,5
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
1913law mandates metropolitan-system publicaccounts from1914 and equivalents in private documents; territorialescudo adoption is explicit.
printedpp3540–3541,article1; prior territorial25.json
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
1913law mandates metropolitan-system publicaccounts from1914 and equivalents in private documents; territorialescudo adoption is explicit.
printedpp3540–3541,article1; prior territorial25.json
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
InFebruary1976Guinea-Bissau replaced territorialescudo reckoning withits own newprincipalunit,peso. Scope isGuinea-Bissau,not a globalend ofPortugueseescudo.
Folder1771066,printed2/PDF7,paragraph5; Printed27/PDF47,paragraph2.28;preceding2.23
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Folder1771066,printed2/PDF7,paragraph5; Printed27/PDF47,paragraph2.28;preceding2.23
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Angolar succeeds escudo accounting adopted locally from the metropolitan system in 1914; the1926act explicitly replaces the existing local escudo account unit. This compresses the intervening regional separation, without creating an issuer-only1914node or asserting conversion of metropolitan obligations.
1913art1;1926BasesI,III
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
1913art1;1926BasesI,III
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Official scan previously visually inspected PDF1,4,5; BaseI independently retrieved again as full indexed passage.
TerritorialGuineanescudo preceded1976peso reform.
Printed27/PDF47,paragraph2.28;preceding2.23
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Guinea includedin1913law public/privateaccount adoption ofmetropolitanescudoreckoning; separate regionalidentity boundary notthereby fixed.
printedpp3540–3541,article1; prior territorial25.json
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Regulation 974/98 substitutes the euro for each participating state’s currency on its adoption date; cash changeover is separately defined.
arts.1, 1a, 2–3
Consolidation, not an as-made 1998 text.
National short cash-withdrawal periods and every accession amendment were not individually audited.