Other monetary histories
Money took
many forms.
Silver, cacao, salt and cowries open different windows onto the history of accounts. Each has a place in the atlas, whether or not a later connection is established.
Old Babylonian silver accounts
Silver before coins
Amounts of silver expressed obligations long before coinage.
Open this history ↗Tlaxcala cacao accounting
Cacao in accounts
Explore a monetary history measured in cacao.
Open this history ↗Southern New England
Wampum reckoning
A local account tradition with its own evidence and open questions.
Open this history ↗Northern Ethiopian amole
Accounts in salt
Discover the amole as a way of reckoning value.
Open this history ↗Asante gold accounts
Gold and reckoning
Follow the evidence for a West African account tradition.
Open this history ↗Odisha / Orissa
Cowries in accounts
Explore cowrie accounting in eastern India.
Open this history ↗Keep exploring
Connections still to be established.
These are complete currency entries, including currencies still in use. Their unconnected position describes the evidence in this atlas, not their importance or ultimate origin.
Achaemenid daric payment unitHistorical account ↗Balinese cash / pisis accountingHistorical account ↗Balinese masaka accountingHistorical account ↗Bombay xeraphin accountingHistorical account ↗Buganda simbi / kiasa reckoningHistorical account ↗Cambodian bat–ligature legal accountingHistorical account ↗Cambodian rielKHR · current currency ↗Central Mexican quachtli reckoningHistorical account ↗Cochin panam / fanam accountingHistorical account ↗Congo state-regulated mitako reckoningHistorical account ↗Cordoban dinar-dirham accountingHistorical account ↗East African coastal doti-merikani reckoningHistorical account ↗Ephesian Artemision gold account unitHistorical account ↗Galician solidus accountingHistorical account ↗Gambia River trade barHistorical account ↗Govardhana / Nasik kahapana accountHistorical account ↗Granadan dirham–dinar / pesante reckoningHistorical account ↗Halifax pound of accountHistorical account ↗Hellenistic Sardian chrysous accountHistorical account ↗Kongo nzimbu reckoningHistorical account ↗Kove tambu obligation reckoningHistorical account ↗Laguna kati–suwarna debt accountingHistorical account ↗New Jersey provincial pound of accountHistorical account ↗Newfoundland dollarHistorical account ↗Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal accountingHistorical account ↗Old Assyrian silver reckoning at KaneshHistorical account ↗Old Javanese masa–suwarna accountingHistorical account ↗Ottoman Levantine sultani gold accountHistorical account ↗Pennsylvania pound of accountHistorical account ↗Qin cash (qian) fiscal accountingHistorical account ↗Ramesside copper-deben value reckoningHistorical account ↗Rob gold-dinar legal accountingHistorical account ↗Tang cash / guan accountingHistorical account ↗Thai bahtTHB · current currency ↗Tibetan tangka accountingHistorical account ↗Tolai tambu reckoningHistorical account ↗Travancore Sirkar rupeeHistorical account ↗Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoningHistorical account ↗Upper Burmese kyat debt reckoningHistorical account ↗Ur III Girsu barley-gur reckoningHistorical account ↗Ur III Umma silver-shekel reckoningHistorical account ↗Venetian banco ducat — Banco del Giro accountsHistorical account ↗Virginia pound of accountHistorical account ↗