Where did this money come from?
Euro
A history told through its predecessors and the currencies that followed.
65 ancestors0 descendantsEstablished connections in this atlas
Follow a name to its history. Select a dated connection for its evidence.
DocumentedQualified
This currency also received later contributions, distinguished below from its origins.
Explore the euro’s 22 converging predecessors →
The incoming line
All 65 ancestors shown. Predecessors lead down to the selected currency. Later contributions join an existing currency; they do not establish its origin.
Predecessor332 BC–259 BC
Attic drachma accountingQualified · Intervening stages openLater contributionAD 296–AD 351
Egyptian silver drachma accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessorAD 274–AD 375
Roman as–denarius–sestertius accountingQualified · Intervening stages openPredecessorAD 400–AD 700
Roman solidus–nomisma accountingQualified · Intervening stages openMultiple connections
Frankish denier–livre reckoning4 connections · Includes qualified linksLater contribution1100–1500
Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accountingQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1435–1436
Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accountingDocumentedLater contribution1826–1842
Genoese liraDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1864
Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accountingDocumentedPredecessor1795–1799
Livre tournoisDocumentedPredecessor1911
Portuguese realDocumentedMultiple connections
Dutch guilder3 connections · Includes later contributionsLater contribution1873
Hamburg mark bancoDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution1690
Dutch lion-dollar trade account unitQualified · Later contributionPredecessor1833
Turkish liraDocumentedMultiple connections
French franc2 connectionsPredecessor1816–1826
Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unitDocumentedPredecessor1892
Austrian guldenDocumentedPredecessor1999
Italian liraDocumentedLater contribution1826
Irish poundDocumented · Later contributionMultiple connectionsGBP · GIP
Pound sterling3 connectionsPredecessor1833
Greek phoenixDocumentedPredecessor1999
Belgian francDocumentedLater contribution2001
Modern Greek drachmaDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution1878–1879
Serbian groš accountingDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1999
Luxembourg francDocumentedPredecessor1868–1870
Spanish escudo —1864 account unitDocumentedPredecessor1999
Spanish pesetaDocumentedPredecessor1873
Prussian thalerDocumentedPredecessor1873
South German florinDocumentedLater contribution2008
Cypriot poundDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution2026
Bulgarian levDocumented · Later contributionMultiple connections
Austro-Hungarian krone3 connectionsPredecessor1999
Portuguese escudoDocumentedLater contribution2008
Maltese pound / liraDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1925
Austrian kroneDocumentedLater contribution1920–1923
Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdomDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1941
Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinarDocumentedMultiple connections
Czechoslovak koruna2 connectionsLater contribution1938
Austrian schillingDocumented · Later contributionMultiple connections
German mark5 connectionsLater contribution1940
Estonian interwar currencyDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution1940
Lithuanian litasDocumented · Later contributionMultiple connectionsRUB
Russian ruble4 connections · Includes qualified linksPredecessor1999
Finnish markkaDocumentedPredecessor1999
Irish poundDocumentedPredecessor1945
Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate korunaDocumentedPredecessor1945
Slovak korunaDocumentedLater contribution1945
Serbian dinarDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1999
Austrian schillingDocumentedPredecessor1993
Czechoslovak korunaDocumentedMultiple connections
Postwar Yugoslav dinar2 connectionsLater contribution1990
East German markDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1999
Deutsche MarkDocumentedLater contribution1981
European unit of accountDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1999
European Currency UnitDocumentedPredecessor1994
Croatian dinarDocumentedLater contribution2007
Slovenian tolarDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution2011
Estonian kroonDocumented · Later contributionPredecessor1993
Latvian rubleDocumentedPredecessor1993
Lithuanian talonasDocumentedLater contribution2014
Latvian latsDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution2015
Lithuanian litasDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution2009
Slovak korunaDocumented · Later contributionLater contribution2023
Croatian kunaDocumented · Later contributionThis currencyEUR
EuroDates, conversion terms and evidence 84 connections
Livre tournois French franc
1795–1799Documented1.0125 Livre tournois = 1 French francThe tariff equates 1.0125 livres tournois with 1 franc. Preferred reported date: 25 germinal IV / 14 April 1796 (S16). S17 says 24 germinal. Day remains withheld pending the original act.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Irish pound Pound sterling
1826DocumentedLater contribution or absorption13/12 Irish pound = 1 GBPAccount equivalence described in Commons debate, not a market observation or enacted conversion instrument.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian schilling Euro
1999Documented13.7603 Austrian schilling = 1 EURPublished ATS units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Belgian franc Euro
1999Documented40.3399 Belgian franc = 1 EURPublished BEF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Deutsche Mark Euro
1999Documented1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 EURPublished DEM units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Spanish peseta Euro
1999Documented166.386 Spanish peseta = 1 EURPublished ESP units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Finnish markka Euro
1999Documented5.94573 Finnish markka = 1 EURPublished FIM units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗French franc Euro
1999Documented6.55957 French franc = 1 EURPublished FRF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Irish pound Euro
1999Documented0.787564 Irish pound = 1 EURPublished IEP units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Italian lira Euro
1999Documented1936.27 Italian lira = 1 EURPublished ITL units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Luxembourg franc Euro
1999Documented40.3399 Luxembourg franc = 1 EURPublished LUF units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Euro
1999Documented2.20371 Dutch guilder = 1 EURPublished NLG units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese escudo Euro
1999Documented200.482 Portuguese escudo = 1 EURPublished PTE units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Modern Greek drachma Euro
2001DocumentedLater contribution or absorption340.750 Modern Greek drachma = 1 EURPublished GRD units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Slovenian tolar Euro
2007DocumentedLater contribution or absorption239.640 Slovenian tolar = 1 EURPublished SIT units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Cypriot pound Euro
2008DocumentedLater contribution or absorption0.585274 Cypriot pound = 1 EURPublished CYP units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Maltese pound / lira Euro
2008DocumentedLater contribution or absorption0.429300 Maltese pound / lira = 1 EURPublished MTL units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Slovak koruna Euro
2009DocumentedLater contribution or absorption30.1260 Slovak koruna = 1 EURPublished SKK units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Estonian kroon Euro
2011DocumentedLater contribution or absorption15.6466 Estonian kroon = 1 EURPublished EEK units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Latvian lats Euro
2014DocumentedLater contribution or absorption0.702804 Latvian lats = 1 EURPublished LVL units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Lithuanian litas Euro
2015DocumentedLater contribution or absorption3.45280 Lithuanian litas = 1 EURPublished LTL units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Croatian kuna Euro
2023DocumentedLater contribution or absorption7.53450 Croatian kuna = 1 EURPublished HRK units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Bulgarian lev Euro
2026DocumentedLater contribution or absorption1.95583 Bulgarian lev = 1 EURPublished BGN units per one euro. This terminal scale is not interchangeable with earlier redenomination epochs.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Estonian interwar currency Russian ruble
1940DocumentedLater contribution or absorption0.8 Estonian interwar currency = 1 RUBEstonia introduced Soviet rubles at 1.25 rubles per kroon. Kroons temporarily co-circulated; the displayed ratio is kroons per ruble.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Russian ruble Estonian kroon
1992Documented10 RUB = 1 Estonian kroonEstonia generally exchanged 10 rubles per kroon. Cash above 1,500 rubles used 50:1; do not apply 10:1 to every holding.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Russian ruble Latvian ruble
1992Documented1 RUB = 1 Latvian rubleLatvian rubles entered alongside Soviet and Russian notes at 1:1. The inherited ruble-zone unit, not the later 1998 Russian ruble scale.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Latvian ruble Latvian lats
1993Documented200 Latvian ruble = 1 Latvian latsThe lats entered at 200 Latvian rubles per lats. Five-lats notes came first. The June date in Bundesbank metadata refers to later denominations; it is not first lats circulation.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Lithuanian litas
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Lithuanian litas Russian ruble
1940DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Russian ruble Lithuanian talonas
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Lithuanian talonas Lithuanian litas
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Postwar Yugoslav dinar Croatian dinar
1991Documented1 Postwar Yugoslav dinar = 1 Croatian dinarCroatian dinars replaced Yugoslav dinars at par.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Croatian dinar Croatian kuna
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Postwar Yugoslav dinar Slovenian tolar
1991Documented1 Postwar Yugoslav dinar = 1 Slovenian tolarSlovenian tolars replaced Yugoslav dinars at par.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian gulden Austro-Hungarian krone
1892Documented0.5 Austrian gulden = 1 Austro-Hungarian kroneThe krone replaced the gulden at two kronen per gulden. Gulden notes continued through the transition to 1900.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austro-Hungarian krone Austrian krone
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian krone Austrian schilling
1925Documented10000 Austrian krone = 1 Austrian schillingThe schilling replaced the Austrian crown at 10,000 crowns per schilling. Year-level date distinguishes the accounting law from the March cash milestones.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austrian schilling German mark
1938DocumentedLater contribution or absorption1.5 Austrian schilling = 1 German markAustria adopted the Reichsmark at 1.5 schillings per Reichsmark.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Austrian schilling
1945Documented1 German mark = 1 Austrian schillingPostwar Austrian schillings replaced Reichsmarks at 1:1 under restricted exchange rules. One of two incoming monetary instruments; no exclusive single parent assigned.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austro-Hungarian krone Czechoslovak koruna
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Czechoslovak koruna Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Czechoslovak koruna Slovak koruna
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna Czechoslovak koruna
1945Documented1 Bohemian and Moravian / Protectorate koruna = 1 Czechoslovak korunaCzech and Slovak monetary areas were reunified into the Czechoslovak koruna at 1:1. Parity of monetary units; unrestricted conversion of all cash or deposits is not implied.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Slovak koruna Czechoslovak koruna
1945Documented1 Slovak koruna = 1 Czechoslovak korunaThe wartime Slovak koruna joined the restored Czechoslovak currency at 1:1.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Czechoslovak koruna Slovak koruna
1993Documented1 Czechoslovak koruna = 1 Slovak korunaSlovak korunas replaced Czechoslovak korunas at par.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Greek phoenix Modern Greek drachma
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Pound sterling Irish pound
1927–1928Documented1 GBP = 1 Irish poundThe Saorstat pound established a national currency at sterling parity under the 1927 Act, followed by the 1928 issue. National monetary separation with continuing sterling circulation; not a revival conversion from the pre-1826 Irish unit.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Prussian thaler German mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗South German florin German mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Deutsche Mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark East German mark
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗East German mark Deutsche Mark
1990DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Austro-Hungarian krone Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar
1920–1923DocumentedLater contribution or absorption4 Post-imperial crown circulating in the South Slav kingdom = 1 Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinarCrown exchange into dinars began at four crowns per dinar.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar Serbian dinar
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Serbian dinar Postwar Yugoslav dinar
1945DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese real Portuguese escudo
1911Documented1 escudo = 1,000 réis
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Livre tournois
Evidence period: AD 794–1204QualifiedA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit Turkish lira
1690QualifiedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Egyptian silver drachma accounting Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting
Evidence period: AD 296–AD 351QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Russian ruble Finnish markka
1860–1863Qualified0.25 RUB = 1 Finnish markkaFinland introduced the markka as one quarter of a silver ruble in 1860, replacing rubles in accounts and transactions from 1863. A staged unit derivation within the Russian Empire, not instantaneous withdrawal of every Russian coin.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Pound sterling Maltese pound / lira
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Pound sterling Cypriot pound
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Hamburg mark banco German mark
1873DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗European Currency Unit Euro
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗European unit of account European Currency Unit
1981DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗German mark Estonian interwar currency
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Luxembourg franc
1849DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗French franc Bulgarian lev
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting Portuguese real
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Spanish escudo —1864 account unit Spanish peseta
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit Italian lira
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Genoese lira Italian lira
1826–1842DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Turkish lira Serbian groš accounting
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Serbian groš accounting Serbian and Kingdom Yugoslav dinar
1878–1879DocumentedLater contribution or absorption
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting Spanish escudo —1864 account unit
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Roman solidus–nomisma accounting Frankish denier–livre reckoning
Evidence period: AD 400–AD 700QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Portuguese dinheiro–soldo–libra accounting
Evidence period: AD 800–1145QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting Castilian maravedí / real de vellón accounting
Evidence period: 1100–1500QualifiedLater contribution or absorptionA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Attic drachma accounting Egyptian silver drachma accounting
Evidence period: 332 BC–259 BCQualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Roman as–denarius–sestertius accounting Roman solidus–nomisma accounting
Evidence period: AD 274–AD 375QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Pound sterling
Evidence period: AD 600–1087QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Dutch guilder Belgian franc
1832–1833Documented0.4725 Dutch guilder = 1 Belgian franc1 Belgian franc = 47¼ Netherlands cents; conversion of earlier florin obligations under article 25, not a universal coin tariff.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗Frankish denier–livre reckoning Genoese lira
Evidence period: 1138–1141QualifiedEarlier ancestry; intervening stages remain openA span of evidence, not an exact foundation date.
Read the evidence and qualifications ↗No successor is established here. This does not imply extinction.