Checking the map’s missing parents

All 401 currencies and 360 admitted connections now agree across the whole-history map and enlarged histories.

The review examined every one of the 98 previously disconnected roots against the retained claims, relationship records and source references. The first pass restored New Brunswick pound to New Brunswick dollar. Targeted European research has since added five more connections. The remaining 92 roots are research gaps, not claims that those currencies had no ancestors. Read the European findings and qualifications →

New Brunswick: pound to dollar

The 1860 Act required public accounts in dollars and cents at four dollars to the existing local pound, effective 1 November. Parallel pound columns remained permitted. The map now draws that direct connection between the two retained currency identities.

Read the dollar’s history → · New Brunswick, 23 Victoria chapter 48 (1860), sections 1, 4, 8 and 9

Map projections and highlighting

Enlarged histories previously cut off ancestors of outside relatives after one generation. They now include the incoming chain for every currency shown. Automatic checks find no omitted parent or undrawn admitted connection in any of the 18 views.

Highlighting walks backward and forward separately from the selected currency. It never turns at an ancestor to include that ancestor’s other descendants, or at a successor to include that successor’s other predecessors. Every displayed connection participates, including later replacements and absorptions. Monetary anchors remain separate.

Scope and limits

The first pass reconciled existing documentation. The European follow-up read additional laws and scholarship for Belgian, Swiss, Spanish and Genoese accounting. This is not a fresh reading of every cited publication. Missing origin evidence, unreviewed candidates, coin design, common names and parity remain distinguished in the individual assessments below.

All 98 root assessments

Achaemenid daric payment unit

Parent remains unresolved

Daric-denominated military pay is established. Persian continuation of Croeseid coin issues does not resolve a Croeseid-account to daric identity boundary; the proposed later Sardian conversion also lacks an exact conquest-date anchor.

C1037 · C1038 · C1055 · C1333
S129 · S485 · S646

Afghan rupee — Kabuli account unit

Parent remains unresolved

Kabuli-rupee reckoning is established as the predecessor replaced by the afghani in 1925–1926. A Mughal-to-Kabuli regional account inheritance is still missing; the rupee name and old standard-match candidate do not supply it.

C1136 · C2014
S1041 · S324 · S539 · S913

Albanian gold franc / frang

Parent remains unresolved

Existing gold-franc reckoning precedes national bank issuance; no issuer-based new identity or demonstrated founding parent.

C1768 · C1769 · C1770 · C1809
S918 · S919 · S920

Algerian franc

Parent remains unresolved

French fiscal use precedes Algerian accounts distinguished by 1878; separation enactment and date unresolved; unreviewed LEG00281.

C1811 · C1774
S856 · S857

Asante gold-account reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Peredwan and its fractions denominate fines and distributions. Metrological relationships to other gold standards do not establish an inherited parent, and full lifecycle termination remains unresolved.

C1356 · C1726
S671

Astur-Leonese and Castilian solidus–dinero accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Local charter solidus/dinero obligations are documented and retained within one account profile. Frankish denarii as their source is explicitly hypothetical; Visigothic-to-northwestern-Iberian continuity and the León-to-Portugal boundary remain unresolved.

C1891 · C1892 · C1983 · C1995 · C2095
S1033 · S993

Attic drachma accounting — Athenian, Alexandrine and Bactrian traditions

Parent remains unresolved

Attic treasury and property obligations establish the account, with qualified Alexandrine/Bactrian regional continuations grouped inside it. Neither those witnesses nor separate kasapana records demonstrate an earlier Lydian or Persian account parent.

C1377 · C1378 · C2018 · C2088 · C2089
S1051 · S1067 · S1093 · S1094 · S1095 · S689 · S690

Austrian gulden — pre-1892 unit

Parent remains unresolved

Convention and Austrian-standard changes retained within identity; outgoing krone conversion documented; LEG00327 unreviewed.

C1786 · C1787 · C844
S937 · S426

Balinese cash / pisis accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Balinese cash/pisis legal reckoning is recorded as cash displaced older measures. The inspected wording does not establish carry-over of masaka balances or a precise conversion, so the earlier account remains a candidate rather than parent.

C2060 · C2061
S1078 · S1079

Balinese masaka accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Sukawana and Sembiran inheritance provisions value heterogeneous estates in masaka/ma. Shared scales and later legal wording do not establish a preceding Javanese parent or continuous conversion into pisis.

C2058 · C2059 · C2061
S1078 · S1079

Belgian franc

Connection restored

The Belgian monetary law of 5 June 1832 replaced Netherlands-florin reckoning in Belgian public accounts and inherited obligations. Articles 25–26 prescribed 47¼ Netherlands cents per Belgian franc for earlier florin contracts, orders and mandates, and required francs and centimes in public and administrative acts from 1 January 1833. This was a territorial account substitution, not the extinction of the Dutch guilder elsewhere or an immediate recall of all older coins.

C782 · C1653 · C2108
S398 · S1103

Boliviano

Parent remains unresolved

The 1826 salary-peso observation is documented, but its identity with the 1863 boliviano across strong/feble peso practices remains unresolved. The old eight-soles candidate is not a supported incoming conversion.

C1340 · C1341 · C1342
S660 · S661

Bombay xeraphin accounting

Parent remains unresolved

The 1674 Aungier Convention's annual xeraphin contribution establishes Bombay obligations. A Portuguese xerafim predecessor cannot be assumed from the name without an account-identity bridge.

C2045 · C2046
S1072

Buganda simbi / kiasa reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Buganda shell counting establishes local simbi/kiasa obligations. The later cent design's kiasa influence does not prove cowrie-account ancestry of an existing rupee; neither an earlier parent nor full successor conversion is established.

C2064 · C2065 · C2066 · C2069
S1081 · S1082 · S1083

Cambodian bat–ligature legal accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Aymonier distinguishes legal bat/ligature/damleng accounts from weights. Ten-tiền subdivision imitation is limited influence; derivation of the whole account from Thai money and later piastre absorption remain unverified.

C2055 · C2056
S1077

Cambodian riel

Parent remains unresolved

The 1980 riel restored the currency name and entered salary/purchase accounts after abolition. Carry-over or redemption of pre-1975 balances is not established, so R-V23-015 remains a name-restoration context link rather than ancestry.

C1175 · C1226 · C1292 · C1614
S574 · S591 · S650 · S838 · S839

Central Mexican quachtli reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

A 20-quachtli land transaction and Cuernavaca purchase description support the scoped cloth-value account. They do not establish inheritance from cacao or another named regional unit.

C1361 · C1362
S679

Chilean peso

Parent remains unresolved

The 1851 law defines Chilean peso decimal accounting and later peso-to-escudo succession is documented. The preceding Spanish-peso to Chilean national account boundary is not established by the retained evidence; LEG00056 remains unreviewed.

C1272 · C1017
S624 · S625 · S98

Cochin panam / fanam accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Paolino records local panam prices during 1776–1789 and exchange against outside rupees. This distinguishes Cochin reckoning but does not establish a rupee parent or inheritance from other fanam-named accounts.

C2044
S1071

Congo state-regulated mitako reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Mitako prices and reported decrees regulate salary use and conversion to state currency. The original laws are uninspected and do not establish the unit's inherited predecessor or a universal extinction/conversion event.

C1355 · C1725
S670

Congolese franc, pre-1967

Parent remains unresolved

Autonomous 1887 Congolese unit; 1886 franc budgeting identity unresolved; Belgian circulation and standard conformity do not establish Belgian ancestry.

C1462 · C1717 · C1772 · C1810
S724 · S855 · S921

Cordoban dinar-dirham accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Cordoban prices, pensions and notarial formulae establish dinar-dirham reckoning. They do not document the incoming account transition from an eastern Islamic unit or outgoing abolition/conversion into later Andalusian systems.

C1913 · C1914 · C1915 · C1950 · C1956
S1007

Costa Rican peso

Parent remains unresolved

Costa Rican peso obligations are attested by 1839 employee-payment vouchers and its later colón replacement is supported. Earlier Federal and Spanish account succession remains unproved in the retained record.

C1273 · C1510 · C1594
S626

Danish rigsdaler

Parent remains unresolved

Outgoing krone conversion documented; LEG00337 incoming standard match unreviewed.

C1110
S251

Dutch guilder (euro predecessor)

Parent remains unresolved

Qualified Carolusguilder continuity from 1526 retained within identity; no separate 1694 or 1816 currency; earlier LEG00343 unreviewed.

C1270
S620 · S621 · S619

Dutch lion-dollar trade account unit

Parent remains unresolved

Scoped Dutch lion-dollar trade account identity excludes generic thalers and mint-date birth; no demonstrated account predecessor.

C1215
S601 · S557

East African coastal doti-merikani reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Coastal export values were reckoned in four-yard doti-merikani by 1870. Variable inland cloth lengths prevent assuming a single cloth currency, and market exchange does not establish a monetary parent or successor.

C2067 · C2069
S1082 · S1083

Eastern Swiss Reichswährung gulden (contract unit)

Parent remains unresolved

Contracts and outgoing federal-franc conversion documented, no founding parent.

C1162
S551

Egyptian pound

Parent remains unresolved

Egyptian medin/para, piastre and pound are retained as one local account identity. Their changing principal scale does not create successive currency parents; a preceding distinct Ottoman or Mamluk account-unit transfer remains unproved.

C1188 · C1291 · C1884 · C1885
S557 · S558 · S647 · S648 · S649 · S906 · S978

Ephesian Artemision gold account unit

Parent remains unresolved

Artemision receipts are aggregated in pure-gold minas, supporting a scoped treasury account. Bullion reckoning coexisting with electrum coins does not establish Lydian electrum or Croeseid ancestry.

C1328 · C1329 · C1330
S644

European unit of account (EUA)

Parent remains unresolved

New basket benchmarked to SDR value; explicitly not SDR replacement.

C652 · C653
S353

Galician solidus accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Galician-usage solidi denominate charter purchases paid in varied goods. Proposed Frankish derivation remains a hypothesis; the gallicanus name, possible French coin use and twelve-part scale do not identify the inherited predecessor unit.

C1893 · C1894 · C2095
S1033 · S993

Gambia River trade bar

Parent remains unresolved

Trade purchases and a reported 300-bar obligation establish Gambia bar reckoning. Equating the author's bars/crowns terminology with another named crown currency would require an account inheritance record absent from these observations.

C1350 · C1351
S668

Genoese lira — commercial and fuori-banco account

Connection restored

Felloni traces the Carolingian pound–shilling–denier system through regional Pavia money to Genoa’s local reckoning. The Genoese mint contract of 1141 specifies lire, and his account follows the Genoese lira through later changes. This supports qualified inherited account ancestry through Italian intermediates, not direct Frankish-to-Genoese debt conversion or parity. The 1138–1141 interval covers mint authorization and account documentation; it is not an exact separation date.

C1404 · C1405 · C1563 · C1803 · C2109
S705 · S935 · S1109

Genoese lira di banco

Connection restored

Genoese banco ledgers opened in 1675 using the commercial lira’s legal valuation. On 1 July 1741 the outside-bank legal tariff changed while banco retained the older valuations. This supports an institutional branch from the commercial account tradition. The direction is a historical inference from the older commercial unit; shared initial valuation was not a permanent peg, and the interval does not date a single founding act.

C1401 · C1402 · C1562 · C2110
S705

Genoese lira di permesso

Connection restored

The Genoese permesso account of 1751 was derived from outside-bank commercial money at 115 market-valued lire to 100 lire di permesso, using valuations published on 28 April. It served specified fiscal and debt-service purposes. The basis was the market or abusiva valuation of commercial money, not the separate statutory tariff of 1741 or the banco lira.

C1406 · C1564 · C2111
S705

Govardhana / Nasik kahapana account

Parent remains unresolved

Govardhana endowment principal and recurring entitlements establish local kahapana accounts. Greek/Persian coin standards and Harappan weights do not demonstrate account inheritance; separate Bactrian kasapana terms have disputed equivalence.

C1823 · C1824 · C1857 · C2035 · C2089 · C2090 · C2091
S1064 · S1067 · S1096 · S1097 · S971 · S972

Granadan dirham–dinar / pesante reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Granadan contracts, debt rescaling and later tax accounts establish local dirham/dinar/pesante continuity. Those scales are internal denominations; an incoming Cordoban-to-Granadan account bridge is not supplied and 1492 is not a demonstrated ending.

C1916 · C1917 · C1918 · C1952 · C1957
S1008 · S1009 · S1010

Greek phoenix

Parent remains unresolved

One-sixth Spanish-dollar valuation is expressly a standard, not compulsory dollar replacement.

C863 · C1654
S429

Haikwan customs tael

Parent remains unresolved

Customs duties and statistics establish Haikwan account use; the 1930 import-duty transition to customs gold units is documented. The 1880 comparison with Kuping taels explicitly leaves the Haikwan standard's origin unexplained.

C1385 · C1665 · C1730 · C2008
S1046 · S541 · S745

Halifax pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

Spanish dollar rated five local shillings; customary continuation after disallowance; no founding account descent demonstrated.

C160 · C316
S11 · S156

Hamburg mark banco

Parent remains unresolved

Compulsory banco denomination and outgoing Reichsmark conversion documented, no founding parent.

C1396 · C1397 · C1423 · C1435
S112 · S702

Hellenistic Sardian chrysous account

Parent remains unresolved

The Mnesimachos mortgage establishes chrysous principal, penalty and tribute reckoning. Proposed derivation from Persian daric assessment remains contested and cannot be assigned a 334 BC conversion merely from conquest chronology.

C1822 · C1856 · C1861 · C1072 · C1073 · C1333
S491 · S504 · S505 · S507 · S646 · S969

Bernese–Helvetic old franc

Parent remains unresolved

French-inspired decimal scheme uses Bernese monetary basis with different silver standard; French succession withheld, Bernese predecessor research gap. Earlier evidence now identifies this unit as the Bernese franc carried into the Helvetic system; its ancestry before Bernese accounting remains unresolved.

C778 · C2105 · C2106
S401 · S1104 · S1105

Hyderabad Osmania / Hali sicca rupee

Parent remains unresolved

Osmania/Hali sicca legal tender, reserves and local price series establish a distinct Hyderabad account. Their later Indian-rupee absorption does not establish a prior Mughal parent without the missing regional account-inheritance evidence.

C1387 · C1388 · C1764 · C1765 · C2014
S1041 · S541 · S913 · S914

Irish pound — pre-1826 account unit

Parent remains unresolved

Sterling assimilation documented; medieval mint/circulation evidence explicitly not uninterrupted unit genealogy.

C296 · C297 · C298 · C303 · C304
S152 · S153 · S155

Japanese silver monme / ginme accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Independent Japanese silver-monme accounts and their later conversion to gold/cash obligations are documented. They are not subdivisions of ryō or mon, and Chinese coin-model transmission does not establish a silver-account parent.

C1382 · C1383 · C1419 · C1420 · C2015
S1047 · S695 · S696

Kongo nzimbu reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

The reported 1575 letter and tribute liabilities establish nzimbu reckoning. The separately reported 1782 measures do not establish a prior currency parent or warrant projecting their factors onto the earlier account.

C1354
S670

Kove tambu obligation reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Loans and bride payments establish quantified Kove tambu obligations. Shared tambu terminology with Tolai is not an attested account transfer; survival is observed in 1966–1972, with origin and later fate unreviewed.

C1359 · C1728
S674

Laguna kati–suwarna debt accounting

Parent remains unresolved

The Laguna inscription records a specific kati/suwarna debt. Shared Javanese monetary vocabulary does not establish inherited account identity or a continuous route into the Philippine peso, and this one witness is not an archipelago-wide currency.

C2062 · C2063
S1080

Madras pagoda–fanam accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Madras pagoda expenses and fanam subdivisions are documented, followed by 1818 rupee conversion. Association of earlier new pagodas with the later Star-pagoda profile is qualified; an incoming regional pagoda account parent is not established.

C2041 · C2042 · C2072
S1068 · S1069 · S1070

Moroccan Hassani reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Hassani transaction reckoning is distinguished from Spanish pesetas and French francs, with its 1920 franc exchange documented. The shared peseta label and conversion do not establish Spanish ancestry of the earlier Hassani account.

C1443 · C1661 · C1729
S725

Mughal rupee–dam accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Mughal rupee/dam/jital salary and fiscal accounts form one identity, with a qualified Bengal/Company successor branch. Delhi tanka-to-Suri/Mughal account continuity remains open; ancient drachm coin circulation is not that bridge.

C2002 · C2004 · C2010 · C2014 · C2035
S1041 · S1042 · S1043 · S1064 · S1067 · S913

Nepalese 16-ganda paisa rupee

Parent remains unresolved

The 1855 endowment distinguishes 16-ganda paisa rupees from mohar rupees, and later consolidation is documented. Its own origin or inherited earlier account unit is not established by the conversion between concurrently valued units.

C1212 · C1511 · C1612
S576 · S577

New Brunswick decimal dollar

Connection restored

Public-account redenomination from the existing New Brunswick pound into dollars at 4:1; optional dollar expression existed earlier, parallel pound columns remained permitted, and the 1852 law continued subject to amendments. Not coin recall or extinction.

C388 · C389 · C397
S187

New Brunswick pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

Existing local pound and sovereign rating documented, not GBP founding descent; statutory dollar successor R0137 omitted.

C385 · C387 · C388 · C389 · C397
S186 · S187

New Jersey provincial pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

Qualified local accounts distinct from sterling obligations documented, no founding conversion.

C1370 · C1371 · C1372 · C1373
S684 · S685

Newfoundland dollar

Parent remains unresolved

1863/1865 decimalization, 1895 Canadian alignment and coinage end documented; founding predecessor unresolved.

C163 · C314 · C315
S11 · S156 · S161

Nguyễn quan–tiền fiscal accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Nguyễn salary and fiscal records establish quan/tiền accounts. Reported Annamese influence on Cambodian ligature subdivisions does not establish an incoming Chinese parent or full outgoing Cambodian account ancestry.

C2052 · C2053 · C2054 · C2056
S1075 · S1076 · S1077

Northern Ethiopian amole reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Tax schedules and prices establish amole reckoning. Earlier salt trade in 525 is only commodity context, not documented continuous ancestry; 1935 is a study boundary rather than proven unit termination.

C1352 · C1353 · C1724
S669

Norwegian speciedaler

Parent remains unresolved

Outgoing 1875 replacement documented; LEG00341 incoming standard match unreviewed.

C1111
S263

Nova Scotia decimal dollar

Parent remains unresolved

1860 decimal transition and later Canadian 75:73 alignment documented; retained claims do not explicitly identify predecessor and ratio.

C162 · C313
S11 · S160

Odisha / Orissa cowrie accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Orissa public accounts were reported in cowries in 1803. The differing official and market rupee rates and required silver tax payment do not prove a rupee parent, general account succession or enduring peg.

C2047 · C2048
S1073

Old Assyrian silver reckoning at Kanesh

Parent remains unresolved

Kanesh loans, investments and balances in silver minas/shekel fractions establish monetary obligations. Shared silver-weight words do not establish succession from Ur III Umma or another earlier local account.

C1374 · C1375
S168 · S687 · S688

Old Babylonian silver shekel reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Hammurabi-law physician fees and divorce compensation establish silver-shekel liabilities. The date belongs to the legal collection, not currency creation; inheritance from an earlier Mesopotamian unit remains undocumented here.

C1376
S510

Old Javanese masa–suwarna accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Old Javanese masa/suwarna monetary expressions are documented. Later updates to legal vocabulary and shared Laguna names do not establish transferred balances, a fixed conversion or one continuous Java–Bali–Philippines account.

C2057 · C2061 · C2063
S1078 · S1079 · S1080

Old Piedmont lira —20-soldi account unit

Parent remains unresolved

Existing identity extends before restoration; outgoing conversion documented, no earlier founding parent.

C1745 · C1788 · C1802
S935

Ottoman Levantine sultani gold account

Parent remains unresolved

Damascus debt and Jerusalem endowment capital/proceeds establish sultani gold-account use. Valuation of para assets in sultanis does not itself show an inherited akçe/para parent or a single continuous account identity.

C1862 · C1874 · C1875 · C1889
S980

Paraguayan peso fuerte

Parent remains unresolved

Paraguayan peso-fuerte salaries, real-denominated taxes and the 1842 retention of familiar monetary reckoning are recorded. The complete Spanish-to-local account lineage across later reorganizations is not established solely by the coinage authorization.

C1274 · C1305 · C1306
S627

Patna Sanwat / Azeemabadee rupee account

Parent remains unresolved

The 1775 rent grant establishes distinct Sanwat Azeemabadee reckoning and a later conversion of that liability into sicca. An earlier Mughal-to-Patna account inheritance and universal abolition are not established by this local contract.

C1742 · C1798 · C1813 · C2014
S1041 · S910 · S913

Pennsylvania pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

Local obligation reckoning documented, not founding descent.

C1365 · C1366 · C1367
S682

Persian toman–dinar accounting — Ilkhanid and later traditions

Parent remains unresolved

Persian dinar/toman accounting is extended through qualified Ilkhanid inheritance; Ghazan's six-dirham account is an epoch within that identity. The intervening inheritance from early eastern Islamic dirham accounts remains unestablished; the 1740 Mughal alignment is a later adopted basis.

C1997 · C1998 · C2033 · C2034
S1038 · S1039 · S1040 · S1061 · S1062 · S1063

Peruvian sol — nineteenth-century account unit

Parent remains unresolved

The 1863 law defines the sol as principal account unit and 1901 legislation converts prior sol obligations into pounds. The preceding peso-to-sol account bridge is not established in these retained claims.

C1449 · C1450 · C1688 · C1737
S852 · S853

Prince Edward Island pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

1848 sterling reporting par does not establish founding descent; outgoing PEI-dollar R0110 already present.

C306 · C307
S156

Prussian thaler — nineteenth-century unit

Parent remains unresolved

Outgoing 3 marks per thaler documented; incoming LEG00313 unreviewed standard match.

C879
S435

Qin cash (qian) fiscal accounting

Parent remains unresolved

A probably early-imperial Qin ordinance establishes cash obligations and repayment. It provides an earlier scoped account witness, without a documented incoming monetary ancestor or continuity through intervening dynasties into Tang accounting.

C2009 · C2016
S1048

Ramesside copper-deben value reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

UC 39606 aggregates goods supplied for a bull in copper-deben value. The Ramesside date is a broad envelope; this witness establishes no inherited earlier account or bridge into later Egyptian drachma accounting.

C1379
S691 · S692

Rob gold-dinar legal accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Rob legal documents denominate fines in gold dinars associated with Kushano-Sasanian issues. That regional coin context does not establish account transition from Bactrian drachmas, a Roman denarius parent or continuity to modern dinars.

C2092 · C2093
S1098 · S1099

Shanghai tael

Parent remains unresolved

Shanghai taels independently denominate commercial obligations and are converted into existing yuan accounts. Reported merchant adoption in 1857 is not proof of origin or inheritance from Haikwan or another tael standard.

C1384 · C1421 · C2007
S1044 · S541 · S697

South German florin — nineteenth-century unit

Parent remains unresolved

Only outgoing 12 marks per 7 florins documented.

C880
S435

Southern New England wampum reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Named fathom counting and treaty obligations establish a scoped wampum account. These liabilities do not identify an earlier inherited currency, and settlement comparisons with colonial money are not ancestry evidence.

C1363 · C1364
S680 · S681

Spanish real / peso de a ocho

Connection restored

The Spanish silver real and peso account tradition is treated as a qualified branch within Castilian maravedí reckoning. The 1497 reform rated the real at 34 maravedís while maravedí accounts continued; scholarship describes real accounting within that common sixteenth-century system and subsequent divergence between silver and vellón values from 1603. This is an inference of local account differentiation from the combined evidence, not a claim that a coin tariff alone creates ancestry or that the real replaced and abolished the maravedí in 1497. The interval is a development window, not a known founding reform.

C336 · C953 · C1278 · C2112
S171 · S630 · S99 · S1107 · S1108

Swedish riksdaler specie

Parent remains unresolved

Qualified riksgalds descendant documented, not specie founding parent.

C1155
S550

Tang cash / guan accounting

Parent remains unresolved

Tang tax and price accounts in cash/strings are documented. The Qin witness does not establish intervening inheritance through Han and Sui; changing cash inscriptions alone cannot fill the account gap.

C1815 · C1816 · C1854 · C2016
S1048 · S953 · S954 · S955

Thai baht

Parent remains unresolved

Thai tical/baht is a continuing local account identity with qualified older price witnesses and legal obligations. The 1928 name/standard change is not a tical parent; no earlier distinct inherited unit is established.

C1157 · C1214 · C1261 · C1748 · C1749
S541 · S590 · S614 · S897 · S898

Tibetan tangka accounting

Parent remains unresolved

The contemporary survey establishes official tangka accounting, separately rated against British rupees. The later srang-to-RMB conversion is documented but its identity link to this tangka account is unadjudicated; rupee circulation does not establish its parent.

C1393 · C1513
S541 · S845

Tlaxcala cacao account unit

Parent remains unresolved

A local price ruling values ordinary goods in counted cacao beans with quality adjustments. It establishes this account witness, not descent from another cacao account or succession into colonial peso balances.

C1360
S677 · S678

Tolai tambu reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Road-work payments and prices establish tambu accounting. Contemporary shilling exchange quotations vary by goods and do not prove sterling ancestry; the European-trade prohibition did not terminate local usage.

C1357 · C1358 · C1727
S672 · S673

Travancore Sirkar rupee

Parent remains unresolved

Sirkar rupees denominate local accounts despite no full-rupee coin, with qualified linkage among observations. Neither earlier inheritance from an outside rupee nor the final account conversion is established by the 1950 coin legal-tender cessation.

C1390 · C1391 · C1515
S541 · S698 · S847

Tunisian piastre / riyal reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Tunisian piastre/riyal fiscal obligations and replacement by francs in 1891 are established. The shared piastre name does not demonstrate earlier Ottoman account inheritance.

C1445 · C1446 · C1677
S465 · S794

Ujiji / Kawélé sofi reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Cameron's 1874 prices and moneychangers establish a local sofi bead account. Daily cloth exchange is neither a hard peg nor evidence that cloth accounting was its inherited parent; full successor transition remains open.

C2068 · C2069
S1082 · S1083

Upper Burmese kyat debt reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

Burmese mortgage and sale deeds establish kyat-denominated debts with alloy descriptions. They do not establish a preceding account parent, colonial rupee succession or continuity to modern Myanmar kyat merely from the shared name.

C2049 · C2050 · C2051
S1074

Ur III Girsu barley-gur reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

MVN 8,179 offsets a barley-denominated obligation partly with silver credited in barley units. It establishes barley as account denomination, not succession from Umma silver accounting or a universal Mesopotamian currency.

C1827 · C1848 · C1859
S974 · S975

Ur III Umma silver-shekel reckoning

Parent remains unresolved

MVN 1,240 values varied goods and balances in silver minas/shekels. Girsu barley reckoning is a distinct contemporaneous accounting practice; common exchange calculations do not make it a predecessor.

C1825 · C1826 · C1847 · C1858
S973 · S975

Venetian banco ducat — Banco del Giro accounts

Parent remains unresolved

Distinct scriptural accounts documented; premium alone expressly insufficient; no predecessor transition claim.

C1399 · C1566
S703 · S704

Venezolano

Parent remains unresolved

The 1871 venezolano reform required public/private account conversion from 1872. The 1865 peso-fuerte/venezolano-de-oro relationship to that unit awaits direct statutory comparison; a naming distinction is not enough to create its missing predecessor.

C1277 · C1310
S544

Virginia pound of account

Parent remains unresolved

Local accounts and contracts documented, not founding descent.

C1368 · C1369
S683

Zurich gulden account unit

Parent remains unresolved

1803 local reckoning and outgoing federal-franc conversion documented, no founding parent.

C1183 · C1161
S552 · S551

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