The Family Tree of Money
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Spanish real / pesoSterlingFrench francIndian rupeeRussian rublePrussian thalerRoman solidusAttic drachma

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The Family Tree of Money2600 BC600 BCAD 1AD 800150018001900195020002026Dated evidence in 1800–2026; connected predecessors retained.FIND YOUR CURRENCYUndatedRUPEE & RELATED BRANCHESARABIAN HISTORIESIRANIAN HISTORIESANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN & NEAR EASTEAST ASIAN LINEAGESSOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORIESREAL, DOLLAR & PESOIBERIAN ACCOUNT HISTORIESOTTOMAN & RELATED BRANCHESFRANKISH, FRANC & RELATED BRANCHESAFRICAN & PACIFIC ACCOUNT SYSTEMSEURO & OTHER EUROPEAN ACCOUNTSTHALER & GUILDERRUBLE LINEAGESSTERLING & RELATED BRANCHESJapanese ryō → Japanese yen · replaced byNova Scotia decimal dollar → Canadian dollar · absorbed into existing currencyStraits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar → Singapore dollar · forked fromStraits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar → Malaysian dollar / ringgit · forked fromStraits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar → Brunei dollar · forked fromAustralian pound → Australian dollar · redenominated asNew Zealand pound → New Zealand dollar · redenominated asFiji pound → Fiji dollar, 1969 reform · replaced byAustralian dollar → Solomon Islands dollar · account unit branchingBritish Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar → Trinidad and Tobago dollar · forked fromBritish Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar → Guyana dollar · forked fromBritish Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar → Barbados dollar · forked fromJamaican pound → Jamaican dollar · redenominated asPound sterling → Bahamian dollar · redenominated asPound sterling → Bermudian dollar · redenominated asSurinamese guilder → Surinamese dollar · redenominated asLivre tournois → French franc — 1795 to euro conversion · replaced byIrish pound — pre-1826 account unit → Pound sterling · absorbed into existing currencyPrince Edward Island pound of account → Prince Edward Island decimal dollar · replaced byPound sterling → Vancouver Island decimal dollar · account unit branchingPound sterling → British Columbia decimal dollar · replaced byVancouver Island decimal dollar → British Columbia decimal dollar · absorbed into existing currencyPrince Edward Island decimal dollar → Canadian dollar · absorbed into existing currencyBritish Columbia decimal dollar → Canadian dollar · absorbed into existing currencyPound sterling → West African Currency Board pound · territorial currency separationWest African Currency Board pound → Ghanaian pound · national issue succeeds regional currencyGhanaian pound → Ghanaian cedis · decimal currency replacementWest African Currency Board pound → Nigerian pound · national issue succeeds regional currencyNigerian pound → Nigerian naira · decimal currency replacementWest African Currency Board pound → Sierra Leonean leone · national decimal currency replacementWest African Currency Board pound → Gambian pound · territorial currency successionGambian pound → Gambian dalasi · decimal currency replacementEast African shilling → Kenyan shilling · national issue succeeds regional currencyEast African shilling → Tanzanian shilling · national issue succeeds regional currencyIndian rupee → Kenya and Uganda florin · account unit branchingKenya and Uganda florin → East African shilling · statutory unit replacementMalawi pound → Malawi kwacha · decimal currency replacementZambian pound → Zambian kwacha · decimal currency replacementAustrian schilling — postwar currency → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroBelgian franc → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroDeutsche Mark → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroSpanish peseta → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroFinnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroIrish pound — modern currency → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroItalian lira → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroLuxembourg franc → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroPortuguese escudo → Euro — converging national replacements · national currency converges into euroModern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencySlovenian tolar → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyCypriot pound → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyMaltese pound / lira → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencySlovak koruna — 1993 currency → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyEstonian kroon — restored 1992 currency → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyLatvian lats — restored 1993 currency → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyLithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyCroatian kuna — 1994 currency → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyBulgarian lev → Euro — converging national replacements · absorbed into existing currencyCFA franc (BCEAO) → Guinean franc, first unit · account unit branchingGuinean syli → Guinean franc · currency replacementCFA franc (BCEAO) → Malian franc · account unit branchingCFA franc (BCEAO) → Mauritanian ouguiya · account unit branchingGuinea-Bissau peso → CFA franc (BCEAO) · absorbed into existing currencyEquatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele → CFA franc (BEAC) · absorbed into existing currencyMalagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase → Malagasy ariary · unit replacementZaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales → Congolese franc · currency replacementCongolese franc, pre-1967 → Rwanda–Burundi franc · territorial currency separationRwanda–Burundi franc → Rwandan franc · territorial currency separationRwanda–Burundi franc → Burundian franc · territorial currency separationAlgerian franc → Algerian dinar · currency replacementMoroccan franc → Moroccan dirham · currency replacementTunisian franc → Tunisian dinar · currency replacementEstonian interwar currency — mark and kroon → Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · absorbed into existing currencyRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Estonian kroon — restored 1992 currency · territorial currency separationLatvian ruble — 1919-era currency → Latvian lats — interwar currency · currency replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Latvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency · territorial currency separationLatvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency → Latvian lats — restored 1993 currency · currency replacementGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Lithuanian litas — interwar currency · currency replacementLithuanian litas — interwar currency → Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · absorbed into existing currencyRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Lithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 · territorial currency separationLithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 → Lithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency · currency replacementPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations → Croatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency · territorial currency separationCroatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency → Croatian kuna — 1994 currency · currency replacementPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations → Slovenian tolar · territorial currency separationAustrian gulden — pre-1892 unit → Austro-Hungarian krone · currency replacementAustro-Hungarian krone → Austrian krone — post-imperial currency · territorial currency separationAustrian krone — post-imperial currency → Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · currency replacementAustrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · absorbed into existing currencyGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Austrian schilling — postwar currency · account unit branchingAustro-Hungarian krone → Czechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency · territorial currency separationCzechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency → Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna · territorial currency separationCzechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency → Slovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency · territorial currency separationBohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna → Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency · multiple currency unificationSlovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency → Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency · multiple currency unificationCzechoslovak koruna — postwar currency → Czech koruna — 1993 currency · territorial currency separationCzechoslovak koruna — postwar currency → Slovak koruna — 1993 currency · territorial currency separationGreek phoenix → Modern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity · currency replacementPound sterling → Irish pound — modern currency · territorial currency separationPrussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · multiple currency unificationSouth German florin — nineteenth-century unit → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · multiple currency unificationGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Deutsche Mark · account unit branchingGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → East German mark — 1948 currency and later names · territorial currency separationEast German mark — 1948 currency and later names → Deutsche Mark · absorbed into existing currencyAustro-Hungarian krone → Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom · territorial currency separationPost-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom → Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity · absorbed into existing currencySerbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity → Serbian dinar — occupation-era currency · territorial currency separationSerbian dinar — occupation-era currency → Postwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations · multiple currency unificationPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations → Federal Yugoslav / Serbian dinar — successor continuity · territorial currency separationPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations → Macedonian denar — national continuity · territorial currency separationPound sterling → Tongan pound · account unit branchingTongan pound → Tongan paʻanga · decimal currency replacementNew Zealand pound → Samoan tālā · decimal currency replacementJamaican dollar → Cayman Islands dollar · account unit branchingAustralian dollar → Papua New Guinean kina · account unit branchingSouth African pound → South African rand — origin and Namibia context · decimal currency replacementSouth African rand — origin and Namibia context → Botswana pula · account unit branchingSouth African rand — origin and Namibia context → Swazi lilangeni · local issue succeeds imported currencySouth African rand — origin and Namibia context → Lesotho loti · local issue succeeds imported currencySouth African rand — origin and Namibia context → Namibia dollar · local issue succeeds imported currencyMexican peso → Straits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar · territorial currency separationIndian rupee → Pakistani rupee · territorial currency separationPakistani rupee → Bangladeshi taka · account unit branchingIndian rupee → Kuwaiti dinar · territorial currency replacementIndian rupee → Bahraini dinar · territorial currency replacementQatar and Dubai riyal → Qatari riyal · territorial currency separationQatar and Dubai riyal → UAE dirham · multiple currency unificationBahraini dinar → UAE dirham · multiple currency unificationIndian rupee → Omani rial — Saidi and Omani naming stages · territorial currency replacementEast African shilling → Ugandan shilling · national issue succeeds regional currencyUnited States dollar → Dominican peso · account unit replacementNicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale → Córdoba oro · currency replacementBrazilian real (réis) → Brazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency · redenominated asBrazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency → Brazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity · redenominated asBrazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity → Brazilian real · redenominated asPortuguese real → Portuguese escudo · redenominated asArgentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity → Austral · redenominated asAustral → Argentine peso · redenominated asChilean peso → Chilean escudo · redenominated asChilean escudo → Chilean peso · redenominated asBoliviano → Peso boliviano · redenominated asPeso boliviano → Boliviano · redenominated asSol de oro → Inti · redenominated asInti → Peruvian sol · redenominated asFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Livre tournois · regional currency continuityAlbanian gold franc / frang → Albanian lek · account unit replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Armenian dram · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Azerbaijani manat · territorial currency separationGeorgian coupon → Georgian lari · currency replacementMoldovan cupon → Moldovan leu · currency replacementUzbekistani sum-coupon → Uzbekistani sum · currency replacementUkrainian karbovanets → Ukrainian hryvnia · currency replacementDanish rigsdaler → Danish krone · account unit replacementNorwegian speciedaler → Norwegian krone · account unit replacementSouth Korean hwan → South Korean won · account unit replacementPalestine pound → Jordanian dinar · account unit branchingIsraeli pound → Israeli new shekel · statutory unit replacementIndian rupee → Iraqi dinar · account unit branchingPersian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions → Iranian rial · account unit replacementSudanese pound → South Sudanese pound · territorial currency separationZimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency → Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), 2024 introduction · statutory unit replacementCosta Rican peso → Costa Rican colón · currency replacementParaguayan peso fuerte → Paraguayan guaraní · statutory unit replacementHungarian pengő → Hungarian forint · currency replacementPolish mark → Polish złoty · account unit replacementMozambican escudo → Mozambican metical · currency replacementAngolan escudo → Angolan kwanza · currency replacementCuraçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder → Aruban florin · territorial currency separationBosnia and Herzegovina dinar → Bosnian convertible mark · currency replacementIndian rupee → Bhutanese ngultrum · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Belarusian ruble · territorial currency separationEthiopian birr → Eritrean nakfa · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Kyrgyzstani som · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Kazakhstani tenge · currency replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Turkmen manat · territorial currency separationTajikistani ruble → Tajikistani somoni · currency replacementEgyptian pound → Libyan dinar · currency replacementAfghan rupee — Kabuli account unit → Afghan afghani · account unit replacementMauritian rupee → Seychellois rupee · territorial currency separationIndian rupee → Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee · territorial currency separationChinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity → Mongolian tögrög · account unit replacementSão Tomé escudo → São Tomé dobra · statutory unit replacementJapanese yen → Taiwan dollar · currency replacementVenezolano → Venezuelan bolívar · account unit replacementEast African shilling → Somali shilling · territorial currency replacementSyrian pound → Lebanese pound · territorial currency separationEgyptian pound → Syrian pound · currency replacementEast African shilling → Ethiopian birr · account unit replacementDanish krone → Icelandic króna · account unit branchingRiau Islands rupiah → Indonesian rupiah · absorbed into existing currencyJinan yuan → Renminbi · currency unificationPound sterling → Saint Helena pound · territorial currency separationSouth Arabian / South Yemeni dinar → Yemeni rial · absorbed into existing currencySouth Vietnamese đồng → Vietnamese đồng · absorbed into existing currencyCalcutta sicca rupee → Indian rupee · account unit replacementHonduran real / peso → Honduran lempira · account unit replacementSwedish riksdaler specie → Swedish krona · account unit branchingIndian rupee → Myanmar kyat · territorial currency separationMalagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase → Comorian franc · regional currency continuityFrench Somaliland CFA franc → Djiboutian franc · unit replacementFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → CFP franc · territorial currency separationCFP franc → Vanuatu vatu / New Hebrides franc · regional currency continuityFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → Malagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase · territorial currency separationPound sterling → Falkland Islands pound · account unit branchingIndian rupee → Mauritian rupee · territorial currency separationZurich gulden account unit → Swiss franc · multiple currency unificationEastern Swiss Reichswährung gulden (contract unit) → Swiss franc · multiple currency unificationBernese–Helvetic old franc → Swiss franc · multiple currency unificationPound sterling → Hong Kong dollar · account unit contributionMexican peso → Hong Kong dollar · account unit branchingMexican peso → Philippine peso, twentieth-century reform lineage · account unit contributionDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Curaçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder · account unit branchingPortuguese real → Cape Verdean escudo · account unit branchingMexican peso → Macao pataca · territorial currency separationKorean yen / won before the North–South currency separation → North Korean won · territorial currency separationRoyal / Vientiane kip → Lao kip · absorbed into existing currencyIndochinese piastre → Royal / Vientiane kip · territorial currency separationIndochinese piastre → Cambodian riel before abolition · territorial currency separationCeylon / Sri Lankan rupee → Maldivian rufiyaa · territorial currency separationSpanish real / peso de a ocho → United States dollar · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Colombian peso · account unit branchingColombian peso → Panamanian balboa · currency replacementCuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting → Cuban peso · currency replacementSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Mexican peso · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Salvadoran colón · account unit branchingNepalese 16-ganda paisa rupee → Nepalese rupee · absorbed into existing currencyDutch lion-dollar trade account unit → Turkish lira · account unit contributionDutch lion-dollar trade account unit → Romanian leu · account unit branchingTurkish lira → Saudi riyal · territorial currency separationSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Haitian gourde · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Uruguayan peso · account unit branchingBrazilian real (réis) → Uruguayan peso · account unit contributionDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Surinamese guilder · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Buenos Aires peso moneda corriente · account unit branchingBuenos Aires peso moneda corriente → Argentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity · multiple currency unificationEgyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions → Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · currency unificationPortuguese escudo → Mozambican escudo · territorial account system adoptionPortuguese escudo → São Tomé escudo · territorial account system adoptionSouthern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency → Malawi pound · territorial currency successionSouthern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency → Zambian pound · territorial currency successionFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → CFA franc (BCEAO) · territorial currency separationFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → CFA franc (BEAC) · territorial currency separationUnited States dollar → Zimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency · statutory unit replacementSudanese dinar → Sudanese pound · currency replacementSudanese pound before the dinar → Sudanese dinar · currency replacementEgyptian pound → Sudanese pound before the dinar · territorial currency separationCongolese franc, pre-1967 → Zaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales · currency replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Finnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity · account unit branchingPound sterling → Maltese pound / lira · account unit branchingPound sterling → Cypriot pound · account unit branchingPound sterling → Australian pound · account unit branchingPound sterling → New Zealand pound · account unit branchingPound sterling → Fiji pound · account unit branchingPound sterling → Jamaican pound · account unit branchingPound sterling → South African pound · territorial currency separationUnited States dollar → Liberian dollar · account unit branchingJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting → Japanese ryō · absorbed into existing currencyJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting → Japanese mon · absorbed into existing currencyShanghai tael → Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity · absorbed into existing currencyHyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee → Indian rupee · absorbed into existing currencyHamburg mark banco → German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · absorbed into existing currencyNigerian pound → Biafran pound · territorial currency separationCongolese franc, pre-1967 → Katangese franc · territorial currency separationEuropean Currency Unit (ECU) → Euro — converging national replacements · account unit consolidationEuropean unit of account (EUA) → European Currency Unit (ECU) · absorbed into existing currencyGuinean franc, first unit → Guinean syli · currency replacementPortuguese escudo → Guinea-Bissau peso · currency replacementMoroccan Hassani reckoning → Moroccan franc · currency replacementNicaraguan peso → Nicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale · account unit replacementGuatemalan peso → Guatemalan quetzal · account unit replacementStraits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar → Riau Islands rupiah · account unit replacementHaikwan customs tael → Chinese customs gold unit · sectoral account unit replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Ukrainian karbovanets · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Georgian coupon · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Uzbekistani sum-coupon · territorial currency separationRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Tajikistani ruble · territorial currency separationTripolitanian Military Authority lira → Libyan dinar · currency replacementAlgerian franc → Libyan dinar · currency replacementSaudi riyal → Qatar and Dubai riyal · currency replacementIndian rupee → Qatar and Dubai riyal · currency replacementEast African shilling → South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar · currency replacementGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Danzig gulden · account unit branchingUnited States dollar → Confederate dollar · account unit branchingTunisian piastre / riyal reckoning → Tunisian franc · currency replacementGuatemalan peso → British Honduras / Belize dollar · currency replacementKorean yen / won before the North–South currency separation → South Korean hwan · account unit replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Moldovan cupon · territorial currency separationItalian lira → Tripolitanian Military Authority lira · territorial currency separationSpanish real / peso de a ocho → British Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar · account unit branchingManchukuo yuan → Northeast Chinese yuan accounting · account unit replacementNortheast Chinese yuan accounting → Renminbi · account unit replacementJapanese yen → Korean yen / won before the North–South currency separation · territorial currency separationSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Mauritius colonial dollar accounting · territorial currency separationMauritius colonial dollar accounting → Mauritian rupee · account unit replacementPeruvian sol — nineteenth-century account unit → Peruvian libra — principal account unit · currency replacementPortuguese escudo → Angolan angolar · account unit successionAngolan angolar → Angolan escudo · currency replacementSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Nicaraguan peso · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Guatemalan peso · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Honduran real / peso · account unit branchingSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Ecuadorian sucre · currency replacementPeruvian libra — principal account unit → Sol de oro · currency replacementSpanish real / peso de a ocho → Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · account unit branchingIndochinese piastre → South Vietnamese đồng · territorial currency separationChinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity → Jinan yuan · account unit replacementChinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity → Harbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting · territorial currency separationHarbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting → Manchukuo yuan · account unit replacementMexican peso → Indochinese piastre · territorial currency separationAustro-Hungarian krone → Hungarian korona — post-imperial account unit · regional account unit branchHungarian korona — post-imperial account unit → Hungarian pengő · account unit replacementPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations → Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar · regional account unit branchGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Polish mark · account unit replacementRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity → Latvian ruble — 1919-era currency · account unit replacementGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity → Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · regional account unit branchEgyptian pound → Palestine pound · territorial currency separationPalestine pound → Israeli pound · territorial currency separationPound sterling → Southern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency · territorial currency separationSpanish peseta → Equatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele · territorial currency separationDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Luxembourg franc · account unit replacementFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → French Somaliland CFA franc · territorial currency separationPortuguese real → Brazilian real (réis) · account unit branchingPatna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account → Calcutta sicca rupee · absorbed into existing currencyFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion → Bulgarian lev · account unit replacementPortuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting → Portuguese real · replaced bySpanish escudo —1864 account unit → Spanish peseta · account unit replacementOld Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit → Italian lira · account unit replacementGenoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account → Italian lira · account unit replacementTurkish lira → Serbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions · regional account unit branchSerbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions → Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity · account unit replacementCastilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting → Spanish escudo —1864 account unit · account unit replacementRoman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence → Frankish denier–livre reckoning · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · regional currency continuityFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · regional currency continuityAstur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting → Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · account unit replacementMughal rupee–dam accounting → Calcutta sicca rupee · regional currency continuitySpanish real / peso de a ocho → Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity · regional currency continuityAttic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions → Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · regional currency continuityMadras pagoda–fanam accounting → Indian rupee · regional currency continuityIndian rupee → German East African rupee–pesa accounting · regional currency continuityGerman East African rupee–pesa accounting → East African shilling · regional currency continuityRoman as–denarius–sestertius accounting → Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · monetary reform successionFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Pound sterling · account unit branchingNew Brunswick pound of account → New Brunswick decimal dollar · accounting redenominationDutch guilder (euro predecessor) → Belgian franc · account unit replacementFrankish denier–livre reckoning → Genoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · account unit transmissionCastilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting → Spanish real / peso de a ocho · account unit branchingTravancore Sirkar rupee · Dated observations: 1861–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Travancore Sirkar rupee · Dated observations: 1861–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Travancore Sirkar rupeeOdisha / Orissa cowrie accounting · Dated observations: 1803. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Odisha / Orissa cowrie accounting · Dated observations: 1803. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Odisha / Orissa cowrie accou…Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account · Dated observations: 1775–1802. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account · Dated observations: 1775–1802. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee r…Mughal rupee–dam accounting · Dated observations: 1590–1599. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Mughal rupee–dam accounting · Dated observations: 1590–1599. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Mughal rupee–dam accountingCalcutta sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1765–1838. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Calcutta sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1765–1838. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Calcutta sicca rupeeNepalese 16-ganda paisa rupee · Dated observations: 1855–1908. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nepalese 16-ganda paisa rupee · Dated observations: 1855–1908. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nepalese 16-ganda paisa rupeeNepalese rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1806–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Nepalese rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1806–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nepalese rupeeNPRMaldivian rufiyaa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Maldivian rufiyaa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Maldivian rufiyaaMVRCeylon / Sri Lankan rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1872–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1872–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ceylon / Sri Lankan rupeeLKRSeychellois rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1914–1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Seychellois rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1914–1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Seychellois rupeeSCRMauritian rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1876–1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritian rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1876–1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritian rupeeMUREritrean nakfa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Eritrean nakfa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Eritrean nakfaERNEthiopian birr · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ethiopian birr · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ethiopian birrETBKenyan shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kenyan shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kenyan shillingKESTanzanian shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tanzanian shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tanzanian shillingTZSEast African shilling · Dated observations: 1921–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East African shilling · Dated observations: 1921–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East African shillingUgandan shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ugandan shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ugandan shillingUGXKenya and Uganda florin · Dated observations: 1920–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kenya and Uganda florin · Dated observations: 1920–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kenya and Uganda florinGerman East African rupee–pesa accounting · Dated observations: 1909–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.German East African rupee–pesa accounting · Dated observations: 1909–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.German East African rupee–pe…Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1881–1955. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee · Dated observations: 1881–1955. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sic…Iraqi dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1932–2003. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Iraqi dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1932–2003. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Iraqi dinarIQDIndian rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1835–1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indian rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1835–1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indian rupeeINRBhutanese ngultrum · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bhutanese ngultrum · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bhutanese ngultrumBTNOmani rial — Saidi and Omani naming stages · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1970–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Omani rial — Saidi and Omani naming stages · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1970–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Omani rialOMRKuwaiti dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kuwaiti dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kuwaiti dinarKWDMyanmar kyat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1937–1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Myanmar kyat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1937–1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Myanmar kyatMMKMadras pagoda–fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1643–1766. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Madras pagoda–fanam accounting · Dated observations: 1643–1766. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Madras pagoda–fanam accounti…Pakistani rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pakistani rupee · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pakistani rupeePKRBangladeshi taka · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bangladeshi taka · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bangladeshi takaBDTBahraini dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bahraini dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bahraini dinarBHDUAE dirham · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.UAE dirham · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.UAE dirhamAEDQatar and Dubai riyal · Dated observations: 1966–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qatar and Dubai riyal · Dated observations: 1966–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qatar and Dubai riyalQatari riyal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qatari riyal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qatari riyalQARAfghan rupee — Kabuli account unit · Dated observations: 1925–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Afghan rupee — Kabuli account unit · Dated observations: 1925–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Afghan rupeeAfghan afghani · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1925–2003. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Afghan afghani · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1925–2003. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Afghan afghaniAFNSaudi riyal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1928–1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Saudi riyal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1928–1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Saudi riyalSARSouth Arabian / South Yemeni dinar · Dated observations: 1965–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Arabian / South Yemeni dinar · Dated observations: 1965–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Arabian / South Yemeni…Yemeni rial · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1990–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Yemeni rial · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1990–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Yemeni rialYERPersian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions · Dated observations: 1296–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions · Dated observations: 1296–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Persian toman–dinar accounti…Mughal rupee–dam accounting · 1740 · qualified unit adoption event · Adopted unit event; no continuing peg inferred · Nader Shah’s implemented 1740 reform deliberately aligned Iranian rupee/naderi reckoning with Indian rupees and set one silver toman equal to 20 silver rupees. Record a qualified unit-adoption event, preserving Iranian ancestry; no continuing market peg is inferred.Iranian rial · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1931–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Iranian rial · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1931–1932. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Iranian rialIRRAttic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions · Dated observations: 426 BC–125 BC. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Attic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions · Dated observations: 426 BC–125 BC. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Attic drachma accountingEgyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · Dated observations: 259 BC–AD 351. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Egyptian silver drachma accounting — Ptolemaic and Roman traditions · Dated observations: 259 BC–AD 351. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Egyptian silver drachma acco…Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · Dated observations: 500 BC–AD 566. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting · Dated observations: 500 BC–AD 566. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman as–denarius–sestertius…Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · Dated observations: AD 375–AD 687. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman solidus–nomisma accounting — imperial and regional evidence · Dated observations: AD 375–AD 687. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Roman solidus–nomisma accoun…Japanese mon · Dated observations: AD 733–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Japanese mon · Dated observations: AD 733–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese monJapanese silver monme / ginme accounting · Dated observations: 1600–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese silver monme / ginme accounting · Dated observations: 1600–1868. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese silver monme / ginm…Japanese ryō · Dated observations: 1550–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Japanese ryō · Dated observations: 1550–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese ryōTaiwan dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Taiwan dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Taiwan dollarTWDJapanese yen · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1871–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese yen · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1871–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Japanese yenJPYNorth Korean won · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–2009. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.North Korean won · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–2009. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.North Korean wonKPWKorean yen / won before the North–South currency separation · Dated observations: 1905–1953. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Korean yen / won before the North–South currency separation · Dated observations: 1905–1953. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Korean yen / won before the …South Korean hwan · Dated observations: 1953–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Korean hwan · Dated observations: 1953–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Korean hwanSouth Korean won · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Korean won · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Korean wonKRWShanghai tael · Dated observations: 1857–1933. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Shanghai tael · Dated observations: 1857–1933. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Shanghai taelManchukuo yuan · Dated observations: 1932–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Manchukuo yuan · Dated observations: 1932–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Manchukuo yuanHarbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting · Dated observations: 1919–1935. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Harbin dayang — regional silver-dollar accounting · Dated observations: 1919–1935. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Harbin dayangChinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity · Dated observations: 1910–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chinese yuan — late Qing and ROC mainland continuity · Dated observations: 1910–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chinese yuanMongolian tögrög · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1925–1927. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mongolian tögrög · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1925–1927. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mongolian tögrögMNTJinan yuan · Dated observations: 1939–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Jinan yuan · Dated observations: 1939–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jinan yuanRenminbi · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1948–1951. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Renminbi · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1948–1951. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.RenminbiCNYNortheast Chinese yuan accounting · Dated observations: 1946–1951. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Northeast Chinese yuan accounting · Dated observations: 1946–1951. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Northeast Chinese yuan accou…Hong Kong dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1863–1866. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hong Kong dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1863–1866. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hong Kong dollarHKDGBP · 1935 introduction; postwar evidence 1946–1972 · Documented anchor period · Hong Kong instituted a sterling anchor in 1935. Postwar tables document its continuation and 1967 parity change before the switch to USD.USD · 6 July 1972 – 26 November 1974 · Documented anchor period · Hong Kong fixed its dollar to USD in July 1972, changed the parity in February 1973, and ended the commitment when it floated in November 1974.USD · 17 October 1983; confirmed in the 2024 description · Anchor witnessed through 2024-06-27; later status unreviewed · Hong Kong restored a USD link through its currency-board system in 1983; the inspected later description specifies a 7.75–7.85 exchange band.Haikwan customs tael · Dated observations: 1880–1933. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Haikwan customs tael · Dated observations: 1880–1933. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Haikwan customs taelChinese customs gold unit · Dated observations: 1930–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chinese customs gold unit · Dated observations: 1930–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chinese customs gold unitMacao pataca · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1894–1906. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Macao pataca · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1894–1906. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Macao patacaMOPTibetan tangka accounting · Dated observations: 1933–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tibetan tangka accounting · Dated observations: 1933–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tibetan tangka accountingCambodian riel · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian riel · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian rielKHRThai baht · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1536–1928. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Thai baht · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1536–1928. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Thai bahtTHBUpper Burmese kyat debt reckoning · Dated observations: 1811–1824. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Upper Burmese kyat debt reckoning · Dated observations: 1811–1824. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Upper Burmese kyat debt reck…Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal accounting · Dated observations: 1821–1855. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal accounting · Dated observations: 1821–1855. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal acco…Cambodian bat–ligature legal accounting · Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian bat–ligature legal accounting · Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian bat–ligature legal…South Vietnamese đồng · Dated observations: 1954–1978. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Vietnamese đồng · Dated observations: 1954–1978. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Vietnamese đồngIndochinese piastre · Dated observations: 1878–1955. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indochinese piastre · Dated observations: 1878–1955. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indochinese piastreCambodian riel before abolition · Dated observations: 1955–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian riel before abolition · Dated observations: 1955–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cambodian riel before abolit…Royal / Vientiane kip · Dated observations: 1955–1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Royal / Vientiane kip · Dated observations: 1955–1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Royal / Vientiane kipBrazilian real · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian real · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian realBRLBrazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity · Dated observations: 1986–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian cruzado / cruzeiro — 1986–1994 continuity · Dated observations: 1986–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian cruzado / cruzeiroBrazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency · Dated observations: 1942–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian cruzeiro — 1942 currency · Dated observations: 1942–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian cruzeiroBrazilian real (réis) · Dated observations: 1568–1942. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian real (réis) · Dated observations: 1568–1942. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brazilian realPortuguese real · Dated observations: 1435–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese real · Dated observations: 1435–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese realCape Verdean escudo · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1853–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cape Verdean escudo · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1853–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cape Verdean escudoCVEMozambican metical · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mozambican metical · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mozambican meticalMZNMozambican escudo · Dated observations: 1911–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mozambican escudo · Dated observations: 1911–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mozambican escudoPortuguese escudo · Dated observations: 1911–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Portuguese escudo · Dated observations: 1911–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Portuguese escudoSão Tomé escudo · Dated observations: 1911–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.São Tomé escudo · Dated observations: 1911–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.São Tomé escudoSão Tomé dobra · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1976–2017. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.São Tomé dobra · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1976–2017. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.São Tomé dobraSTNAngolan angolar · Dated observations: 1914–1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan angolar · Dated observations: 1914–1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan angolarAngolan escudo · Dated observations: 1953–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan escudo · Dated observations: 1953–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan escudoAngolan kwanza · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan kwanza · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Angolan kwanzaAOACuban peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1914–2021. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1914–2021. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban pesoCUPCuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · Dated observations: 1779–1916. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban peso oro español — local Spanish-gold accounting · Dated observations: 1779–1916. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cuban peso oro españolLiberian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1839–1935. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Liberian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1839–1935. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Liberian dollarLRDConfederate dollar · Dated observations: 1861–1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Confederate dollar · Dated observations: 1861–1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Confederate dollarUnited States dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1784–2019. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.United States dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1784–2019. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.United States dollarUSDDominican peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dominican peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dominican pesoDOPZimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency · Dated observations: 2019–2024. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zimbabwe dollar — restored 2019 currency · Dated observations: 2019–2024. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zimbabwe dollarZimbabwe Gold (ZiG), 2024 introduction · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2024. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), 2024 introduction · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2024. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zimbabwe Gold, 2024 introduc…ZWGUruguayan peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1829–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uruguayan peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1829–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uruguayan pesoUYUPanamanian balboa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1904. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Panamanian balboa · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1904. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Panamanian balboaPABColombian peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1819–1923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Colombian peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1819–1923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Colombian pesoCOPBritish Honduras / Belize dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1894. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Honduras / Belize dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1894. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Honduras / Belize do…BZDGuatemalan peso · Dated observations: 1821–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guatemalan peso · Dated observations: 1821–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guatemalan pesoGuatemalan quetzal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1924–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guatemalan quetzal · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1924–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guatemalan quetzalGTQUSD · 1924–1925 · unit adoption event · Adopted unit event; no continuing peg inferred · Guatemala deliberately defined the quetzal equal to one US dollar and chose sixty pesos per quetzal using prior dollar exchange values.Honduran lempira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1926–1931. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Honduran lempira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1926–1931. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Honduran lempiraHNLHonduran real / peso · Dated observations: 1821–1931. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Honduran real / peso · Dated observations: 1821–1931. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Honduran real / pesoHaitian gourde · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1811–1813. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Haitian gourde · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1811–1813. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Haitian gourdeHTGSpanish real / peso de a ocho · Dated observations: 1473–1884. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish real / peso de a ocho · Dated observations: 1473–1884. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish real / peso de a ochoEcuadorian sucre · Dated observations: 1884–2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ecuadorian sucre · Dated observations: 1884–2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ecuadorian sucreMauritius colonial dollar accounting · Dated observations: 1826–1877. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritius colonial dollar accounting · Dated observations: 1826–1877. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritius colonial dollar ac…Salvadoran colón · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1821–2001. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Salvadoran colón · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1821–2001. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Salvadoran colónSVCMexican peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1821–1906. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mexican peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1821–1906. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mexican pesoMXNPhilippine peso, twentieth-century reform lineage · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1903–1904. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Philippine peso, twentieth-century reform lineage · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1903–1904. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Philippine peso, twentieth-c…PHPBrunei dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brunei dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Brunei dollarBNDStraits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar · Dated observations: 1903–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Straits / Malayan / Malaya–British Borneo dollar · Dated observations: 1903–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Straits / Malayan / Malaya–B…Malaysian dollar / ringgit · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malaysian dollar / ringgit · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malaysian dollar / ringgitMYRSingapore dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Singapore dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Singapore dollarSGDNicaraguan peso · Dated observations: 1821–1913. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nicaraguan peso · Dated observations: 1821–1913. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nicaraguan pesoNicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale · Dated observations: 1912–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nicaraguan córdoba — 1912 unit, including 1988 scale · Dated observations: 1912–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nicaraguan córdobaCórdoba oro · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1990–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Córdoba oro · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1990–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Córdoba oroNIOTrinidad and Tobago dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Trinidad and Tobago dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Trinidad and Tobago dollarTTDBritish Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1825–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Caribbean / East Caribbean dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1825–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Caribbean / East Car…XCDGBP · ECCA episode: 6 October 1965 – 7 July 1976 · Documented anchor period · The ECCA episode used a sterling peg before the EC dollar’s 1976 switch to USD.USD · 7 July 1976; confirmed through July 2021 · Anchor witnessed through 2021-07-13; later status unreviewed · The East Caribbean dollar switched its anchor to USD on 7 July 1976; the ECCB confirmed the unchanged parity in 2021.Guyana dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guyana dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guyana dollarGYDBarbados dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barbados dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barbados dollarBBDBuenos Aires peso moneda corriente · Dated observations: 1826–1883. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Buenos Aires peso moneda corriente · Dated observations: 1826–1883. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Buenos Aires peso moneda cor…Argentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity · Dated observations: 1881–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Argentine peso — 1881–1985 continuity · Dated observations: 1881–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Argentine pesoAustral · Dated observations: 1985–1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austral · Dated observations: 1985–1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.AustralArgentine peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Argentine peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Argentine pesoARSParaguayan peso fuerte · Dated observations: 1820–1943. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Paraguayan peso fuerte · Dated observations: 1820–1943. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Paraguayan peso fuerteParaguayan guaraní · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1943. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Paraguayan guaraní · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1943. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Paraguayan guaraníPYGCosta Rican peso · Dated observations: 1839–1896. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Costa Rican peso · Dated observations: 1839–1896. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Costa Rican pesoCosta Rican colón · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1896. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Costa Rican colón · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1896. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Costa Rican colónCRCChilean peso · Dated observations: 1851–1960. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean peso · Dated observations: 1851–1960. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean pesoChilean escudo · Dated observations: 1960–1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean escudo · Dated observations: 1960–1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean escudoChilean peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean peso · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Chilean pesoCLPNew Brunswick pound of account · Dated observations: 1860. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Brunswick pound of account · Dated observations: 1860. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Brunswick pound of accou…New Brunswick decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1852–1860. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Brunswick decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1852–1860. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Brunswick decimal dollarBoliviano · Dated observations: 1863–1963. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Boliviano · Dated observations: 1863–1963. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.BolivianoPeso boliviano · Dated observations: 1963–1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peso boliviano · Dated observations: 1963–1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peso bolivianoBoliviano · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Boliviano · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1987. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.BolivianoBOBPeruvian sol — nineteenth-century account unit · Dated observations: 1863–1903. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian sol — nineteenth-century account unit · Dated observations: 1863–1903. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian solPeruvian libra — principal account unit · Dated observations: 1901–1930. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian libra — principal account unit · Dated observations: 1901–1930. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian libraSol de oro · Dated observations: 1930–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sol de oro · Dated observations: 1930–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sol de oroInti · Dated observations: 1985–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Inti · Dated observations: 1985–1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.IntiPeruvian sol · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian sol · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1991. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Peruvian solPENNewfoundland dollar · Dated observations: 1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Newfoundland dollar · Dated observations: 1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Newfoundland dollarSpanish peseta · Dated observations: 1868–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish peseta · Dated observations: 1868–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish pesetaPrince Edward Island pound of account · Dated observations: 1871–1872. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prince Edward Island pound of account · Dated observations: 1871–1872. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prince Edward Island pound o…Prince Edward Island decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1871–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prince Edward Island decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1871–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prince Edward Island decimal…Canadian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1854–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Canadian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1854–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Canadian dollarCADNova Scotia decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1871. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nova Scotia decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1871. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nova Scotia decimal dollarVenezolano · Dated observations: 1871–1879. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Venezolano · Dated observations: 1871–1879. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.VenezolanoVenezuelan bolívar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1879–2021. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Venezuelan bolívar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1879–2021. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Venezuelan bolívarVESLao kip · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1968–1979. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lao kip · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1968–1979. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lao kipLAKVietnamese đồng · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1978. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vietnamese đồng · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1978. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vietnamese đồngVNDAstur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting · Dated observations: AD 894–1102. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting · Dated observations: AD 894–1102. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Astur-Leonese and Castilian …Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · Dated observations: 1182–1864. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting · Dated observations: 1182–1864. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Castilian maravedí / real de…Spanish escudo —1864 account unit · Dated observations: 1864–1870. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish escudo —1864 account unit · Dated observations: 1864–1870. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Spanish escudo —1864 account…Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · Dated observations: AD 972–1878. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barcelona diner–sou–lliura accounting · Dated observations: AD 972–1878. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Barcelona diner–sou–lliura a…Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · Dated observations: 1090–1436. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting · Dated observations: 1090–1436. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–li…Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · Dated observations: 1198–1828. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Navarrese denier–libra and real accounting · Dated observations: 1198–1828. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Navarrese denier–libra and r…Turkish lira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1400–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Turkish lira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1400–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Turkish liraTRYSerbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions · Dated observations: 1833–1879. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian groš accounting — tax and market conventions · Dated observations: 1833–1879. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian groš accountingLebanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1937–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lebanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1937–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lebanese poundLBPSyrian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1920–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Syrian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1920–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Syrian poundSYPIsraeli new shekel · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Israeli new shekel · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Israeli new shekelILSIsraeli pound · Dated observations: 1948–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Israeli pound · Dated observations: 1948–1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Israeli poundPalestine pound · Dated observations: 1927–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Palestine pound · Dated observations: 1927–1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Palestine poundJordanian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jordanian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1950. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jordanian dinarJODEgyptian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1524–1957. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Egyptian pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1524–1957. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Egyptian poundEGPLibyan dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Libyan dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Libyan dinarLYDSudanese pound before the dinar · Dated observations: 1957–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese pound before the dinar · Dated observations: 1957–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese pound before the di…Sudanese dinar · Dated observations: 1992–2007. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese dinar · Dated observations: 1992–2007. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese dinarSudanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2007–2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2007–2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sudanese poundSDGSouth Sudanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Sudanese pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South Sudanese poundSSPSomali shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Somali shilling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961–1962. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Somali shillingSOSBelgian franc · Dated observations: 1832–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Belgian franc · Dated observations: 1832–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Belgian francTripolitanian Military Authority lira · Dated observations: 1943–1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tripolitanian Military Authority lira · Dated observations: 1943–1952. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tripolitanian Military Autho…Italian lira · Dated observations: 1816–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Italian lira · Dated observations: 1816–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Italian liraGenoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · Dated observations: 1141–1842. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account · Dated observations: 1141–1842. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Genoese liraFrankish denier–livre reckoning · Dated observations: AD 670–AD 794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Frankish denier–livre reckoning · Dated observations: AD 670–AD 794. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Frankish denier–livre reckon…Livre tournois · Dated observations: 1204–1799. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Livre tournois · Dated observations: 1204–1799. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Livre tournoisComorian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1950–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Comorian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1950–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Comorian francKMFEUR · 1 January 1999 · euro anchor introduced · Dated anchor; duration not established · KMF acquired an explicit euro anchor from 1 January 1999 under the continuing monetary cooperation arrangements.Malagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase · Dated observations: 1925–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malagasy franc — earlier Madagascar–Comoros regional phase · Dated observations: 1925–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malagasy francMalagasy ariary · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2003–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malagasy ariary · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2003–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malagasy ariaryMGABulgarian lev · Dated observations: 1880–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bulgarian lev · Dated observations: 1880–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bulgarian levFrench franc — 1795 to euro conversion · Dated observations: 1795–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French franc — 1795 to euro conversion · Dated observations: 1795–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French francCFP franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFP franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFP francXPFVanuatu vatu / New Hebrides franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vanuatu vatu / New Hebrides franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vanuatu vatu / New Hebrides …VUVFrench Somaliland CFA franc · Dated observations: 1945–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French Somaliland CFA franc · Dated observations: 1945–1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.French Somaliland CFA francDjiboutian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Djiboutian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1949. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Djiboutian francDJFCFA franc (BEAC) · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFA franc (BEAC) · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFA francXAFEUR · 1 January 1999 · euro anchor introduced · Dated anchor; duration not established · XAF acquired an explicit euro anchor from 1 January 1999 under the continuing monetary cooperation arrangements.Equatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele · Dated observations: 1969–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Equatorial Guinean peseta / ekwele · Dated observations: 1969–1985. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Equatorial Guinean peseta / …Algerian franc · Dated observations: 1851–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Algerian franc · Dated observations: 1851–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Algerian francAlgerian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Algerian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Algerian dinarDZDZurich gulden account unit · Dated observations: 1803–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zurich gulden account unit · Dated observations: 1803–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zurich gulden account unitEastern Swiss Reichswährung gulden (contract unit) · Dated observations: 1851–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Eastern Swiss Reichswährung gulden (contract unit) · Dated observations: 1851–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Eastern Swiss Reichswährung …Swiss franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1850–1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swiss franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1850–1865. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swiss francCHFBernese–Helvetic old franc · Dated observations: 1767–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bernese–Helvetic old franc · Dated observations: 1767–1852. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bernese–Helvetic old francSerbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar — account continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav…Serbian dinar — occupation-era currency · Dated observations: 1941–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian dinar — occupation-era currency · Dated observations: 1941–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Serbian dinarCroatian kuna — 1994 currency · Dated observations: 1994–2023. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Croatian kuna — 1994 currency · Dated observations: 1994–2023. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Croatian kunaCroatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency · Dated observations: 1991–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Croatian dinar — 1991–1994 transitional currency · Dated observations: 1991–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Croatian dinarSlovenian tolar · Dated observations: 1991–2007. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovenian tolar · Dated observations: 1991–2007. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovenian tolarPostwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations · Dated observations: 1945–1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Postwar Yugoslav dinar — before successor separations · Dated observations: 1945–1992. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Postwar Yugoslav dinarFederal Yugoslav / Serbian dinar — successor continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Federal Yugoslav / Serbian dinar — successor continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Federal Yugoslav / Serbian d…RSDMacedonian denar — national continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Macedonian denar — national continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Macedonian denarMKDKatangese franc · Dated observations: 1960–1963. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Katangese franc · Dated observations: 1960–1963. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Katangese francCongolese franc, pre-1967 · Dated observations: 1886–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Congolese franc, pre-1967 · Dated observations: 1886–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Congolese franc, pre-1967Rwanda–Burundi franc · Dated observations: 1960–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Rwanda–Burundi franc · Dated observations: 1960–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Rwanda–Burundi francBurundian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Burundian franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Burundian francBIFRwandan franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Rwandan franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Rwandan francRWFZaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales · Dated observations: 1967–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zaire — 1967 and 1993 unit scales · Dated observations: 1967–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.ZaireCongolese franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Congolese franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Congolese francCDFTunisian franc · Dated observations: 1891–1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian franc · Dated observations: 1891–1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian francFrench franc · 1891 · unit adoption event · Adopted unit event; no continuing peg inferred · Tunisia adopted the French franc unit in the implemented 1891 reform while replacing local piastre accounting.Tunisian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian dinar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1958. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian dinarTNDAlbanian gold franc / frang · Dated observations: 1920–1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Albanian gold franc / frang · Dated observations: 1920–1947. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Albanian gold franc / frangAlbanian lek · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Albanian lek · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1947–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Albanian lekALLMoroccan franc · Dated observations: 1920–1959. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan franc · Dated observations: 1920–1959. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan francMoroccan dirham · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1959. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan dirham · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1959. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan dirhamMADGuinea-Bissau peso · Dated observations: 1976–1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinea-Bissau peso · Dated observations: 1976–1997. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinea-Bissau pesoMalian franc · Dated observations: 1962–1984. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malian franc · Dated observations: 1962–1984. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malian francCFA franc (BCEAO) · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFA franc (BCEAO) · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1945–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.CFA francXOFEUR · 1 January 1999 · euro anchor introduced · Dated anchor; duration not established · XOF acquired an explicit euro anchor from 1 January 1999 under the continuing monetary cooperation arrangements.Mauritanian ouguiya · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973–2018. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritanian ouguiya · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973–2018. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Mauritanian ouguiyaMRUGuinean franc, first unit · Dated observations: 1960–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean franc, first unit · Dated observations: 1960–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean franc, first unitGuinean syli · Dated observations: 1972–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean syli · Dated observations: 1972–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean syliGuinean franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1960–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean franc · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1960–1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Guinean francGNFNorthern Ethiopian amole reckoning · Dated observations: 1520–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning · Dated observations: 1520–1911. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Northern Ethiopian amole rec…Asante gold-account reckoning · Dated observations: 1800–1929. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Asante gold-account reckoning · Dated observations: 1800–1929. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Asante gold-account reckoningTunisian piastre / riyal reckoning · Dated observations: 1856–1891. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian piastre / riyal reckoning · Dated observations: 1856–1891. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tunisian piastre / riyal rec…Buganda simbi / kiasa reckoning · Dated observations: 1857–1909. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Buganda simbi / kiasa reckoning · Dated observations: 1857–1909. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Buganda simbi / kiasa reckon…East African coastal doti-merikani reckoning · Dated observations: 1870. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East African coastal doti-merikani reckoning · Dated observations: 1870. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East African coastal doti-me…Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoning · Dated observations: 1874. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoning · Dated observations: 1874. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoningCongo state-regulated mitako reckoning · Dated observations: 1886–1901. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Congo state-regulated mitako reckoning · Dated observations: 1886–1901. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Congo state-regulated mitako…Tolai tambu reckoning · Dated observations: 1899–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tolai tambu reckoning · Dated observations: 1899–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tolai tambu reckoningMoroccan Hassani reckoning · Dated observations: 1907–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan Hassani reckoning · Dated observations: 1907–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moroccan Hassani reckoningKove tambu obligation reckoning · Dated observations: 1966–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Kove tambu obligation reckoning · Dated observations: 1966–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kove tambu obligation reckon…South German florin — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South German florin — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South German florinHamburg mark banco · Dated observations: 1619–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hamburg mark banco · Dated observations: 1619–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hamburg mark bancoOld Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit · Dated observations: 1802–1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit · Dated observations: 1802–1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi …Greek phoenix · Dated observations: 1828–1833. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Greek phoenix · Dated observations: 1828–1833. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Greek phoenixModern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity · Dated observations: 1833–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Modern Greek drachma — 1833 to euro continuity · Dated observations: 1833–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Modern Greek drachmaLatvian ruble — 1919-era currency · Dated observations: 1920–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian ruble — 1919-era currency · Dated observations: 1920–1922. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian rubleLatvian lats — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian lats — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian latsEuropean unit of account (EUA) · Dated observations: 1975–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.European unit of account (EUA) · Dated observations: 1975–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.European unit of accountEuropean Currency Unit (ECU) · Dated observations: 1978–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.European Currency Unit (ECU) · Dated observations: 1978–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.European Currency UnitEuro — converging national replacements · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1999–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Euro — converging national replacements · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1999–2026. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.EuroEURLuxembourg franc · Dated observations: 1849–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Luxembourg franc · Dated observations: 1849–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Luxembourg francAruban florin · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Aruban florin · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1986. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Aruban florinAWGCuraçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1933–2025. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Curaçao / Antillean / Caribbean guilder · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1933–2025. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Curaçao / Antillean / Caribb…XCGDutch guilder (euro predecessor) · Dated observations: 1526–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Dutch guilder (euro predecessor) · Dated observations: 1526–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Dutch guilderSurinamese guilder · Dated observations: 1940–2004. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Surinamese guilder · Dated observations: 1940–2004. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Surinamese guilderSurinamese dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2004. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Surinamese dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2004. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Surinamese dollarSRDDutch lion-dollar trade account unit · Dated observations: 1690. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit · Dated observations: 1690. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Dutch lion-dollar trade acco…Romanian leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1757–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Romanian leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1757–2005. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Romanian leuRONSwedish riksdaler specie · Dated observations: 1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Swedish riksdaler specie · Dated observations: 1789. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan. Retained connection context; dated evidence need not overlap the selected era.Swedish riksdaler specieSwedish krona · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1789–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish krona · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1789–1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swedish kronaSEKAustrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · Dated observations: 1925–1938. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian schilling — 1925–1938 currency · Dated observations: 1925–1938. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian schillingAustrian krone — post-imperial currency · Dated observations: 1918–1925. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian krone — post-imperial currency · Dated observations: 1918–1925. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian kroneAustrian gulden — pre-1892 unit · Dated observations: 1816–1892. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian gulden — pre-1892 unit · Dated observations: 1816–1892. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian guldenAustro-Hungarian krone · Dated observations: 1892–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austro-Hungarian krone · Dated observations: 1892–1920. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austro-Hungarian kronePost-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom · Dated observations: 1918–1923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom · Dated observations: 1918–1923. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Post-imperial crown circulat…Czechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency · Dated observations: 1919–1939. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czechoslovak koruna — 1919–1939 currency · Dated observations: 1919–1939. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czechoslovak korunaBohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna · Dated observations: 1939–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna · Dated observations: 1939–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bohemian and Moravian / Prot…Slovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency · Dated observations: 1939–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovak koruna — 1939–1945 currency · Dated observations: 1939–1945. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovak korunaCzechoslovak koruna — postwar currency · Dated observations: 1945–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czechoslovak koruna — postwar currency · Dated observations: 1945–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czechoslovak korunaCzech koruna — 1993 currency · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czech koruna — 1993 currency · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Czech korunaCZKSlovak koruna — 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2009. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovak koruna — 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2009. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Slovak korunaHungarian korona — post-imperial account unit · Dated observations: 1920–1927. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian korona — post-imperial account unit · Dated observations: 1920–1927. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian koronaHungarian pengő · Dated observations: 1927–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian pengő · Dated observations: 1927–1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian pengőHungarian forint · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian forint · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Hungarian forintHUFDanish rigsdaler · Dated observations: 1873–1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danish rigsdaler · Dated observations: 1873–1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danish rigsdalerDanish krone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1873–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danish krone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1873–1926. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danish kroneDKKIcelandic króna · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1885–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Icelandic króna · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1885–1981. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Icelandic krónaISKPolish złoty · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1924–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Polish złoty · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1924–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Polish złotyPLNPolish mark · Dated observations: 1919–1924. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Polish mark · Dated observations: 1919–1924. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Polish markPrussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit · Dated observations: 1873. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Prussian thalerEstonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · Dated observations: 1918–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Estonian interwar currency — mark and kroon · Dated observations: 1918–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Estonian interwar currencyLithuanian litas — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian litas — interwar currency · Dated observations: 1922–1941. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian litasGerman mark — 1871–1948 continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.German mark — 1871–1948 continuity · Dated observations: 1873–1948. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.German markDanzig gulden · Dated observations: 1923–1939. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danzig gulden · Dated observations: 1923–1939. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Danzig guldenAustrian schilling — postwar currency · Dated observations: 1945–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian schilling — postwar currency · Dated observations: 1945–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Austrian schillingEast German mark — 1948 currency and later names · Dated observations: 1948–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East German mark — 1948 currency and later names · Dated observations: 1948–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.East German markDeutsche Mark · Dated observations: 1948–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Deutsche Mark · Dated observations: 1948–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Deutsche MarkNorwegian speciedaler · Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Norwegian speciedaler · Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Norwegian speciedalerNorwegian krone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Norwegian krone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1875. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Norwegian kroneNOKRiau Islands rupiah · Dated observations: 1963–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Riau Islands rupiah · Dated observations: 1963–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Riau Islands rupiahIndonesian rupiah · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indonesian rupiah · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1946–1964. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Indonesian rupiahIDRBosnia and Herzegovina dinar · Dated observations: 1992–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar · Dated observations: 1992–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bosnia and Herzegovina dinarBosnian convertible mark · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1997–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bosnian convertible mark · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1997–1998. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bosnian convertible markBAMLatvian lats — restored 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2014. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian lats — restored 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2014. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian latsLatvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency · Dated observations: 1992–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian ruble — temporary 1992 currency · Dated observations: 1992–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Latvian rubleLithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2015. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian litas — restored 1993 currency · Dated observations: 1993–2015. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian litasLithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 · Dated observations: 1992–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian talonas — temporary currency 1992–1993 · Dated observations: 1992–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lithuanian talonasUkrainian hryvnia · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ukrainian hryvnia · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ukrainian hryvniaUAHUkrainian karbovanets · Dated observations: 1992–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ukrainian karbovanets · Dated observations: 1992–1996. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ukrainian karbovanetsKazakhstani tenge · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kazakhstani tenge · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kazakhstani tengeKZTEstonian kroon — restored 1992 currency · Dated observations: 1992–2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Estonian kroon — restored 1992 currency · Dated observations: 1992–2011. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Estonian kroonBelarusian ruble · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2016. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Belarusian ruble · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2016. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Belarusian rubleBYNAzerbaijani manat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Azerbaijani manat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1992–2006. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Azerbaijani manatAZNFinnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity · Dated observations: 1860–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Finnish markka — 1860 to euro continuity · Dated observations: 1860–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Finnish markkaRussian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1497–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Russian ruble — Muscovite, Imperial, Soviet and Russian account continuity · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1497–1999. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Russian rubleRUBTurkmen manat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Turkmen manat · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Turkmen manatTMTKyrgyzstani som · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kyrgyzstani som · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Kyrgyzstani somKGSArmenian dram · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Armenian dram · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Armenian dramAMDGeorgian coupon · Dated observations: 1993–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Georgian coupon · Dated observations: 1993–1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Georgian couponGeorgian lari · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Georgian lari · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1995. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Georgian lariGELMoldovan cupon · Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moldovan cupon · Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moldovan cuponMoldovan leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moldovan leu · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Moldovan leuMDLUzbekistani sum-coupon · Dated observations: 1993–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uzbekistani sum-coupon · Dated observations: 1993–1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uzbekistani sum-couponUzbekistani sum · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uzbekistani sum · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1994. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Uzbekistani sumUZSTajikistani ruble · Dated observations: 1995–2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tajikistani ruble · Dated observations: 1995–2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tajikistani rubleTajikistani somoni · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tajikistani somoni · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 2000. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tajikistani somoniTJSPapua New Guinean kina · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Papua New Guinean kina · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Papua New Guinean kinaPGKAustralian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Australian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966–1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Australian dollarAUDSolomon Islands dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Solomon Islands dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1977. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Solomon Islands dollarSBDAustralian pound · Dated observations: 1825–1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Australian pound · Dated observations: 1825–1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Australian poundCayman Islands dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cayman Islands dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cayman Islands dollarKYDJamaican dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1969–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jamaican dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1969–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jamaican dollarJMDJamaican pound · Dated observations: 1840–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jamaican pound · Dated observations: 1840–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Jamaican poundGhanaian cedis · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ghanaian cedis · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1965–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ghanaian cedisGHSGhanaian pound · Dated observations: 1958–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ghanaian pound · Dated observations: 1958–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Ghanaian poundBiafran pound · Dated observations: 1967–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Biafran pound · Dated observations: 1967–1972. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Biafran poundNigerian pound · Dated observations: 1959–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nigerian pound · Dated observations: 1959–1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nigerian poundNigerian naira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nigerian naira · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1973. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Nigerian nairaNGNSierra Leonean leone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964–2023. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sierra Leonean leone · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1964–2023. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Sierra Leonean leoneSLEWest African Currency Board pound · Dated observations: 1912–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.West African Currency Board pound · Dated observations: 1912–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.West African Currency Board …Gambian pound · Dated observations: 1964–1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambian pound · Dated observations: 1964–1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambian poundGambian dalasi · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambian dalasi · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Gambian dalasiGMDIrish pound — pre-1826 account unit · Dated observations: 1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Irish pound — pre-1826 account unit · Dated observations: 1826. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Irish poundBritish Columbia decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1866–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Columbia decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1866–1881. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.British Columbia decimal dol…Vancouver Island decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1863–1867. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vancouver Island decimal dollar · Dated observations: 1863–1867. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Vancouver Island decimal dol…Fiji dollar, 1969 reform · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Fiji dollar, 1969 reform · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Fiji dollar, 1969 reformFJDFiji pound · Dated observations: 1914–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Fiji pound · Dated observations: 1914–1969. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Fiji poundFalkland Islands pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1899–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Falkland Islands pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1899–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Falkland Islands poundFKPCypriot pound · Dated observations: 1879–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cypriot pound · Dated observations: 1879–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Cypriot poundPound sterling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: AD 786–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Qualified early account-unit extension; later currency evidence is evaluated separately.Pound sterling · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: AD 786–1990. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Pound sterlingGBPSaint Helena pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975–1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Saint Helena pound · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1975–1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Saint Helena poundSHPBermudian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1970. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bermudian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1970. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bermudian dollarBMDUSD · 31 July 1972 introduction; ending unreviewed · Dated anchor; duration not established · Bermuda fixed its dollar at USD parity on 31 July 1972 under amended authority to define its external value beyond sterling.Bahamian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bahamian dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1966. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Bahamian dollarBSDIrish pound — modern currency · Dated observations: 1927–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Irish pound — modern currency · Dated observations: 1927–2002. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Irish poundMaltese pound / lira · Dated observations: 1914–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Maltese pound / lira · Dated observations: 1914–2008. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Maltese pound / liraSouth African pound · Dated observations: 1914–1961. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South African pound · Dated observations: 1914–1961. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South African poundSwazi lilangeni · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swazi lilangeni · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1974. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Swazi lilangeniSZLSouth African rand — origin and Namibia context · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South African rand — origin and Namibia context · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1961–1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.South African randZARBotswana pula · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Botswana pula · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1976. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Botswana pulaBWPLesotho loti · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lesotho loti · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1980. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Lesotho lotiLSLNamibia dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Namibia dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1993. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Namibia dollarNADTongan pound · Dated observations: 1921–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tongan pound · Dated observations: 1921–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tongan poundTongan paʻanga · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tongan paʻanga · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Tongan paʻangaTOPSouthern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency · Dated observations: 1932–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Southern Rhodesian / Central African pound — including federal currency · Dated observations: 1932–1965. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Southern Rhodesian / Central…Malawi pound · Dated observations: 1964–1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malawi pound · Dated observations: 1964–1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malawi poundMalawi kwacha · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malawi kwacha · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1971. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Malawi kwachaMWKZambian pound · Dated observations: 1964–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zambian pound · Dated observations: 1964–1968. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zambian poundZambian kwacha · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1968–2013. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zambian kwacha · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1968–2013. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Zambian kwachaZMWNew Zealand pound · Dated observations: 1933–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Zealand pound · Dated observations: 1933–1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Zealand poundNew Zealand dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Zealand dollar · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.New Zealand dollarNZDSamoan tālā · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Samoan tālā · Current currency in the v44 endpoint register; solid track to 2026. Dated observations: 1967. Observation dates do not define the complete lifespan.Samoan tālāWST2600 BC600 BCAD 1AD 800150018001900195020002026Time is compressed between labelled dates. Select a history to enlarge it.

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