The Family Tree of Money
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Spanish real / pesoSterlingFrench francIndian rupeeRussian rublePrussian thalerRoman solidusAttic drachma

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Filtered by dated evidence, with connected predecessors retained. Observation dates do not establish a currency’s full lifetime.

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The Family Tree of Money2600 BC600 BCAD 1AD 800150018001900195020002026Dated evidence in AD 800–1800; connected predecessors retained.FIND YOUR CURRENCYUndatedRUPEE & RELATED BRANCHESIRANIAN HISTORIESANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN & NEAR EASTEAST ASIAN LINEAGESSOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORIESREAL, DOLLAR & PESOIBERIAN ACCOUNT HISTORIESOTTOMAN & RELATED BRANCHESFRANKISH, FRANC & RELATED BRANCHESAFRICAN & PACIFIC ACCOUNT SYSTEMSEURO & OTHER EUROPEAN ACCOUNTSTHALER & GUILDERRUBLE LINEAGESSTERLING & RELATED BRANCHESINDIGENOUS AMERICAN ACCOUNTSLivre tournois → French franc — 1795 to euro conversion · replaced byIrish pound — pre-1826 account unit → Pound sterling · absorbed into existing currencyEstonian interwar currency — mark and kroon → Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · absorbed into existing currencyGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Lithuanian litas — interwar currency · currency replacementLithuanian litas — interwar currency → Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · absorbed into existing currencyAustrian gulden — pre-1892 unit → Austro-Hungarian krone · currency replacementAustro-Hungarian krone → Austrian krone — post-imperial currency · territorial currency separationAustrian krone — post-imperial currency → Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · currency replacementAustrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · absorbed into existing currencyPrussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · multiple currency unificationSouth German florin — nineteenth-century unit → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · multiple currency unificationFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Livre tournois · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Livre parisis · regional currency continuitySwedish riksdaler specie → Swedish krona · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → United States dollar · account unit branchingDutch lion-dollar trade account unit → Turkish lira · account unit contributionDutch lion-dollar trade account unit → Romanian leu · account unit branchingEgyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions → Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · currency unificationJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting → Japanese ryō · absorbed into existing currencyJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting → Japanese mon · absorbed into existing currencyHamburg mark banco → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · absorbed into existing currencyDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Amsterdam bank florin / bank guilder · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · account unit branchingGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · regional account unit branchPortuguese real → Brazilian real (réis) · account unit branchingPatna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account → Calcutta sicca rupee · absorbed into existing currencyPortuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting → Portuguese real · replaced byRoman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence → Frankish denier–livre reckoning · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Aragonese Jaca account money · regional currency continuityAstur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting → Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · account unit replacementMughal rupee–dam accounting → Calcutta sicca rupee · regional currency continuityAttic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions → Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · regional currency continuityAttic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions → Sasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning · regional currency continuitySasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning → Pratihara / Siyadoni dramma accounting · regional currency continuityRoman as–denarius–sestertius accounting → Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · monetary reform successionFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Pound sterling · account unit branchingFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Valencian account money · account unit branchingFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Mallorcan account money · account unit branchingPound sterling → Pound Scots · account unit branchingFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Genoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · account unit transmissionGenoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account → Genoese lira di banco · account unit branchingGenoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account → Genoese lira di permesso · account unit branchingCastilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting → Spanish real / peso de a ocho · account unit branchingPratihara / Siyadoni dramma accounting · Dated observations: AD 912–AD 969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pratihara / Siyadoni dramma accounting · Dated observations: AD 912–AD 969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pratihara / Siyadoni dramma …Madras pagoda–fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1643–1766. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Madras pagoda–fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1643–1766. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Madras pagoda–fanam accounti…Bombay xeraphin accounting · Dated observations: 1674–1683. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bombay xeraphin accounting · Dated observations: 1674–1683. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bombay xeraphin accountingPatna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account · Dated observations: 1775–1802. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account · Dated observations: 1775–1802. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee r…Calcutta sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1765–1838. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Calcutta sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1765–1838. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Calcutta sicca rupeeMughal rupee–dam accounting · Dated observations: 1590–1599. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mughal rupee–dam accounting · Dated observations: 1590–1599. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mughal rupee–dam accountingCochin panam / fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1776–1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cochin panam / fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1776–1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cochin panam / fanam account…Sasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning · Dated observations: AD 531–AD 683. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Sasanian and early Islamic eastern drahm–dirham reckoning · Dated observations: AD 531–AD 683. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Sasanian and early Islamic e…Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions · Dated observations: 1296–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions · Dated observations: 1296–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Persian toman–dinar accounti…Mughal rupee–dam accounting · 1740 · qualified unit adoption event · Adopted unit event; no continuing peg inferred · Nader Shah’s implemented 1740 reform deliberately aligned Iranian rupee/naderi reckoning with Indian rupees and set one silver toman equal to 20 silver rupees. Record a qualified unit-adoption event, preserving Iranian ancestry; no continuing market peg is inferred.Attic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions · Dated observations: 426 BC–125 BC. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Attic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions · Dated observations: 426 BC–125 BC. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Attic drachma accountingEgyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · Dated observations: 259 BC–AD 351. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · Dated observations: 259 BC–AD 351. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Egyptian silver drachma acco…Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · Dated observations: 500 BC–AD 566. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · Dated observations: 500 BC–AD 566. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman as–denarius–sestertius…Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · Dated observations: AD 375–AD 687. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · Dated observations: AD 375–AD 687. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman solidus–nomisma accoun…Tang cash / guan accounting · Dated observations: AD 780–AD 805. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tang cash / guan accounting · Dated observations: AD 780–AD 805. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tang cash / guan accountingJapanese mon · Dated observations: AD 733–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Japanese mon · Dated observations: AD 733–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese monJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting · Dated observations: 1600–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese silver monme / ginme accounting · Dated observations: 1600–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese silver monme / ginm…Japanese ryō · Dated observations: 1550–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Japanese ryō · Dated observations: 1550–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese ryōBalinese masaka accounting · Dated observations: AD 882–AD 923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Balinese masaka accounting · Dated observations: AD 882–AD 923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Balinese masaka accountingLaguna kati–suwarna debt accounting · Dated observations: AD 900. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Laguna kati–suwarna debt accounting · Dated observations: AD 900. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Laguna kati–suwarna debt acc…Old Javanese masa–suwarna accounting · Dated observations: AD 903. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Old Javanese masa–suwarna accounting · Dated observations: AD 903. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Old Javanese masa–suwarna ac…Balinese cash / pisis accounting · Dated observations: 1384. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Balinese cash / pisis accounting · Dated observations: 1384. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Balinese cash / pisis accoun…Thai baht · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1536–1928. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Thai baht · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1536–1928. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Thai bahtTHBPortuguese real · Dated observations: 1435–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese real · Dated observations: 1435–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese realBrazilian real (réis) · Dated observations: 1568–1942. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian real (réis) · Dated observations: 1568–1942. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian realCuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · Dated observations: 1779–1916. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · Dated observations: 1779–1916. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban peso oro españolSpanish real / peso de a ocho · Dated observations: 1473–1884. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish real / peso de a ocho · Dated observations: 1473–1884. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish real / peso de a ochoUnited States dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1784–2019. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.United States dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1784–2019. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.United States dollarUSDAstur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting · Dated observations: AD 894–1102. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting · Dated observations: AD 894–1102. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Astur-Leonese and Castilian …Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · Dated observations: 1182–1864. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · Dated observations: 1182–1864. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Castilian maravedí / real de…Galician solidus accounting · Dated observations: AD 905–AD 962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Galician solidus accounting · Dated observations: AD 905–AD 962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Galician solidus accountingCordoban dinar-dirham accounting · Dated observations: AD 916–AD 996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cordoban dinar-dirham accounting · Dated observations: AD 916–AD 996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cordoban dinar-dirham accoun…Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · Dated observations: AD 972–1878. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · Dated observations: AD 972–1878. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barcelona diner–sou–lliura a…Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · Dated observations: 1090–1436. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · Dated observations: 1090–1436. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–li…Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · Dated observations: 1198–1828. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · Dated observations: 1198–1828. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Navarrese denier–libra and r…Valencian account money · Dated observations: 1247–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Valencian account money · Dated observations: 1247–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Valencian account moneyAragonese Jaca account money · Dated observations: 1263–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Aragonese Jaca account money · Dated observations: 1263–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Aragonese Jaca account moneyMallorcan account money · Dated observations: 1310–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mallorcan account money · Dated observations: 1310–1790. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mallorcan account moneyGranadan dirham–dinar / pesante reckoning · Dated observations: 1326–1497. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Granadan dirham–dinar / pesante reckoning · Dated observations: 1326–1497. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Granadan dirham–dinar / pesa…Turkish lira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1400–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Turkish lira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1400–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Turkish liraTRYEgyptian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1524–1957. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Egyptian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1524–1957. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Egyptian poundEGPOttoman Levantine sultani gold account · Dated observations: 1583–1588. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ottoman Levantine sultani gold account · Dated observations: 1583–1588. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ottoman Levantine sultani go…Genoese lira di banco · Dated observations: 1675–1751. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira di banco · Dated observations: 1675–1751. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira di bancoGenoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · Dated observations: 1141–1842. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · Dated observations: 1141–1842. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese liraGenoese lira di permesso · Dated observations: 1751. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira di permesso · Dated observations: 1751. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira di permessoFrankish denier–livre reckoning · Dated observations: AD 670–AD 794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Frankish denier–livre reckoning · Dated observations: AD 670–AD 794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Frankish denier–livre reckon…Livre parisis · Dated observations: 1204. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Livre parisis · Dated observations: 1204. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Livre parisisLivre tournois · Dated observations: 1204–1799. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Livre tournois · Dated observations: 1204–1799. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Livre tournoisFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion · Dated observations: 1795–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French franc — 1795 to euro conversion · Dated observations: 1795–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French francBernese–Helvetic old franc · Dated observations: 1767–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bernese–Helvetic old franc · Dated observations: 1767–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bernese–Helvetic old francNorthern Ethiopian amole reckoning · Dated observations: 1520–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning · Dated observations: 1520–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Northern Ethiopian amole rec…Kongo nzimbu reckoning · Dated observations: 1575. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kongo nzimbu reckoning · Dated observations: 1575. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kongo nzimbu reckoningGambia River trade bar · Dated observations: 1730–1735. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambia River trade bar · Dated observations: 1730–1735. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambia River trade barAsante gold-account reckoning · Dated observations: 1800–1929. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Asante gold-account reckoning · Dated observations: 1800–1929. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Asante gold-account reckoningHamburg mark banco · Dated observations: 1619–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hamburg mark banco · Dated observations: 1619–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hamburg mark bancoVenetian banco ducat — Banco del Giro accounts · Dated observations: 1619–1630. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Venetian banco ducat — Banco del Giro accounts · Dated observations: 1619–1630. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Venetian banco ducatSouth German florin — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.South German florin — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.South German florinDutch guilder (euro predecessor) · Dated observations: 1526–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Dutch guilder (euro predecessor) · Dated observations: 1526–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dutch guilderAmsterdam bank florin / bank guilder · Dated observations: 1641–1659. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Amsterdam bank florin / bank guilder · Dated observations: 1641–1659. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Amsterdam bank florin / bank…Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit · Dated observations: 1690. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit · Dated observations: 1690. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dutch lion-dollar trade acco…Romanian leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1757–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Romanian leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1757–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Romanian leuRONSwedish riksdaler specie · Dated observations: 1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish riksdaler specie · Dated observations: 1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish riksdaler specieSwedish krona · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1789–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish krona · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1789–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish kronaSEKAustrian gulden — pre-1892 unit · Dated observations: 1816–1892. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian gulden — pre-1892 unit · Dated observations: 1816–1892. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian guldenAustro-Hungarian krone · Dated observations: 1892–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austro-Hungarian krone · Dated observations: 1892–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austro-Hungarian kroneAustrian krone — post-imperial currency · Dated observations: 1918–1925. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian krone — post-imperial currency · Dated observations: 1918–1925. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian kroneAustrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · Dated observations: 1925–1938. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · Dated observations: 1925–1938. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Austrian schillingPrussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Prussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Prussian thalerGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.German markEstonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · Dated observations: 1918–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · Dated observations: 1918–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Estonian interwar currencyLithuanian litas — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Lithuanian litas — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Lithuanian litasRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1497–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1497–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Russian rubleRUBNew Jersey provincial pound of account · Dated observations: 1709–1777. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Jersey provincial pound of account · Dated observations: 1709–1777. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Jersey provincial pound …Pennsylvania pound of account · Dated observations: 1720–1794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pennsylvania pound of account · Dated observations: 1720–1794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pennsylvania pound of accountVirginia pound of account · Dated observations: 1734–1765. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Virginia pound of account · Dated observations: 1734–1765. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Virginia pound of accountIrish pound — pre-1826 account unit · Dated observations: 1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Irish pound — pre-1826 account unit · Dated observations: 1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Irish poundPound sterling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: AD 786–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Pound sterling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: AD 786–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pound sterlingGBPPound Scots · Dated observations: 1560–1740. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pound Scots · Dated observations: 1560–1740. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pound ScotsCentral Mexican quachtli reckoning · Dated observations: 1540–1558. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Central Mexican quachtli reckoning · Dated observations: 1540–1558. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Central Mexican quachtli rec…Tlaxcala cacao account unit · Dated observations: 1545. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tlaxcala cacao account unit · Dated observations: 1545. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tlaxcala cacao account unitSouthern New England wampum reckoning · Dated observations: 1643–1645. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Southern New England wampum reckoning · Dated observations: 1643–1645. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Southern New England wampum …2600 BC600 BCAD 1AD 800150018001900195020002026Time is compressed between labelled dates. Select a history to enlarge it.

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