Evidence coverage: 1524–1957. This is the span of collected observations, not the currency’s lifetime.
This record includes associated currencies and earlier interpretations. The article selects the evidence relevant to its own history.
Account-unit continuity supported by the revision 25 source review; a naming, issuer or scale change does not supply a distinct ancestor.
No distinct predecessor currency is established in the loaded view.
These stages belong to this profile, not separate branches.
Evidence within this identity, not separate currencies.
The 14 November 1885 decree defines Egypt’s pound as 100 piastres and temporarily retains earlier silver at official tariff.
Sources and qualifications →Alleaume identifies a Majlis-i Mülkiyye decree of 14 April 1836 establishing a bimetallic reform and tariff. The study also reproduces an 1834 tariff in paras. These milestones do not themselves establish the identity boundary between earlier Egyptian para accounting and the continuing pound.
Sources and qualifications →Browne’s Egyptian observations of 1792–1798 describe public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras, also called medines. This is dated local accounting evidence, not a currency founding date.
Sources and qualifications →The 1834 reform retained a silver piastre divided into forty paras; the 1885 reform expressed the pound as one hundred piastres and changed the smaller subdivisions. Continuity of the nineteenth-century local account system is supported.
Sources and qualifications →Egyptian medin/para accounting attested in 1524 is grouped with the later local piastre/pound identity as a qualified continuity inference. Late-eighteenth-century medin/para prices and nineteenth-century piastre subdivisions bridge the scales; unresolved regional details are not presented as a complete legal sequence.
Sources and qualifications →Clot-Bey in 1840 describes the Egyptian piastre as forty paras and lists both older para/piastre issues and current larger piastre denominations within the same system.
Sources and qualifications →Foreign sovereigns were valued in Egyptian piastres under official tariffs. Their circulation and later sterling alignment do not establish a British-pound origin for Egyptian accounting.
Sources and qualifications →Libya’s Currency Law expressly converts existing Cyrenaican Egyptian-pound obligations into Libyan pounds; the 11 March 1952 announcement supplies 97.5 Egyptian piastres per Libyan pound. Regional limitation remains: this is the Cyrenaica predecessor, with separate Tripolitania and Fezzan parents.
Sources and qualifications →The new Syrian-Lebanese currency replaced the Egyptian currency used under the postwar occupation. The common unit is documented from 1920 and formalized in the 1924 concession. Issuer authoritative history explicitly identifies replacement; no claim that a French-franc peg supplies the Egyptian ancestry.
Sources and qualifications →Sudan replaced Egyptian currency with its own pound in 1957 at parity; the Currency Board exchanged Egyptian notes from 8 April to 7 July and subsequently coins, assuming the earlier government coin liability. Documented actual monetary replacement, not inference from a sterling peg. Exact cash windows do not define every obligation.
Sources and qualifications →The Egyptian tribute target was stated as 30 million medins in 1631–1632. This is fiscal account evidence within the earlier medin/para profile. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Mordecai Halevi’s debt ruling treats medin as the account measure for prices, wages and repayment; a medin-denominated loan remains nominal despite altered coin weight. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Abraham Halevi distinguishes government accounts kept in medins from payments in gold or foreign silver, and adjudicates medin-denominated debts through a coin replacement. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Sources and qualifications →Debt adjudication fills the seventeenth-century gap in the existing medin/para–piastre–pound profile. Retain 1524 as qualified earliest association; add the dated fiscal and debt observations without making them currency births.
Sources and qualifications →Egyptian documents used a fictive riyal of 90 paras for transactions and government accounts, expressly distinguishing it from circulating foreign coins.
Sources and qualifications →The Egyptian piastre represented 40 paras; government accounts increasingly used piastres toward mid-century. The purse represented 20,000 paras or 500 piastres.
Sources and qualifications →The 14 November 1885 decree expressly defines the Egyptian monetary unit as the pound, divided into 100 piastres, with 10 tenths per piastre. Earlier Egyptian silver remained receivable under its official tariff during withdrawal.
Sources and qualifications →Egypt’s medin was restored as the local unit of account in 1524. The documented para–piastre–pound account sequence supports its inclusion in the continuing Egyptian profile.
Sources and qualifications →Retain medin/para, piastre and pound within the existing Egyptian account identity. Cuno supplies the missing explicit documentary-account bridge from paras and 90-para riyals into piastre accounts; later pound reckoning retains the piastre as subdivision.
Sources and qualifications →No separate Egyptian-piastre node is needed solely because the principal account scale moved from para/piastre reckoning to pounds.
Sources and qualifications →Dated evidence, not exact birth or extinction dates.
Browne’s Egyptian observations of 1792–1798 describe public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras, also called medines. This is dated local accounting evidence, not a currency founding date.
C1289The 1834 reform retained a silver piastre divided into forty paras; the 1885 reform expressed the pound as one hundred piastres and changed the smaller subdivisions. Continuity of the nineteenth-century local account system is supported.
C1290Egyptian medin/para accounting attested in 1524 is grouped with the later local piastre/pound identity as a qualified continuity inference. Late-eighteenth-century medin/para prices and nineteenth-century piastre subdivisions bridge the scales; unresolved regional details are not presented as a complete legal sequence.
C1291The Egyptian tribute target was stated as 30 million medins in 1631–1632. This is fiscal account evidence within the earlier medin/para profile. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
C1754Mordecai Halevi’s debt ruling treats medin as the account measure for prices, wages and repayment; a medin-denominated loan remains nominal despite altered coin weight. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
C1755Abraham Halevi distinguishes government accounts kept in medins from payments in gold or foreign silver, and adjudicates medin-denominated debts through a coin replacement. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
C1756Egyptian documents used a fictive riyal of 90 paras for transactions and government accounts, expressly distinguishing it from circulating foreign coins.
C1864The Egyptian piastre represented 40 paras; government accounts increasingly used piastres toward mid-century. The purse represented 20,000 paras or 500 piastres.
C1865The 14 November 1885 decree expressly defines the Egyptian monetary unit as the pound, divided into 100 piastres, with 10 tenths per piastre. Earlier Egyptian silver remained receivable under its official tariff during withdrawal.
C1866Egypt’s medin was restored as the local unit of account in 1524. The documented para–piastre–pound account sequence supports its inclusion in the continuing Egyptian profile.
C1880Includes dated issues, standards, subdivisions and institutional changes. Each event retains the source's date qualifications.
The National Bank of Egypt first issued banknotes on 3 April 1899, according to the central bank's currency history.
C546Dated observations, not a proven complete lifespan.
The National Bank of Egypt first issued banknotes on 3 April 1899, according to the central bank's currency history.
Indexed Historical Introduction, first-banknote sentence
Recover the full source and original note concession; earlier pound coinage and unit legislation remain distinct.
Relevant indexed source passage inspected; full-body retrieval failed or yielded a script/block page.
Egyptian pound → Libyan pound, Cyrenaica, 1952.
LYD entry, currency history; Bundesbank PDF, 24 September 2025 edition.
Historical reference, not a 2026 legal-status audit.
Only selected country milestones used.
LYD entry, currency history; Bundesbank PDF, 24 September 2025 edition.
The Banque de Syrie currency succeeded Egyptian currency under the French mandate. The link compresses the initial Syrian/shared Syrian-Lebanese stages and remains qualified.
Corrected interpretation: Revision 27 supplies a new evidence basis for R-V22-043. Issuer authoritative history explicitly identifies replacement; no claim that a French-franc peg supplies the Egyptian ancestry. Replacement evidence: C1625.
Evolution of Lebanese Currency, 1964 entry
Reconcile the page's 1937 separate-currency narrative with its later summary; inspect 1937/1939 and 1948 agreements before fixing pound identity.
The 14 November 1885 decree defines Egypt’s pound as 100 piastres and temporarily retains earlier silver at official tariff.
printed pp385–386; PDF index153–154, Articles1,17
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Alleaume identifies a Majlis-i Mülkiyye decree of 14 April 1836 establishing a bimetallic reform and tariff. The study also reproduces an 1834 tariff in paras. These milestones do not themselves establish the identity boundary between earlier Egyptian para accounting and the continuing pound.
Chapter 11, pp.209–214, especially p.211 and notes 13–16; Appendix II, p.219
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Egyptian pound as actually used in Sudan replaced at parity by first Sudanese pound. Original1964 study supports local currency settlement and account-series continuity; exact1956Act uninspected. Original article passages retrieved from index, not complete download. Date1957 versus1956note dating must be kept separate.
Corrected interpretation: Revision 27 supplies a new evidence basis for R-V25-014. Documented actual monetary replacement, not inference from a sterling peg. Exact cash windows do not define every obligation. Replacement evidence: C1627.
p.150 footnote1; p.169 currency settlement; money-supply table5 and table notes in HTML counterpart
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Indexed primary scholarly passages inspected via search retrieval; direct full PDF/HTML requests blocked403.
Browne’s Egyptian observations of 1792–1798 describe public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras, also called medines. This is dated local accounting evidence, not a currency founding date.
Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1834 reform retained a silver piastre divided into forty paras; the 1885 reform expressed the pound as one hundred piastres and changed the smaller subdivisions. Continuity of the nineteenth-century local account system is supported.
Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Egyptian medin/para accounting attested in 1524 is grouped with the later local piastre/pound identity as a qualified continuity inference. Late-eighteenth-century medin/para prices and nineteenth-century piastre subdivisions bridge the scales; unresolved regional details are not presented as a complete legal sequence.
Corrected interpretation: The documentary para/piastre account bridge now supports the local identity grouping; reconstructed responsum dates remain qualified. Replacement evidence: C1884.
Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected; Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected; Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected; Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Egypt government chapter, printed pp58–60: public allocations in piastres and expenses in paras/medines; Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected; Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Egypt’s medin, called para in the 1524 code, remained its leading account unit into the eighteenth century.
pp95–96,159–165,177,208
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Pamuk describes the Egyptian medin/para as an account unit retained under Ottoman rule and continuing into the late eighteenth century. Local links to Istanbul money and later standard reforms do not by themselves identify a distinct predecessor transition to EGP.
Pamuk, pp.95–96 and 175–178
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Clot-Bey in 1840 describes the Egyptian piastre as forty paras and lists both older para/piastre issues and current larger piastre denominations within the same system.
Printed p560, chXVI§4; PDFp568, scan visually inspected
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Foreign sovereigns were valued in Egyptian piastres under official tariffs. Their circulation and later sterling alignment do not establish a British-pound origin for Egyptian accounting.
Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Printed pp49–69, especially53,61–66; 1834piastre and1885pound legislation
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Libya’s Currency Law expressly converts existing Cyrenaican Egyptian-pound obligations into Libyan pounds; the 11 March 1952 announcement supplies 97.5 Egyptian piastres per Libyan pound.
Articles 10–13; Operative conversion rates under Currency Law sections 12,13,24
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full Arabic primary-law transcription inspected.
Articles 10–13; Operative conversion rates under Currency Law sections 12,13,24
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The new Syrian-Lebanese currency replaced the Egyptian currency used under the postwar occupation. The common unit is documented from 1920 and formalized in the 1924 concession.
Evolution of Lebanese Currency, 1964 entry; Printed pp31–35, paragraphs 96–104; PDF pages41–45
Reconcile the page's 1937 separate-currency narrative with its later summary; inspect 1937/1939 and 1948 agreements before fixing pound identity.
Evolution of Lebanese Currency, 1964 entry; Printed pp31–35, paragraphs 96–104; PDF pages41–45
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Sudan replaced Egyptian currency with its own pound in 1957 at parity; the Currency Board exchanged Egyptian notes from 8 April to 7 July and subsequently coins, assuming the earlier government coin liability.
Printed pp213–215 (South Arabia); pp228–229 (Sudan); p.150 footnote1; p.169 currency settlement; money-supply table5 and table notes in HTML counterpart
Underlying annual reports and ordinances not independently inspected.
Gambia coin date conflicts with the indexed central-bank account.
Institutional liquidation is not currency termination.
Printed pp213–215 (South Arabia); pp228–229 (Sudan); p.150 footnote1; p.169 currency settlement; money-supply table5 and table notes in HTML counterpart
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Indexed primary scholarly passages inspected via search retrieval; direct full PDF/HTML requests blocked403.
The Palestine pound succeeded Egyptian-pound accounting locally: the 1927 Currency Order establishes the new default contractual unit and expressly permits discharge of Egyptian-pound obligations at 1 Palestine pound = 0.975 Egyptian pound. Currency issue began 1 November 1927, with the Egyptian-cash transition continuing into March 1928.
Currency Order 1927 sections 1 and 4; Krus/Schuler Palestine section
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Full PDF and substantive primary-law transcription inspected.
Currency Order 1927 sections 1 and 4; Krus/Schuler Palestine section
Underlying annual reports and ordinances not independently inspected.
Gambia coin date conflicts with the indexed central-bank account.
Institutional liquidation is not currency termination.
The Egyptian tribute target was stated as 30 million medins in 1631–1632. This is fiscal account evidence within the earlier medin/para profile. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Section 7.3, p 15, citingShaw 1962 pp 283–312
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Mordecai Halevi’s debt ruling treats medin as the account measure for prices, wages and repayment; a medin-denominated loan remains nominal despite altered coin weight. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Section 7.3, pp 15–20; Darchei noamII 24
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Abraham Halevi distinguishes government accounts kept in medins from payments in gold or foreign silver, and adjudicates medin-denominated debts through a coin replacement. The ruling date is reconstructed. Association with the modern currency profile remains qualified. Association with the later continuous currency identity remains qualified.
Section 7.4, pp 23–30; Ginat veradimIV, IV:1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Debt adjudication fills the seventeenth-century gap in the existing medin/para–piastre–pound profile. Retain 1524 as qualified earliest association; add the dated fiscal and debt observations without making them currency births.
Corrected interpretation: The documentary para/piastre account bridge now supports the local identity grouping; reconstructed responsum dates remain qualified. Replacement evidence: C1884.
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Institutional CeAlex scan downloaded; printed p 560 visually inspected and OCR compared.
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Responsa insections 7.3–7.4; existing late-eighteenth/1834/1885 anchors
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Egyptian documents used a fictive riyal of 90 paras for transactions and government accounts, expressly distinguishing it from circulating foreign coins.
Appendix2 p.211, opening paragraphs
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The Egyptian piastre represented 40 paras; government accounts increasingly used piastres toward mid-century. The purse represented 20,000 paras or 500 piastres.
Appendix2 p.211
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 14 November 1885 decree expressly defines the Egyptian monetary unit as the pound, divided into 100 piastres, with 10 tenths per piastre. Earlier Egyptian silver remained receivable under its official tariff during withdrawal.
Printed pp.385–386, arts1,17
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Egypt’s medin was restored as the local unit of account in 1524. The documented para–piastre–pound account sequence supports its inclusion in the continuing Egyptian profile.
Schiffman section 2, p. 6; Cuno Appendix 2, p. 211; 1885 decree article 1. This is a scholarly account attestation, not a first-coin or founding date.
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Schiffman section 2, p. 6; Cuno Appendix 2, p. 211; 1885 decree article 1. This is a scholarly account attestation, not a first-coin or founding date.
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Schiffman section 2, p. 6; Cuno Appendix 2, p. 211; 1885 decree article 1. This is a scholarly account attestation, not a first-coin or founding date.
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
Retain medin/para, piastre and pound within the existing Egyptian account identity. Cuno supplies the missing explicit documentary-account bridge from paras and 90-para riyals into piastre accounts; later pound reckoning retains the piastre as subdivision.
Cuno Appendix2 p.211; Schiffman §§2,7.3–7.4; Pamuk pp.95–96;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Cuno Appendix2 p.211; Schiffman §§2,7.3–7.4; Pamuk pp.95–96;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
The 1631–1632 tribute datum is drawn from Shaw 1962, not independently inspected ledger.
Cuno Appendix2 p.211; Schiffman §§2,7.3–7.4; Pamuk pp.95–96;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Inherited inspected evidence from published v 27, metadata reviewed in this pass: Relevant passages inspected from complete scholarly book mirror; primary original scholarship; use publisher bibliographic identity
Cuno Appendix2 p.211; Schiffman §§2,7.3–7.4; Pamuk pp.95–96;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.
No separate Egyptian-piastre node is needed solely because the principal account scale moved from para/piastre reckoning to pounds.
Cuno Appendix2 p.211;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Cuno Appendix2 p.211;1885decree art1
Not a complete origin, lifespan or current-status audit.
Screenshot requests returned references but no usable image content; rely on accessible transcription.